2022年安徽省巢湖市大學英語6級大學英語六級真題一卷(含答案)

2022年安徽省巢湖市大學英語6級大學英語六級真題一卷(含答案)學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

TokeeptheEarthoutofwarm,wecandestroytheMethanewith______.

A.greenhousegasB.sunlightC.waterD.oxygen

2.

Insuranceagainstrisksatanacceptablepricecanonlyberealizedwhentheamountofpeoplefacingthesimilarriskisquitelarge.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Laptopsequippedwith___________________canallowtheirownerstotemporarilydealwithofficeworkinsomepublicplaces.

4.

ThearticledemonstrateswhatwillhappenintheInformationMarketplacethroughthediscoveries.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.Amongdevelopedcountries,______spendsthegreatestshareofGDPonthepublicbroadcasting.

A.USgovernment

B.Britishgovernment

C.Germangovernment

D.Frenchgovernment

6.

Theschoolsadvocatingconstructivistmatharguethetraditionalparentsareaccustomedtobeingdeeplyinvolved______theirchildren'slives.

7.

A"SloppyJoe"combinescheeseandhamburgermeattogether.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

MarkTwaingotmarriedwhenhewas______yearsold.

9.WhatisthemainfindingofDonaldL.McCabe'ssurveys?

A.Moreundergraduatesadmittedtocopyingafewsentencesinwrittenassignments.

B.Lessundergraduatesadmittedtocopyingafewsentencesinwrittenassignments.

C.MoreundergraduatestakeplagiarismfromtheWebforgrantednowadays.

D.LessundergraduatesarecopyingfromtheWebthanearlierinthedecade.

10.

Theauthormaintainsasthemarketsdistributeothergoodsthroughouttheeconomyandcostsomethingtheycanbeseenas______.

11.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

TheDarkestSideofIDTheft

March9,2003—MalcolmByrdwashomeonaSaturdaynightwhenaknockcame.ThreeRockCountry,Wis.,sheriff'sofficersweretherewithawarrantforByrd'sarrest.Cocainepossession,withintenttodistribute,itsaid.Byrdtriedtotellthemthattheyhadthewrongman,thatitwasacaseofmistakenidentity.Buttheywouldn'tlisten.Insteadtheyputhiminhandcuffs(手銬)anddrovehimaway.

ItwasnothingnewforByrd,whohasspentmuchofthepastfiveyearstrying—unsuccessfully—totalkskepticalpoliceofficersoutofarrestinghim.Butthistime,itwasworse.Twodayslater,hewasstillinjail.

Thisistheworstthingforidentitytheftvictims.Losingyourcleancredithistoryisonething;losingyoufreedomisanother.AndvictimsofAmerica'sfastest-growingcrimearediscoveringtheyoftenhavemuchmoretoworryaboutthanthehundredsofhoursofpaperworktocleanupthefinancialmessassociatedwithIDtheft.Sometimes,theyhavetoworryaboutbeingpushedinjail—againandagain.

Alias(化名)BecomesaDisease

There'snothingnewaboutcriminalsusingaliasestoevadethelaw.Criminalsoftentrytogivetheirfriend'sname,address,anddateofbirthtocheatpolice.Buttheexplosionofidentitytheft,andthereadyavailabilityofstolendigitalfilesoninnoeentvictims,makesitjustaseasyforacriminaltogiveastranger'spersonaldataduringanarrest.Oncepolicebookasuspectunderafakename,thatmistakecanplagueavictimforlife.TheAliasbecomesadiseasetothetrueownerofthatcharacter.

Gettingnamesoffthoselistscanbeabigtask.Theproblemiscomplicatedbytheincreasingsophisticationoflawenforcementofficials."Officialsofcriminalrecordsare—forgoodreason—reluctanttoremoveinformationonceit'sbeenplacedinthedatabase,"saidBethGivens,executivedirectoroftheIdentityTheftClearingHouse.

HisWordAgainstaDatabase

InByrd'scase,hiswordhasneverbeenenough.ThesituationhaslefttheJanesville,Wis.,manthinkingaboutnamechanging.Withhisimpostor(冒名頂替者)stillcommittingcrimesandstillusinghisname,Byrdfearsanotherarrest."Idon'tfeelsafenow.WhenwedriveIfeeluncomfortable,"Byrdsaid."It'saffectedourlivesenormously."

TomSchroeder,afamouslawyer,confirmedmanyofthedetailofByrd'srepeatedrun-inswiththelaw."Mr.ByrdisworriedthatifheisinMilwaukeeCountyandgetsstoppedforsomereasonandtheofficerputsitintoacomputer,hemaystillcomeup,'Schroedersaid."AndIdon'tblamehim."

