大學英語四級真題及答案解析

成功在于執(zhí)著，祝大家考研成功！第第頁大學英語四級真題及答案解析2016年6月大學英語四級真題及參考答案PartⅡListeningComprehension（聽力部分共有兩套）四級第一套SectionA1.C)Risingunemploymentworldwide.2.A)Manycountrieshavenottakenmeasurestocreateenoughjobs.3.B)Putcalorieinformationonthemenu.4.A)Theywillbefined.C)Theywillgetawarning.5.D)Failuretointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness.6.B)Itisthecreationofsomethingnew.7.C)Itsinnovationculture.SectionB8.D)Hedoesnottalklongonthephone.9.B)Talkatlength.10.A)Hethoughtitwascool.11.C)Itischildishandunprofessional.12.B)Heisunhappywithhisdepartmentmanager.13.A)Hisworkloadwasmuchtooheavy.14.C)Hisbosshasalotoftrustinhim.15.D)Talktohisbossinpersonfirst.SectionC16.A)Theimportanceofsleeptoahealthylife.17.C)Theygetlessandlesssleep.18.D)Theirbloodpressurewillrise.19.B)Whatcourseyouaregoingtochoose.20.D)Thepersonalstatement.21.C)Indicatetheyhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject.22.B)Itwasbuiltinthelate19thcentury.23.D)Theyoftenbrokedown.24.A)Theywereproducedontheassemblyline.25.C)Itmarkedanewerainmotortravel.四級第二套SectionA1.C)Whysufficientsleepisimportantforcollegestudents.2.C)Makinglast-minutepreparationsfortestsmaybelesseffectivethansleeping.3.B)WhethertheBritishirportsAuthorityshouldselloffsomeofitsassets.4.D)Lackofrunwayandterminalcapacity.5.D)Reportthenicotinecontentoftheircigarettes.6.A)Thebiggestincreaseinnicotinecontenttendedtobeinbrandsyoungsmokerslike.7.B)Theywerenotpreparedtocommentonthecigarettestudy.SectionB8.A)Holland.9.D)Learningalanguagewhereitisnotspoken.10.C)Tryingtospeakitasmuchasonecan.11.A)Itprovidesopportunitiesforlanguagepractice.12.B)Rulesandregulationsfordriving.13.C)Makecarsthatarelesspowerful.14.D)Theytendtodriveresponsibly.15.C)Itisnotuseful.SectionC16.D)Thecardreaderfailedtodothescanning.17.B)Bycoveringthecreditcardwithalayerofplastic.18.A)Producemanylow-techfixesforhigh-techfailures.19.A)Theyvaryamongdifferentdepartments.20.D)Bycontactingthedeparmentaloffice.21.B)Theyspecifythenumberofcreditsstudentsmustearn.22.C)Studentsinhealthclasses.23.A)Itsoveremphasisonthinness.24.B)Toexplainhowcomputerimagescanbemisleading.25.C)Topromoteherownconceptofbeauty.PartⅢReadingComprehension四級第一套SectionA26.O)tend27.M)review28.L)performance29.K)particularly30.N)survive31.E)dropping32.J)mutually33.H)flow34.F)essential35.I)moodSectionBE）“Wethoughtwewouldseedifferencesbasedonthehousingtypes,”saidtheleadauthorofthestudy,JulieRobison,anassociateprofessorofmedicineattheuniversity.Areasonableassumption—don'tfamiliesstruggletoavoidnursinghomesandsufferrealguiltiftheycan't?L）Ofcourse,sonsanddaughterswanttovisitthefacilities,talktotheadministratorsandresidentsandotherfamilies,anddoeverythingpossibletofulfilltheirduties.Butperhapstheydon'thavetoturnthemselvesintoprivateinvestigatorsorCongressionalsubcommittees.“Familiescanlookabitmoreforwheretheresidentsaregoingtobehappy,”Dr.Sloanesaid.Andinvolvingthefutureresidentintheprocesscanbeveryimportant.B）Doesassistedlivingreallymarkagreatimprovementoveranursinghome,orhastheindustrysimplyhiredbetterinteriordesigners?Arenursinghomesasbadaspeoplefear,oristhatanout-modedstereotype(固定看法)？