2011年考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案(同名3127)

2011年研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)二真題SectionI

UseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)"TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers—aboontoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcybercrimethathas

1

acrosstheWeb.

Canprivacybepreserved

2

bringingasemblanceofsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly

3

?

Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation’scyberczar,offeredtheObamagovernmenta4

tomaketheWebasaferplace—a“voluntaryidentify”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech

5

ofaphysicalkey,fingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled

6

one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential

7

toaspecificcomputer,andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.Theideaisto

8

afederationofprivateonlineidentifysystems.Userscould

9

whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver’slicense

10

bythegovernment.

GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavesign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto

11

justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.

12

,theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”insafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”toestablishasenseof

13

community.

Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhichindividualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith

14

,trustingtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructurethatthetransactionruns

15

.'"

Still,theadministration’splanhas

16

privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach;othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould

17

bealicense”mentality.

Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith

18

bysomeexperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntaryecosystem”wouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet

19

.Theyarguethatshouldbe

20

toregisterandidentifythemselves,indriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.

1．A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.ridden2．A.forB.withinC.whileD.though3．A.carelessB.lawlessC.pointlessD.helpless4．A.reasonB.reminderC.compromiseD.proposal5．A.informationB.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalent6．A.byB.intoC.fromD.over7．A.linkedB.directedC.chainedD.compared8．A.dismissB.discoverC.createD.improve9．A.recallB.suggestC.selectD.realize10．A.relcasedB.issuedC.distributedD.delivered11．A.carryonB.lingeronC.setinD.login12．A.InvainB.IneffectC.InreturnD.Incontrast13．A.trustedB.modernizedC.thrivingD.competing14．A.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patience15．A.onB.afterC.beyondD.across16．A.dividedB.disappointedC.protectedD.united17．A.frequestlyB.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventually18．A.skepticismB.releranceC.indifferenceD.enthusiasm19．A.manageableB.defendableC.vulnerableD.invisible20．A.invitedB.appointedC.allowedD.forcedSectionII

ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text

1RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm’sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive’sproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose“surprise”disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfountthatafterasurprisedeparture,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikelytoperformhousingpositivelystylish.Economicconditionwasonlyastimulusforthetrendtowardefficientliving.Thephrase“l(fā)essismore”wasactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarIIandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.ThesedesignerscametoexertenormousinfluenceonthecourseofAmericanarchitecture,butnonemoresothatMies.Mies’ssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthatalot.Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderivefromabundance.Likeothermodernarchitects,heemployedmetal,glassandlaminatedwood-materialsthatwetakeforgrantedtodaybuythatinthe1940ssymbolizedthefuture.Mies’ssophisticatedpresentationmaskedthefactthatthespaceshedesignedweresmallandefficient,ratherthanbigandoftenempty.TheapartmentsintheeleganttowersMiesbuiltonChicago’sLakeShoreDrive,forexample,weresmaller-two-bedroomunitsunder1,000squarefeet-thanthoseintheirolderneighborsalongthecity’sGoldCoast.Buttheywerepopularbecauseoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings’detailsandproportions,thearchitecturalequivalentoftheabstractartsopopularatthetime.Thetrendtoward“l(fā)ess”wasnotentirelyforeign.Inthe1930sFrankLloydWrightstartedbuildingmoremodestandefficienthouses-usuallyaround1,200squarefeet-thanthespreadingtwo-storyoneshehaddesignedinthe1890sandtheearly20thcentury.The“CaseStudyHouses”commissionedfromtalentedmodernarchitectsbyCaliforniaArts&Architecturemagazinebetween1945and1962wereyetanotherhomegrowninfluenceonthe“l(fā)essismore”trend.Aestheticeffectcamefromthelandscape,newmaterialsandforthrightdetailing.InhisCaseStudyHouse,Ralpheverydaylife-fewAmericanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters,thoughmosteventuallygotclothesdryers-buthisbeliefthatself-sufficiencywasbothdesirableandinevitablewaswidelyshared.31.ThepostwarAmericanhousingstylelargelyreflectedtheAmericans’

.[A]prosperityandgrowth[B]efficiencyandpracticality[C]restraintandconfidence[D]prideandfaithfulness32.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3aboutBauhaus?[A]ItwasfoundedbyLudwigMiesvanderRohe.[B]ItsdesigningconceptwasaffectedbyWorldWarII.[C]MostAmericanarchitectsusedtobeassociatedwithit.[D]IthadagreatinfluenceuponAmericanarchitecture.33.Miesheldthateleganceofarchitecturaldesign

.[A]wasrelatedtolargespace[B]wasidentifiedwithemptiness[C]wasnotreliantonabundantdecoration[D]wasnotassociatedwithefficiency34.WhatistrueabouttheapartmentsMiesbuildingChicago’sLakeShoreDrive?[A]Theyignoreddetailsandproportions.[B]Theywerebuiltwithmaterialspopularatthattime.[C]Theyweremorespaciousthanneighboringbuildings.[D]Theysharedsomecharacteristicsofabstractart.35.Whatcanwelearnaboutthedesignofthe“CaseStudyHouse”?[A]Mechanicaldeviceswerewidelyused.[B]Naturalscenesweretakenintoconsideration[C]Detailsweresacrificedfortheoveralleffect.[D]Eco-friendlymaterialswereemployed.Text

4WilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit?Thequestionwouldhavesoundedstrangenotlongago.Noweventheproject’sgreatestcheerleaderstalkofacontinentfacinga“Bermudatriangle”ofdebt,populationdeclineandlowergrowth.Aswellasthosechronicproblems,theEUfaceanacutecrisisinitseconomiccore,the16countriesthatusethesinglecurrency.Marketshavelostfaiththattheeurozone’seconomies,weakerorstronger,willonedayconvergethankstothedisciplineofsharingasinglecurrency,whichdeniesuncompetitivemembersthequickfixofdevaluation.YetthedebateabouthowtosaveEurope’ssinglecurrencyfromdisintegrationisstuck.Itisstuckbecausetheeurozone’sdominantpowers,FranceandGermany,agreeontheneedforgreaterharmonizationwithintheeurozone,butdisagreeaboutwhattoharmonies.Germanythinkstheeuromustbesavedbystricterrulesonborrowspendingandcompetitiveness,barkedbyquasi-automaticsanctionsforgovernmentsthatdonotobey.ThesemightincludethreatstofreezeEUfundsforpoorerregionsandEUmega-projectsandeventhesuspensionofacountry’svotingrightsinEUministerialcouncils.Itinsiststhateconomicco-ordinationshouldinvolveall27membersoftheEUclub,amongwhomthereisasmallmajorityforfree-marketliberalismandeconomicrigour;intheinnercorealone,Germanyfears,asmallmajorityfavourFrenchinterference.A“southern”campheadedbyFrenchwantssomethingdifferent:”Europeaneconomicgovernment”withinaninnercoreofeuro-zonemembers.Translated,thatmeanspoliticiansinterveninginmonetarypolicyandasystemofredistributionfromrichertopoorermembers,viacheaperborrowingforgovernmentsthroughcommonEurobondsorcompletefiscaltransfers.Finally,figuresclosetotheFrancegovernmenthavemurmured,curo-zonemembersshouldagreetosomefiscalandsocialharmonization:e.g.,curbingcompetitionincorporate-taxratesorlabourcosts.ItistoosoontowriteofftheEU.Itremainstheworld’slargesttradingblock.Atitsbest,theEuropeanprojectisremarkablyliberal:builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpoorcountries,itsinternalbordersarefarmoreopentogoods,capitalandlabourthananycomparabletradingarea.Itisanambitiousattempttobluntthesharpestedgesofglobalization,andmakecapitalismbenign.36.TheEUisfacedwithsomanyproblemsthat

.[A]ithasmoreorlesslostfaithinmarkets[B]evenitssupportersbegintofeelconcerned[C]someofitsmembercountriesplantoabandoneuro[D]itintendstodenythepossibilityofdevaluation37.ThedebateovertheEU’ssinglecurrencyisstuckbecausethedominantpowers

.[A]arecompetingfortheleadingposition[B]arebusyhandlingtheirowncrises[C]failtoreachanagreementonharmonization[D]disagreeonthestepstowardsdisintegration38.Tosolvetheeuroproblem,Germanyproposedthat

.[A]EUfundsforpoorregionsbeincreased[B]stricterregulationsbeimposed[C]onlycoremembersbeinvolvedineconomicco-ordination[D]votingrightsoftheEUmembersbeguaranteed39.TheFrenchproposalofhandlingthecrisisimpliesthat__

__.［A］poorcountriesaremorelikelytogetfunds［B］strictmonetarypolicywillbeappliedtopoorcountries［C］loanswillbereadilyavailabletorichcountries［D］richcountrieswillbasicallycontrolEurobonds40.RegardingthefutureoftheEU,theauthorseemstofeel__

__.［A］pessimistic［B］desperate［C］conceited［D］hopefulPartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheleftcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)SuchamovecouldaffectfirmssuchasMcDonald’s,whichsponsorstheyouthcoachingschemerunbytheFootballAssociation.Fast-foodchainsshouldalsostopoffering“inducements”suchastoys,cuteanimalsandmobilephonecredittolureyoungcustomers,Stephensonsaid.ProfessorDineshBhugra,presidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPsychiatrists,said:“Ifchildrenaretaughtabouttheimpactthatfoodhasontheirgrowth,andthatsomethingscanharm,atleastinformationisavailableupfront.”Healsourgedcouncilstoimpose“fast-food-freezones”aroundschoolandhospitals-areaswithinwhichtakeawayscannotopen.ADepartmentofHealthspokespersonsaid:“Weneedtocreateanewvisionforpublichealthwhereallofsocietyworkstogethertogethealthyandlivelonger.Thisincludescreatinganew‘responsibilitydeal’withbusiness,builtonsocialresponsibility,notstateregulation.Laterthisyear,wewillpublishawhitepapersettingoutexactlyhowwewillachievethis.”Thefoodindustrywillbealarmedthatsuchseniordoctorsbacksuchradicalmoves,especiallythecalltousesomeofthetoughtacticsthathavebeendeployedagainstsmokingoverthelastdecade.[A]“fattaxes”shouldbeimposedonfast-foodproducerssuchasMcDonald’s.41.AndrewLansleyheldthat[B]thegovernmentshouldbanfast-foodoutletsintheneighborhoodofschools42.TerenceStephensonagreedthat[C]“l(fā)ecturing”wasaneffectivewaytoimproveschoollunchesinEngland.43.JamieOliverseemedtobelievethat[D]cigarette-stylewarningsshouldbeintroducedtochildrenaboutthedangersofapoordiet.44.DineshBhugrasuggested