EffortstoeliminateByrd'scriminalrecordatthestateandfederallevelhaven'tsucceeded,Schroedersaid."IleftavoicemailonMr.Byrd'sphoneindicatingwe'dbehappytohelphimchangehisnameandhisSocialSecuritynumber."

HowItBegan

Byrd'snightmarebeganin1998,hesaid.AmanarrestedondrugchargesthatyearidentifiedhimselftolocaiofficialsasMalcolmByrd.

ThankstoanarticleinthelocalJanesvilleGazette,therealMalcolmByrdfoundoutabouttheidentitytheft,andheadedtothepolicetocorrecttheerror.Thepaperranacorrection,too.Butthatwashardlytheendofthenightmare.

Fourmonthslater,whenhewasstoppedforspeeding,Byrdfoundhimselffacedownonthepavement,handcuffed.Policerecordsstillshowedthathewaswantedfordrugdealing.

Thematterwascl

A.hewasavictimofidentitytheft

B.thepoliceofficersarrestedthewrongman

C.hewasfoundtopossesssomecocaine

D.hewaswantedbythepolice

12.

Manycitiesoffer______.that.cansaveyoumoneyandensureyoursafety.

13.

Thebookhasmorethanoneauthor.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Alternativesentencingisnowpracticedin______siatesandisspreadingfast.

15.

Theauthorsteppedoutoftheliftat______.

16.Whenreservingahotelroomwithyourcheckcard,youhavetodecidehowmuchmoneyinyouraccounthastobeonhold.

17.

Foranexam,thecrammeralwayschoosetowaituntil______.

18.Divorce

Forevery1,000marriedcouplesintheUK,13endupdivorcedaccordingtostatistics.Divorceisoftenacomplicatedandmessyprocess,andthrowsupmanypitfalls.

Divorceissues

Suchthornyissuesaswhethertosellyourhome,whichparentwilllookafteryourchildren,andhowitwillaffectanyloansyou-mayhave,willallhavetoberesolved.AndifyouaredivorcingyourpartnerinScotlandratherthaninEnglandandWalesthenanothersetoflawswillapply.

Formanycouples,obtainingadivorcehasneverbeeneasier.Theold-fashionedconceptofestablishingthat"onepartyisatfault"hasbeenconsignedtohistoryandtheimportantfacttoestablishnowisthattherelationshiphas"irretrievablybrokendown".

Incourtoronline?

Itisevenpossibletodivorceyourpartneronline,allowingyoutosaveonlegalcosts—andaccordingtoonlineexperts,thiscansaveyouabout￡700fromtheaverage￡800.However,thismethodisonlysuitableforverystraightforwardanduncontesteddivorces.

Alternatively,youcanapplyfordivorceatacountycourtinEnglandandWales,buttodothis,couplesmusthavebeenmarriedforatleastayear.

Thefirststageofdivorceisobtainingwhatisknownasa"Decreenisi(日后才生效的離婚判決書)".Thisisgrantedifthecourtissatisfiedthemarriagehas"irretrievablybrokendown",andthisisprovenbyshowingoneoffivethings:adultery(通奸行為);unreasonablebehaviour;desertiononthepartofonepartnerforatleasttwoyears;thatthecouplehavebeenseparatedfortwoyearsandbothspousesconsenttodivorce;orthatthecouplehavebeenseparatedforfiveyearn.

Yourspouse's"unreasonablebehaviour"mustbesointolerablethatnobodycouldreasonablyexpectyoutocarryonlivingwithhimorher.Itcouldinclude,forexample,financialrecklessness,drinking,gambling,orlackofemotionalsupport.Youcannotbaseyourdivorceonthisifyouthenlivetogetherforaperiodofmorethansixmonthsafterwards.Thisrulealsoappliestodesertion,andthediscoverythatadulteryhastakenplace.

Thesecondandfinalstageisobtaininga"Decreeabsolute"(絕對判決).Thedivorcecanbestoppedatanytimeuntilthisisgranted,soitisadvisabletosortoutallthefinancialandpracticaldetailsfirst.

Usingadivorcelawyer

If,asinthevastmajorityofcases,yourrelationshipiscomplicated,itisadvisabletoseeklegaladvicefromareputablefamilylawsolicitor,whowillbeabletoproperlyadviseyouaboutyourfightsandresponsibilities.

IfyouareunsurehowtogoaboutchoosingasolicitorthenitmightbeagoodideatoconsulttheLawSocietyortheFamilyLawSolicitorsAssociation,whokeepalistofaccreditedlawyers.AlternativelyvisittheCitizen'sAdviceBureauwhohasagreatdealofinformationregardingsuchmatters.