Candoingone'shomeworkreallysteerfamiliestothebestplaces?Itisgenuinelyhardtoknow.H）Anelderlypersonwhodescribesherselfasinpoorhealth,therefore,mightbenolessdepressedinassistedliving(evenifherchildrenpreferredit)thaninanursinghome.Apersonwhohadinputintowherehewouldmoveandhashadtimetoadapttoitmightdoaswellinanursinghomeasinasmallresidentialcarehome,otherfactorsbeingequal.Itisaninteractionbetweenthepersonandtheplace,notthesortofplaceinitself,thatleadstobetterorworseexperiences.“Youcan'tjustsay,‘Let'sputthispersoninaresidentialcarehomeinsteadofanursinghome—shewillbemuchbetteroff,’”Dr.Robisonsaid.Whatmatters,sheadded,“isacombinationofwhatpeoplebringinwiththem,andwhattheyfindthere.”N）Thedaughterfearedhermotherwouldbeignoredthere,andsoshedecidedtomoveherintoamorewelcomingfacility.Basedonwhatisemergingfromsomeofthisresearch,thatmighthavebeenasrationalawayasanytoreachadecision.J）AsIwasconsideringallthis,apressreleasefromarespectedresearchfirmcrossedmydesk，announcingthatthefive-starratingsystemthatMedicaredevelopedin2008tohelpfamiliescomparenursinghomequalityalsohaslittlerelationshiptohowsatisfieditsresidentsortheirfamilymembersare.Asamatteroffact,consumersexpressedhighersatisfactionwiththeone-starfacilities,thelowestrated,thanwiththefive-starones.(Moreonthisstudyandthestarratingswillappearinasubsequentpost.)F）Intheinitialresults,assistedlivingresidentsdidpaintthemostpositivepicture.Theywerelesslikelytoreportsymptomsofdepressionthanthoseintheotherfacilities,forinstance,andlesslikelytobeboredorlonely.Theyscoredhigheronsocialinteraction.C）Iamabouttomakethingsmorecomplicatedbysuggestingthatwhatkindoffacilityanolderpersonlivesinmaymatterlessthanwehaveassumed.Andthatthecharacteristicsadultchildrenlookforwhentheybeginthesearcharenotnecessarilythethingsthatmakeadifferencetothepeoplewhoaregoingtomovein.Iamnottalkingaboutthequalityofcare，letmehastilyadd.Nobodyflourishesinagloomyenvironmentwithirresponsiblestaffandapoorsafetyrecord.Butanaccumulatingbodyofresearchindicatesthatsomedistinctionsbetweenonetypeofeldercareandanotherhavelittlerealbearingonhowwellresidentsdo.I）Suchfindings,whichruncountertocommonsense,havesurfacedbefore.Inamulti-statestudyofassistedliving,forinstance,UniversityofNorthCarolinaresearchersfoundthatahostofvariables—thefacility'stype,sizeorage;whetherachainownedit;howattractivetheneighborhoodwas—hadnosignificantrelationshiptohowtheresidentsfaredintermsofillness,mentaldecline,hospitalizationsormortality.Whatmatteredmostwastheresidents'physicalhealthandmentalstatus.Whatpeoplewerelikewhentheycameinhadgreaterconsequencethanwhathappenedoncetheywerethere.G）Butwhentheresearcherspluggedinanumberofothervariables,suchdifferencesdisappeared.Itisnotthehousingtype,theyfound,thatcreatesdifferencesinresidents'responses.