2018年江蘇高考二輪專題限時集訓(xùn)(22)任務(wù)型閱讀(Ⅰ)

..專題限時集訓(xùn)二十二任務(wù)型閱讀<Ⅰ><對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第159頁>A[導(dǎo)__25874078]<2017·XX高三一模>Arewemorenarcissisticthaneverbefore?Liketheflower,narcissism<自戀>hascontinuedtoflourishinmoderncivilization,whichhasbecomesuchapartofculture.Butnarcissisminpsychologyismorethanasinglequestioncancapture,whichreallyhasthreetypesofnarcissism.Problemsarisewhenpeoplediscussnarcissismwithoutidentifyingtheform.Grandiose<浮夸>narcissismistheoutgoing,extraverted<外向>form.Thenarcissisticindividualbelievesheorsheissmarter,better-lookingandmoreimportantthanothers.And,ofcourse,heorshegetsspecialtreatmentforthisfact.Infact,someofthemcanbeverycharming,likableandenjoypeople.Ontheoppositeside,narcissisticrelationshipsareoftennotveryemotionallywarmorcaring.Vulnerable<脆弱>narcissismisthesecondflavorofnarcissism.Itishardertoseethangrandiosenarcissism.Vulnerablenarcissiststhinktheyhavetherighttogetspecialtreatmentandgreatnessbutactuallyhavelowself-confidenceandarenottypicallyextraverted.Imaginesomeonelivinginhismum'ssmallroom.HespendshiseveningswatchingTheXFactorbelievingheshouldbethenextfamousstarsingingactor.Unfortunately,hehasn'ttheconfidencetodoitandinsteadbecomesanetizen,whopostsoffensive,controversial,ordivisivematerialsonanInternetcommunity.Thethirdformofnarcissismoccurswhennarcissismisextremeandcausesclinicallyseriousproblemsinaperson'slife-marriagesfallapart,friendsarelost,acareerisover.Whenthisoccursnarcissismcanbeidentifiedasapersonalitydisorder-narcissisticpersonalitydisorder<alsoknownasNPD>,containingamixofbothgrandioseandvulnerablenarcissism.CanyouchangenarcissismorNPD?Thereisnosimpleanswertothis.Forgrandiosenarcissism,whatIoftendoissuggestpracticingcaringandcompassion,doingwhatyouarepassionateaboutratherthanwhatgetsyourattentionandbeingresponsibleforyourmistakesaswellassuccesses.ForvulnerablenarcissismIwouldaddtothislistwithpracticesthatreducedepressionandanxiety.Developasenseofbelongingorafriendshipnetwork;participateinphysicalexercise;orpracticeaformofemptyingyourmindofthoughtsandfeelings.ForNPD,thereisnosingle,scientificallyaffirmedtreatmentofchoice.Butpayattentiontothefollowing.First,peoplewithNPDareoftenreluctanttoentertreatmentbecauseintheirmindtheydonothaveaproblem—everyoneelsedoes.Second,itischallengingfordoctorstokeepindividualswithNPDintreatment.Narcissismisincreasingandwhilesocialmediahasn'tbeenproventoactuallycreatenarcissists,itdoesgivethemanewplatformtogainattentionandadmiration.Still,Iremainoptimisticthatpeoplecanchangeiftheyaremotivated,havetherighttools,andknowwhattypeofnarcissismtheyaredealingwith.Arewemorenarcissisticthaneverbefore？Currentsituationsaboutnarcissism·Narcissismhasdevelopedtobecomeapartofculture.·Narcissismismore1.________thanexpectedinpsychology.2.______ofnarcissismindividedtypes·Anarcissistisoutgoingandsociallyconfident,sometimesshowingloveliness.·Anarcissistconsidershimselftobesuchanunusualpersonastobetreated3.________.·Anarcissistisoftencoldandlikelyto4.________careinemotiontowardsothers.·Vulnerablenarcissismismore5.________thangrandiosenarcissism.·Anarcissistisn'tactuallyconfidentthoughinhisopinionhe6.________specialthings.·Narcissismisquiteextremetocauseseriousproblemsintheclinic,affectingthepersonallife.TheapproachestotreatingnarcissismorNPD·Bemoreconsiderate,dofavoritethingsandtake7.________forwhatevertheydo.·Tryto8.________bymakingmorefriends,doingexerciseandsoon.·HelppeoplewithNPDtorealizetheyhaveproblemsandnotto9.________treatment.Thefuturetrend·Narcissismisincreasingperhapsbecauseofsocialmedia.·Narcissismcanbe10.________ifhandledactivelyinproperways.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。