Whatarethealternatives?

Mediationisavoluntaryservicethatallowsyouandyourpartnertomeetwithatrainedandimpartialnegotiator(themediator)toclarifytheissues,discusstheavailableoptions,andreachdecisionsacceptabletoyouboth.Whilethemediatorwillmanagetheprocessofnegotiation,heorsheisnottheretopromoteeitherperson'sinterests.Thedecisionsareultimatelyyours.

Youwillstillrequiretheservicesofasolicitortoputyourdecisionsonpropertyorfinancialmattersintolegalform.Thegovernmentiskeenforpeopletoattendmediation,andthenumberofpeopleofferingthisservicehasvastlyincreasedinthelastfewyears.Youmayberequiredtoattendmediationsessionsifyourdivorceisfundedbylegalaid.FormoreinformationvisitourfeatureonMediation.

Whataboutthechildren?

Divorcecanbeespeciallyconfusingforchildren,whoarelikelytofeelbewilderedbyeventsandm

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Inordertopreventyourbooksfrombeingdamagedbyinsects,youshouldmakeyourlibraryavoid______.

20.Ifyoufailtosay"thankyou"tothereceptionists,theywillhavenegativeimpressionsofyou.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽力原文：M:IneedabookforEnglishtwo-twenty-oneandanotebook.

W:Allofthetextbooksareontheshelvesinthebackofthestore.Thenotebooksareovertherebythecashregister.

Q:Wheredidthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

(15)

A.Inabookstore.

B.Inalibrary.

C.Inaclassroom.

D.Inahotel.

22.(28)

A.Theylivedaluxuriouslifeandtheirdietwasverydelicate.

B.Theylivedahighlycivilizedcourtlife.

C.Theylivedaprimitivelifeandtheirtablemannerswereoftenrude.

D.Theylivedacomparativelyluxuriousbutnot-so-civilizedlife.

23.(18)

A.She'lldefinitelygetagoodgradebecauseshedidn'tuseInternetsources.

B.She'llprobablydobadlyonherpapersincesheusednothingbutInternetsources.

C.She'llgetabadgradebecausesheusedInternetsourcesratherthananythingelse.

D.Shewondershowwellshe'llperform.onherpaperforusingInternetsources.

24.【B9】

25.【B2】

26.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Therearemanywaystoloseweight.Firstofall,startsmall.Smallchangesarealoteasiertostickwiththandrasticones.Tryreducingthesizeoftheportionsyoueatandgivingupregularsodaforaweek.Onceyouhavethatdown,startgraduallyintroducinghealthierfoodsandexerciseintoyourlife.

Second,stopeatingwhenyou'refull.Lotsofpeopleeatwhenthey'rebored,lonely,orstressed,orkeepeatinglongafterthey'refulloutofhabit.Trytopayattentionasyoueatandstopwhenyou'refull.Slowingdowncanhelpbecauseittakesabout20minutesforyourbraintorecognizehowmuchisinyourstomach.Sometimestakingabreakbeforegoingforsecondscankeepyoufromeatinganotherserving.

Avoideatingwhenyoufeelupsetorbored,trytofindsomethingelsetodoinstead(awalkaroundtheblockoratriptothegymaregoodalternatives).Manypeoplefindit'shelpfultokeepadiaryofwhattheyeatandwhen.Reviewingthediarylatercanhelpthemidentifytheemotionstheyhavewhentheyovereatorwhethertheyhaveunhealthyhabits.Aregistereddietitiancangiveyoupointersonhowtodothis.

Third,eatlessmoreoften.Manypeoplefindthateatingacoupleofsmallsnacksthroughoutthedayhelpsthemtomakehealthychoicesatmeals.Stickacoupleofhealthysnacksinyourbackpacksothatyoucanhaveoneortwosnacksduringtheday.Addinghealthysnackstoyourthreesquaresandeatingsmallerportionswhenyousitdowntodinnercanhelpyoucutcalorieswithoutfeelingdeprived.

(27)

A.Becauseittakestimebeforeyourbrainrealizesthatyou'refull.

B.Becausethesloweryoueat,thelessyouabsorb.

C.Becauseit'shealthiertoeatslowly.

D.Becauseithelpstohumthefatinyourbody.

27.(32)

A.Differencesbetweenpeopleswillgraduallydisappear.

B.Thetourismindustrywillbecomeflourishing.

C.Theworldwillbecomemoreandmoreinteresting.

D.Peopleindifferentcountrieswillstillkeeptheirowncustoms.