“Itisthecharacteristicsofthespecificenvironmenttheyarein,combinedwiththeirownpersonalcharacteristics—howhealthytheyfeeltheyare,theirageandmaritalstatus,”Dr.Robisonexplained.Whetherresidentsfeltinvolvedinthedecisiontomoveandhowlongtheyhadlivedtherealsoprovedsignificant.SectionC46.C)Itcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirlanguage.47.D)Theyareill-bred.48.C)Bypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior.49.B)Stoptoseekadvicefromahumanbeing.50.A)Determinewhatismoralandethical.51.A)toseewhetherpeople'spersonalityaffectstheirlifespan52.D)Theyaremorelikelytogetoverhardship.53.C)Suchpersonalitycharacteristicsasself-disciplinehavenoeffectonlongevity.54.D)Mothers'negativepersonalitycharacteristicsmayaffecttheirchildren'slifespan.55.B)Longevityresultsfromacombinationofmentalandphysicalhealth.四級第二套SectionA26.G)growing27.A)dependent28.C)fast29.F)give30.H)launch31.N)successful32.I)policyl33.B)designed34.O)treatments35.E)gainedSectionBD)Aswebegintoexamineourlife,Soupiossays,wecometoRuleNo.2:Worryonlyaboutthingsthatyoucancontrol.“TheindividualwhopromotedthisideawasaStoicphilosopher.HisnameisEpictetus,”hesays.“AndwhattheStoicssayingeneralissimplythis:Thereisalargerplaninlife.Youarenotreallygoingtobeabletounderstandallofthedimensionsofthisplan.Youarenotgoingtobeabletocontrolthedimensionsofthisplan.”B)ThewisdomoftheancientGreekphilosophersistimeless,saysSoupios.Thephilosophyprofessorsaysitisasrelevanttodayaswhenitwasfirstwrittenmanycenturiesago.“Thereisnoexpiration(失效)dateonwisdom,”hesays.“Thereisnoshelflifeonintelligence.Ithinkthatthingshavebecomeverygloomythesedays,lotsofmisunderstanding,misleadingcues,alotofwhattheancientswouldhavecalledsophistry(詭辯).ThenicethingaboutancientphilosophyasofferedbytheGreeksisthattheytendedtoseelifeclearandwhole,inawaythatwetendnottoseelifetoday.”F)Tohaveameaningful,happylifeweneedfriends.ButaccordingtoAristotle—astudentofPlatoandteacherofAlexandertheGreat—mostrelationshipsdon'tqualifyastruefriendships.“JustbecauseIhaveabusinessrelationshipwithanindividualandIcanprofitfromthatrelationship,itdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthispersonismyfriend,”Soupiossays.“Realfriendshipiswhentwoindividualssharethesamesoul.ItisabeautifulanduncharacteristicallypoeticimagethatAristotleoffers.”A)Isitpossibletoenjoyapeacefullifeinaworldthatisincreasinglychallengedbythreatsanduncertaintiesfromwars,terrorism,economiccrisesandawidespreadoutbreakofinfectiousdiseases?Theanswerisyes,accordingtoanewbookThe10GoldenRules:AncientWisdomfromtheGreekPhilosophersonLivingaGoodLife.Thebookisco-authoredbyLongIslandUniversity'sphilosophyprofessorMichaelSoupiosandeconomicsprofessorPanosMourdoukoutas.L)“ThisisAesop,thefabulist(寓言家),themanofthesecharminglittletales,oftentoldintermsofanimalsandanimalrelationships,”hesays.“IthinkwhatAesopwassuggestingisthatwhenyouofferagoodturntoanotherhumanbeing,onecanhopethatthatgooddeedwillcomebackandsortofpayaprofittoyou,thedoerofthegooddeed.Evenifthereisnoconcretebenefitpaidinresponsetoyourgooddeed,attheveryleast,thedoerofthegooddeedhastheopportunitytoenjoyakindofspirituallyenlightenedmoment.”H)“ThiswasthehighestandmostdesirableformofpleasureandhappinessfortheancientEpicureans,”Soupiossays.