that[E]theproducersofcrispsandcandiescouldcontributesignificantlytotheChange4Lifecampaign.45.ADepartmentofHealth

Spokespersonpropsedthat[F]parentsshouldsetgoodexamplesfortheirchildrenbykeepingahealthydietathome.[G]thegovernmentshouldstrengthenthesenseofresponsibilityamongbusinesses.46．Direction：InthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese,writeyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolumesofgreenhousegasesastheworld’sairlinesdo-rough2percentofallCO2emissions?Manyeverydaytaskstakeasurprisingtollontheenvironment.AGooglesearchcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsofCO2dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededtogetthe“right”answer.Todeliverresultstoitsusersquickly,then,Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentresroundtheworld,packedwithpowerfulcomputers.WhileproducinglargequantitiesofCO2,thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichusesevenmoreenergy.However,Googleandotherbigtechprovidersmonitortheirefficiencycloselyandmakeimprovements.Monitoringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction,butthereismuchtobedone,andnotjustbybigcompanies.SectionIVWritingPartA47Directions:SupposeyourcousinLiMinghasjustbeenadmittedtoauniversity.Writehim/heraletterto1)congratulatehim/her,and2)givehim/hersuggestionsonhowtogetpreparedforuniversitylife.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“ZhangWei”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartB48Directions:Writeashortessaybaesdonthefollowingchart.inyourwriting,youshould:1)interpretthechartand2)giveyourcommentsyoushouldwriteatleast150wrodswriteyouressayonanswersheet2(15points)2011英語(yǔ)二參考答案1．A

2．C

3．B

4．D

5．D

6．B

7．A

8．C

9．C

10．B11．D

12．B

13．A

14．C

15．A

16．A

17．D

18．A

19．C

20．D21-25BDCAD26-30DBCAA31-35CDCDB36-40BCBAD41.E

42.D

43.C

44.B

45.G參考答案從全球范圍來(lái)看，有誰(shuí)會(huì)想到IT行業(yè)釋放的溫室氣體與全球航空公司產(chǎn)生的一樣多呢？它大約占總二氧化碳總排量的2%。許多日常工作對(duì)環(huán)境造成了令人震驚的破壞。根據(jù)每次你搜索并得到正確答案的嘗試次數(shù)，谷歌會(huì)排放0.2至7克的二氧化碳。為了迅速將結(jié)果傳遞給用戶，谷歌在全球設(shè)置了大量充斥著能量巨大的電腦的數(shù)據(jù)中心。這些電腦在排放大量二氧化碳的同時(shí)，也產(chǎn)生大量的能量。因此，這些數(shù)據(jù)中心需要良好的空調(diào)降溫，這又會(huì)同時(shí)產(chǎn)生大量的能量。然而，谷歌和其他技術(shù)提供商嚴(yán)密檢測(cè)他們的效果并不斷進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。監(jiān)控是減排的第一步，但這仍任重道遠(yuǎn)，且不僅只由大公司來(lái)承擔(dān)。小作文參考答案Dearfriend,IamwritingtocongratulateyouonyourbeingsuccessfullyadmittedtoHarvardUniversity,whichenjoysaninternationalreputationforitsacademicexcellenceandgiveyousomesuggestionsastohowtomakepreparationforthecomingcollegelife.Inorderforyoutoadaptyourselftotheuniversitylife,youareadvisedtogetpreparedphysicallyandintellectually.Firstandforemost,youneedtobuildastrongbodyforthefutureacademicpursuit,soyoucantakesomeexercisesduringthebreaks.Secondly,sincethestudyinuniversityismoredemandingthaninyoursecondaryschool,youarehighlysuggestedtofindsomeintroductorybooksfromthelibrarysoastohaveagoodideaofthespecialtyyouaregoingtotakeinyourcollegelife.Givenyoursoundability,youaresuretohaveasuccessfulcollegelife.Congratulateyouagainandwishyouafruitfulcollegelife.Sincerelyyours,ZhangWeiDearMing,Congratulations!IamgladtohearthatyouhavebeenadmittedbyMIT.Youreffortsandcommitmenthavebeenpaidoff.Youarethehonorofourfamily.Herecomesom