28.(34)

A.Bymercilesslyexploitingwomenworkersintheclothingindustry.

B.Bythegreateffortofthefashiondesigners.

C.Bypayingattentiontothequalityinwomen'sclothing.

D.Byconstantlychangingthefashionsinwomen'sclothing.

29.聽力原文：M:Thewashingmachineinourapartmentismorethanseventeenyearsold,anditworkedjustfineuntillastnight.Now,Ican'tforthelifeofmegetittowork.

W:You'llneverbeabletogetsparepartsforit.Itmightbetimetoinvestinamorerecentmodel.

Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversationaboutthewashingmachine?

(16)

A.Itshouldhavelastedlonger.

B.Themanshouldbuynewpartsforit.

C.Themanshouldconsiderbuyinganewone.

D.Itwasn'tagoodinvestment.

30.(39)

31.【B8】

32.

【B7】

33.(25)

A.TheywillgototheGrill.

B.Theywillgotothelibrary.

C.Theywillgoswimming.

D.Theywillwalkhome.

34.(35)

A.Hoodsoftentakeplaceafterearthquakes.

B.Slidesoftentakeplaceafterearthquakes.

C.Slidesdonotoftentakeplaceafterearthquakes.

D.Disastersoftentakeplaceafterearthquake.

35.(22)

A.ItisconvenienttotravelinLondonbyunderground.

B.BanksareopenforthewholeweekexceptonSaturday.

C.Englishfoodisverydelicious.

D.Britishpeoplearefriendlytostrangers.

36.聽力原文：M:Thebook'sbeensellinglikehotcakessinceitwaslaunchedthreeweeksago.

W:Iunderstandthey'llberunningasecondprintsoon.AndIwillgogetoneatthecampusbookstorethisWednesday.Wouldyougowithmethen?

Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthebookfromtheconversation?

(17)

A.Itisverypopular.

B.ItwillbelaunchedthisWednesday.

C.It'snotsoldatthecampusbookstore.

D.Itranasecondprintthreeweeksago.

37.(33)

A.TointroducethecategoriesofbooksintheUSlibraries.

B.ToexplainrolesofdifferentUSlibraries.

C.TodefinethecirculationsystemofUSlibraries.

D.TodemonstratetheimportanceofUSlibraries.

38.聽力原文：W:OurEnglishteachertoldmethatthefinalexamwouldcoverthefirsttenUnitsoutofthetotaltwenty.

M:Really?IthoughtitwouldonlyincludethelastfourUnits.ThenImustspendthenextweektofinishthelessonswewillbeexamined.

Q:HowmanyUnitsmustthemanreviewnextweek?

(13)

A.SixUnits.B.FourteenUnits.C.SixteenUnits.D.TenUnits.

39.聽力原文：W:Iamsoexcitedjusttothinkaboutit!ThisismyfirsttriptoParis.Iwanttovisitalltheinterestingplacesthere.ButIamafraidthatIcan'tfindmywayaroundthere.

M:Don'tworryaboutthat.Justgivemeacallwhenyouhavetrouble.I'llbegladtoshowyouaround.Iamsofamiliarwiththeseplaces.

Q:Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?

(18)

A.TotakehertoParis.

B.Toshowherwhattheinterestingplacesare.

C.Toserveasherguide.

D.Tointroducehertohisfamilies.

40.聽力原文：Paces,likefingerprints,areunique.DidyoueverwonderhowitispossibleforustorecognizepeopleEvenaskilledwriterprobablycouldnotdescribeallthefeaturesthatmakeonefacedifferentfromanother.Yetaveryyoungchildorevenananimal,suchasapigeoncanlearntorecognizefaces.Wealltakethisabilityforgranted.Wealsotellpeopleapartbybowtheybehave.Whenwetalkaboutsomeone'spersonality,wemeanthewaysinwhichheorsheacts,speaks,thinksandfeelsthatmakethatindividualdifferentfromothers.

Likethehumanface,humanpersonalityisverycomplex.Butdescribingsomeone'spersonalityinwordsissomewhateasierthandescribinghisface.Ifyouwereaskedtodescribewhata"niceface"lookedlike,youprobablywouldhaveadifficulttimedoingso.Butifyouwereaskedtodescribea"niceperson,"youmightbegintothinkaboutsomeonewhowaskind,considerate,friendly,warmhearted,andsoon.Therearemanywordstodescribehowapersonthinks,feelsandacts.AnAmericanpsychologistfoundnearly18,000Englishwordscharacterizingdifferencesinpeople'sbehavior.Andmanyofususethisinformationasabasisfordescribing,ortypinghispersonality.Bookworms,conservatives,militarytypes:peoplearedescribedwithsuchterms.