“Thisissomethingthatisverymuchwellworthconsideringhereinthemodernera.Idonotthinkthatwespendnearlyenoughtimetryingtoconcentrateonachievingasortofcalmness,asortofcontentmentinamentalandspiritualway,whichwasidentifiedbythesepeopleasthehighestformofhappinessandpleasure.”C)Soupios,alongwithhisco-authorPanosMourdoukoutas,developedtheir10goldenrulesbyturningtothemenbehindthatphilosophy—Aristotle,Socrates,EpictetusandPythagoras,amongothers.Thefirstrule—examineyourlife—isthecommonthreadthatrunsthroughtheentirebook.SoupiossaysthatitisbasedonPlato'sobservationthattheunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving.“TheGreeksarealwaysconcernedaboutboxingthemselvesin,intermsofconvictions(信念),”hesays.“Sotakeastepback,switchofftheautomaticpilotandactuallystopandreflectaboutthingslikeourpriorities,ourvalues,andourrelationships.”K)Instead,Soupiossays,ancientwisdomurgesustodogood.GoldenRuleNo.10foragoodlifeisthatkindnesstowardotherstendstoberewarded.B)ThewisdomoftheancientGreekphilosophersistimeless,saysSoupios.Thephilosophyprofessorsaysitisasrelevanttodayaswhenitwasfirstwrittenmanycenturiesago.“Thereisnoexpiration(失效)dateonwisdom,”hesays.“Thereisnoshelflifeonintelligence.Ithinkthatthingshavebecomeverygloomythesedays,lotsofmisunderstanding,misleadingcues,alotofwhattheancientswouldhavecalledsophistry(詭辯).ThenicethingaboutancientphilosophyasofferedbytheGreeksisthattheytendedtoseelifeclearandwhole,inawaythatwetendnottoseelifetoday.”J)“ThisisHesiod,ofcourse,ayoungercontemporarypoet,webelieve,withHomer,”Soupiossays.“Hesiodoffersanidea—whichyouveryoftenfindinsomeoftheworld'sgreatreligions,intheJudeo-ChristiantraditionandinIslamandothers—thatinsomesense,whenyouhurtanotherhumanbeing,youhurtyourself.Thatdamagingotherpeopleinyourcommunityandinyourlife,trashingrelationships,resultsinakindofself-inflicted(自己招致的)spiritualwound.”SectionC46.D)Itusuallydrawsdifferentreactionsfromdifferentagegroups.47.A)Itdoesnotseemtocreateagenerationaldivide.48.B)Ithelpswiththeirmobility.49.A)Thelocationoftheirresidence.50.C)Thewealthy.51.C)Theirdailyroutinefollowedtherhythmofthenaturalcycle.52.B)Itbroughtfamilymembersclosertoeachother.53.D)Paceoflife.54.B)Itisvaried,abundantandnutritious.55.A)Theyenjoyedcookingaswellaseating.四級第三套SectionA26.M)provide27.A)abandoned28.I)frequent29.L)merely30.C)biased31.G)dependent32.F)dampens33.E)commitment34.N)understandably35.O)unrealisticallySectionB［F］Incontrast,therecentsurgeinworldgrainpricesistrend-driven,makingitunlikelytoreversewithoutareversalinthetrendsthemselves.Onthedemandside,thosetrendsincludetheongoingadditionofmorethan70millionpeopleayear,agrowingnumberofpeoplewantingtomoveupthefoodchaintoconsumehighlygrain-intensivemeatproducts,andthemassivediversion（轉向）ofU.S.graintotheproductionofbio-fuel.［K］Inresponsetothoserestrictions,grain-importingcountriesaretryingtonaildownlong-termtradeagreementsthatwouldlockupfuturegrainsupplies.Food-importanxietyisevenleadingtoneweffortsbyfood-importingcountriestobuyorleasefarmlandinothercountries.Inspiteofsuchtemporarymeasures,soaringfoodpricesandspreadinghungerinmanyothercountriesarebeginningtobreakdownthesocialorder.