文章主要論述了自戀的三種類型及其治療方法。1．complicated/complex[信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Butnarcissisminpsychologyismorethanasinglequestioncancapture"可知,心理學(xué)上的自戀不僅僅是一個簡單的問題,顯然此處是在暗示其是"復(fù)雜的"問題,所以填complicated/complex。]2．Features/Characteristics[信息歸納題。根據(jù)文章第二至四段及表格右欄的內(nèi)容可知,這里說的是自戀的"特點",所以填Features/Characteristics。]3．specially[信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第二段中的"heorshegetsspecialtreatmentforthisfact"可知,自戀者認(rèn)為自己應(yīng)該被"特別地<specially>"對待。]4．lack[信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Ontheoppositeside,narcissisticrelationshipsareoftennotveryemotionallywarmorcaring"可知,從相反的角度來看,自戀者之間的關(guān)系通常缺乏情感上的溫暖和關(guān)懷。故填lack。]5．hidden/concealed[信息歸納題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Itishardertoseethangrandiosenarcissism"可知,脆弱型自戀比浮夸型自戀更難觀察到,這就暗示出,脆弱型自戀是更為隱蔽的<hidden/concealed>。]6．deserves[信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Vulnerablenarcissiststhinktheyhavetherighttogetspecialtreatment..."可知,脆弱型自戀者認(rèn)為他們有權(quán)利得到特殊的對待,即他們認(rèn)為自己應(yīng)得到特殊的對待,所以填deserves,意思是"值得,應(yīng)得"。]7．responsibility[信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第五段中的"beingresponsibleforyourmistakes"可知,此處指要對自己的錯誤負(fù)責(zé)。根據(jù)此空的結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷,要用responsible的名詞形式構(gòu)成固定搭配takeresponsibilityfor..."對……負(fù)責(zé)任"。]8．relax[信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第五段中的"Iwouldaddtothislistwithpracticesthatreducedepressionandanxiety"可知,作者在此處建議要增加可以減輕壓抑和憂慮的練習(xí),即要放松<relax>。]9．refuse[信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第五段中的"peoplewithNPDareoftenreluctanttoentertreatment"可知,患這種疾病的人通常不愿意接受治療,故此處指幫助他們不要拒絕<refuse>治療。]10．changed/changeable[信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Still,Iremainoptimisticthatpeoplecanchangeiftheyaremotivated"可知,此處指如果自戀得以正確處理的話,自戀這一狀況可得到改變。故此處可填changed/changeable。]B[導(dǎo)__25874079]<2017·XX高三一模>Between1938and1942,researchersinBostonwerebusygettingdowntoastudyofadolescentboysandtheirfamilyrelationships.Some60yearslater,differentresearchersfollowedupwiththeparticipantsandfoundthatthoseraisedinwarmerfamilyenvironmentsweremoresecurelyattachedtotheirpartnersinthelateryearsoflife.InastudypublishedlastweekinPsychologicalScience,coauthorsRobertWaldinger,apsychiatristatHarvardMedicalSchool,andMarcSchulz,apsychologistatBrynMawrCollege,combinedmanydecadesofdatapreviouslygatheredonagroupofmenwithdatatheyrecentlycollectedonthesamementoofferuniquelong-termthinkingontheconnectionbetweenearlychildhoodenvironment,howmenregulateemotionsinmiddleageandthesecurityoftheirattachmentsincloserelationshipslateinlife.Securityofattachment,aconceptthatfirstappearedinthe1960s,istheideathatbecausewearehelplessforlargeportionsofourchildhoodandoldageweneedtobegoodatformingattachmentswithothersandkeepingthemaroundtotakecareofus."Eachpersonhascertainpeoplewhoaretheirmainattachmentfigures,"Waldingersays—inotherwords,thepersonyouwould"callinthemiddleofthenightifyouwereterrifiedandneededsomeonetocomeover"．Westartformingattachmentsataveryyoungageandcontinuetodosothroughoutourlives.WaldingerandSchulzdeterminedthatregardlessofsocioeconomicstandingthemenraisedinwarmerfamilyenvironmentsusedmoreadaptivestrategiestomanagetheirnegativeemotionsinmidlife,andwerealsomoresecurelyattachedtotheirpartnerslateinlife.Theseresultssuggestourchildhoodenvironmentaffectsourrelationshipsnotonlyintoadulthoodbutfortherestofourlives.ForSchulz,thefindingshighlighttheneedforservicessuchasfamilyleavethatsupportparentsandallowthemtocreatebetterfamilyenvironments.Healsostressestheimportanceofgoodsocialservicesthatcangetinvolvedwhenchildrenendupinpoororunsafefamilysettings."Kidsmaynotrememberspecificevents,particularlyearlyintheirlifetimes,"Schulzsays."Buttheaccumulationofloving,nurturingfamilyenvironmentsreallyhasanimpactoveralongperiodoftime."WaldingerandSchulzalsoemphasizethattherearemanywaystoovercomehavingaless-than-idyllicchildhood,suchasactivelyworkingondevelopingwarmer,healthierrelationshipsasanadultorlearninghowtousemoreadaptivestrategiestodealwithnegativeemotions.ChrisFraley,apsychologistattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbanaChampaignwhostudiesattachmentbutwasnotinvolvedinthepresentstudy,wassurprisedbytheresults."Therearesomanywaysinwhichpeople'slivescanevolveacrosstime,"suchasfinancialhardships,illness,divorceoroccupationaluncertainty,hewroteinanemail,adding,"Thefactthattheauthorsfoundsuchanassociationisremarkable,andraisesanumberofquestionsaboutthefactorsthatexplainwhyitexists."Fraleypointedout,however,thatthestudyissmall,alimitationtheresearchersthemselvesacknowledge.Healsocautionedthatanassociationbetweenearlychildhoodexperiencesandattachmentlaterinlifedoesn'tnecessarilymeantheformercausesthelatter.Still,thebestoptionistoprovidekidswithawarmfamilyenvironmentearlyinlife,Waldingersays."Thebottomlineisthathowwetakecareofchildrenisjustsovitallyimportant.Andprotectingtheirdevelopmentisessentialforlifelongwellbeing."ThemeThehappierthechildhood,thestrongerthebondsinoldage.ResultofthestudyPeoplewhoare11.________upinwarmerfamilyenvironmentshavemore12.________attachmentswiththeirpartnersinthelateryearsoflife.Conceptofsecurityofattachment·Securityofattachment,aconceptfirst13.________inthe1960s,istheideathatduetoourhelplessnessinmostofourchildhoodandoldageweneedtobegoodatformingattachmentswithothersandkeepingthemaroundtotakecareofus.·Eachpersonhassomepeopleto14.________towhenheisterrifiedorneedscompanyorcomfortbadly.FindingsofWaldingerandSchulz·Ourchildhoodenvironmentaffectsourrelationshipsbothintoadulthoodandfortherestofourlives.·Serviceslikefamilyleavemakeit15.________forparentstocreateabetterfamilyenvironmentforcultivatingchildren.·Goodsocialservicescangetinvolvedwhenchildrenendupinpoororunsafefamilysettings.·16.________thefactthatkidsmaynotrememberspecificevents,particularlyearlyintheirlifetimes,theaccumulationofloving,nurturingfamilyenvironmentsreallymakesa17.________toourrelationshipsoveralongperiodoftime.·Therearemanywaystoovercomehavingaless-than-idyllicchildhood,learninghowtousemoreadaptivestrategiestodealwithnegativeemotionsincluded.ChrisFraley'sopinion·Thefactoffindingsuchanassociationisremarkable,andraisesmanyquestionsaboutthefactorswhichexplainthereasonforits18.________.·An19.________betweenearlychildhoodexperiencesandattachmentdoesn'tnecessarilymeanattachmentlaterinlife.Conclusion20.________optionswemake,thebestoneistoprovidekidswithawarmfamilyenvironmentearlyinlife.[語篇解讀]本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了一項研究,該研究主要探討了早期家庭環(huán)境對晚年親密關(guān)系中安全感的影響。11．brought[信息歸納題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的"thoseraisedinwarmerfamilyenvironmentsweremoresecurelyattachedtotheirpartnersinthelateryearsoflife"可知,在溫馨的家庭環(huán)境中長大的人,在晚年時更依戀他們的伴侶。固定搭配bringup意為"教育,養(yǎng)育",與raise意思相近。]12．secure[信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的"thoseraisedinwarmerfamilyenvironmentsweremoresecurelyattachedtotheirpartnersinthelateryearsoflife"及題干可知,名詞attachments前應(yīng)用形容詞secure。]13．a(chǎn)ppearing/emerging[信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的"Securityofattachment,aconceptthatfirstappearedinthe1960s"可知,親附安全首先出現(xiàn)在20世紀(jì)60年代。此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞appearing/emerging作定語修飾aconce