［C］Asdemandforfoodrisesfasterthansuppliesaregrowing,theresultingfood-priceinflationputsseverestressonthegovernmentsofmanycountries.Unabletobuygrainorgrowtheirown,hungrypeopletaketothestreets.Indeed,evenbeforethesteepclimbingrainpricesin2008,thenumberoffailingstateswasexpanding.Ifthefoodsituationcontinuestoworsen,entirenationswillbreakdownataneverincreasingrate.Inthe20thcenturythemainthreattointernationalsecuritywassuperpowerconflict;todayitisfailingstates.［L］Sincethecurrentworldfoodshortageistrend-driven,theenvironmentaltrendsthatcauseitmustbereversed.Wemustcutcarbonemissionsby80%fromtheir2006levelsby2020,stabilizetheworld'spopulationateightbillionby2040,completelyremovepoverty,andrestoreforestsandsoils.Thereisnothingnewaboutthefourobjectives.Indeed,wehavemadesubstantialprogressinsomepartsoftheworldonatleastoneofthese—thedistributionoffamily-planningservicesandtheassociatedshifttosmallerfamilies［B］Icannolongerignorethatrisk.Ourcontinuingfailuretodealwiththeenvironmentaldeclinesthatareunderminingtheworldfoodeconomyforcesmetoconcludethatsuchacollapseispossible.［H］Whataboutsupply?Thethreeenvironmentaltrends—theshortageoffreshwater,thelossoftopsoilandtherisingtemperatures—aremakingitincreasinglyhardtoexpandtheworld'sgrainsupplyfastenoughtokeepupwithdemand.Ofallthosetrends,however,thespreadofwatershortagesposesthemostimmediatethreat.Thebiggestchallengehereisinirrigation,whichconsumes70%oftheworld'sfreshwater.Millionsofirrigationwellsinmanycountriesarenowpumpingwateroutofundergroundsourcesfasterthanrainfallcanrefillthem.Theresultisfallingwatertables（地下水位）incountrieswithhalftheworld'speople,includingthethreebiggrainproducers—China,IndiaandtheU.S.［M］Formanyinthedevelopmentcommunity,thefourobjectiveswereseenaspositive,promotingdevelopmentaslongastheydidnotcosttoomuch.Otherssawthemaspoliticallycorrectandmorallyappropriate.Nowathirdandfarmoresignificantmotivationpresentsitself:meetingthesegoalsmaybenecessarytopreventthecollapseofourcivilization.Yetthecostweprojectforsavingcivilizationwouldamounttolessthan$200billionayear,1/6ofcurrentglobalmilitaryspending.Ineffect,ourplanisthenewsecuritybudget.［J］Astheworld'sfoodsecurityfallstopieces,individualcountriesactingintheirownself-interestareactuallyworseningthetroublesofmany.Thetrendbeganin2007,whenleadingwheat-exportingcountriessuchasRussiaandArgentinalimitedorbannedtheirexports,inhopesofincreasinglocalfoodsuppliesandtherebybringingdowndomesticfoodprices.Vietnambanneditsexportsforseveralmonthsforthesamereason.Suchmovesmayeliminatethefearsofthoselivingintheexportingcountries,buttheyarecreatingpanicinimportingcountriesthatmustrelyonwhatisthenleftforexport.［L］Sincethecurrentworldfoodshortageistrend-driven,theenvironmentaltrendsthatcauseitmustbereversed.Wemustcutcarbonemissionsby80%fromtheir2006levelsby2020,stabilizetheworld'spopulationateightbillionby2040,completelyremovepoverty,andrestoreforestsandsoils.Thereisnothingnewaboutthefourobjectives.Indeed,wehavemadesubstantialprogressinsomepartsoftheworldonatleastoneofthese—thedistributionoffamily-planningservicesandtheassociatedshifttosmallerfamilies.［G］Asincomesriseamonglow-incomeconsumers,thepotentialforfurthergrainconsumptionishuge.Butthatpotentialpalesbesidethenever-endingdemandforcrop-basedfuels.Afourthofthisyear'sU.S.grainharvestwillgotofuelcars.SectionC46.B)Itweakensinone'slateryears.47.D)Someofthembegintodeclinewhenpeoplearestillyoung.48.C)Theyfunctionquitewelleveninoldage.49.D)canputwhattheyhavelearntintomoreeffectiveuse50.A)findwaystoslowdownourmentaldecline51.C)Scholarsandpolicymakershavedifferentopinionsaboutit.52.A)Pre-Kachievementsusuallydonotlastlong.53.B)Whenitismadepartofkids'education.54.D)Sheisafirmsupporterofpre-K.55.C)Earlyintervention.PartⅣTranslation四級第一套功夫(KungFu)是中國武術（martialarts）的俗稱。中國武術的起源可以追溯到自衛(wèi)的需要、狩獵活動以及古代中國的軍事訓練。它是中國傳統(tǒng)體育運動的一種，年輕人和老年人都練。它已逐漸演變成了中國文化的獨特元素。作為中國的國寶，功夫有上百種不同的同格，是世界上練得最多的武術形式。有些風格模仿了動物的動作，還有一些則受到了中國哲學思想、神話和傳說的啟發(fā)。KungFuisthefolknameofChinesemartialarts,whichcanbetracedbacktotheneedofself-defense,hunting,andmilitarydrillinancientChina.ItisoneoftheChina’straditionalsportspracticedbyboththeyoungandtheold.IthasgraduallyevolvedintoauniqueelementoftheChineseculture.AsanationaltreasureofChina,KungFu,themost-practicedformofmartialartsintheworld,enjoyshundredsofvariousstyles.Somestylesimitatethemovementsofanimals,whileothersareinspiredbyChinesephilosophicalthoughts,mythsandlegends.四級第二套在山東省濰坊市，風箏不僅僅是玩具，而且還是這座城市文化的標志。濰坊以“風箏之都”而聞名，已有將近2,400年放飛風箏的歷史。傳說中國古代哲學家墨子用了三年時間在濰坊制作了世界上首個風箏，但放飛的第一天風箏就墜落并摔壞了。也有人相信風箏是中國古代木匠魯班發(fā)明的。據(jù)說他的風箏用木頭和竹子制作，飛了三天后才落地。InWeifang,ShandongProvince,kitesarenotonlytoys,butalsoculturalsymbolsofthiscity.Weifangisfamousas“thecapitalofkites”,withahistoryofnearly2,400yearsinflyingkites.LegendhasitthatMozi—theancientChinesephilosopher—spentthreeyearsmakingthefirstkiteoftheworldrightinWeifang,butthekitefellandbrokeonitsfirstdayofflying.ItisalsobelievedthatthekitewasinventedbytheancientChinesecarpenterLuban.Itissaidthathiskitewasmadeofwoodandbamboo,andfliedforthreedaysbeforefallingontheground.四級第三套烏鎮(zhèn)是浙江的一座古老水鎮(zhèn)，坐落在京杭大運河畔。這是一處迷人的地方，有許多古橋、中式旅店和餐館。在過去一千年里，烏鎮(zhèn)的水系和生活方式并未經歷多少變化，是一座展現(xiàn)古文明的博物館。烏鎮(zhèn)所有房屋都用石木建造。數(shù)百年來，當?shù)厝搜刂舆吔ㄆ鹆俗≌图?。無數(shù)寬敞美麗的庭院藏身于屋舍之間，游客們每到一處都會有驚喜的發(fā)現(xiàn)。WuzhenisanancientwatertowninZhejiangprovince，whichislocatedbytheGrandCanalofBeijingandHangzhou.Withmanyancientbridges,Chinese-stylehotelsandrestaurants,itisregardedascharmingandattractive.ThewatersystemandlifestyleofWuzhenhashardlychangedoverthepastonethousandyears,whichisamuseumdisplayingancientcivilizations.AllthehousesinWuzhenarebuiltofstoneandwood.Forhundredsofyears，thelocalpeoplehavebuilthousesandfairsalongtheriver.Countlessspaciousandbeautifulcourtyardslieamongthehouses，whichbringsamazingfindingstothetouristsarrivingthere.PartIWriting四級第一套DearProfessorSmith,IwouldliketoextendmysinceregratitudetoyouforyourunselfishassistancegiventomeduringmypreparationfortheCollegeEntranceExamination.Withoutyourtremendoussupportandcontinuousencouragement,Iwouldhaveneverenteredmyidealcollege.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatitisyourenlighteningguidancethatushersmeintotheacademicworld.Otherwise,Iwouldwandereverydayholdingnoaimsinlife.Foronething,yourcareandlovemadememeltintothewh