Peoplehavealwaystriedto"type"eachother.ActorsinearlyGreekdramaworemaskstoshowtheaudiencewhethertheyplayedthevillains'ortheheroes'role.Infact,thewords"person"and"personality"comefromLatin,meaning"mask".Today,mosttelevisionandmovieactorsdonotwearmasks.Butwecaneasilytellthe"goodguys"fromthe"badguys'becausethetwotypesdifferinappearanceaswellasinactions.

(33)

A.Howtodistinguishpeople'sfaces.

B.Howtodescribepeople'spersonality.

C.Howtodistinguishpeoplebothinwardandoutward.

D.Howtodiffergoodpersonsfrombadpersons.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Over-cultivationandalongperiodofsoilerosionhadreducedthefertilityofmuchoftheUnitedStates'farmland.Forestshadbeencutorburnedtoprovideadditionalcropland.Inthemid1930s,aseriesofdryyearsresultedinextremecroplossesintheMidwest.ThewindsoftheGreatPlainscausedhugeduststormsonovergrazed(過度放牧的)lands.

Tomeetthischallengeaphilosophyoflanduseandconservationbegantodevelop.Governmentbureausbelievedfarmersneededtobeencouragedandeducatedonthevaluesofbetterland-usepractices.Theindependent-mindedfarmerssometimesfoundithardtoacceptthatsomeoneelseknewtheirbusinessbetterthantheydid,orthattheyshouldthinkintermsoflongrangeself-interestratherthannextyear'scrop.Governmentconservationagentswereemployedtodemonstratebettertechniques,andwhenfarmerssawthattheirneighborswhousednewmethodswereprospering,theybegantoadoptthenewmethods.Further,governmentincentiveswereofferedintheform.offreeserviceorevencashpaymenttoimprovetheirland.

Inthe1920s,demandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(緊縮)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.Thisperiodwasmoredisastrousforfarmersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefarmerswerenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingformachinery,seed,andfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.Thepricesoftheitemsfarmersboughtremainedconstant,whilepricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1930s.

In1929,theFederalFarmBoardwasorganized.Itestablishedtheprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand,andrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.

OneofthefirstmeasuresproposedbyPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct,whichwassubsequentlyenactedbyCongress.ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingleviedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedimmediatelythatachievedthesameresultofrestingsoilandprovidingflood-controlmeasures,butwhichwerebasedontheprincipleofsoilconservation.TheRooseveltAdministrationbelievedthatrebuildingthenation'ssoilwasinthenationalinterestandwasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens.

Accordingtothepassage,Americanfarmers______.

A.knewtheirbusinessbetterthananyoneelse

B.usuallycaredmoreabouttheirshort-terminterest

C.readilyadoptedbetteragriculturaltechniques

D.realizedthevaluesofbetterlandusebythemselves

42.

TothecountriesinSoutheastAsia,buildingatsunamimonitoringsystem

43.

Whichofthefollowinggroupswouldbemostconcernedwiththeissuesraisedbytheauthor?

A.Electricians.B.Environmentalists.C.Aviators.D.Teachers.

44.

Weknowfromthefirstparagraphthatpeopleinoldtimes______.

A.weremoreenthusiasticaboutthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology

B.hadastrongersenseofbeauty

C.over-dependentonlaborsavingdevices

D.paidmoreattentiontomaterialbenefits

45.

WhatmakestheAmericandeliberatelyunhappyaccordingtotheauthor?

46.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Scientistssaytheyhavehighhopesforadrugthatcouldonedayprovideanewform.oftreatmentforH1V-AIDS.Acompound,whichinterfereswithanelusiveproteinusedbytheHIVvirustoinfecthumancells,hasworkedextremelywellinmonkeys,Ifthe.drugproveseffectiveinhumantrials,scientistssay,itcouldbolster(加強)theeffectivenessoftwoexistingAIDSdrugs,particularlyinfightingdrug-resistantstrainsofthevirus.

Researchersatthepharmaceutical(制藥的)companyMerckareveryexcitedaboutanexperimentaldrug,whichhasworkedaswellinmonkeysinfectedwithaprimateversionofthevirusasanyoftheexistinganti-AIDSdrugs.

Itworksbyblockingoneofthreeproteins,orenzymes,theHIVvirususestogainentranceintoandinfecthumanimmunesystemcells.

Inhibitordrugshavebeendevelopedtoblocktwooftheproteins,toslowprogressionofthediseaseafterinfection.Theyhavebecomestandardtherapyasa"cocktail"forpeopleinfectedwithHIV.

Thoseenzymeserereversetranscriptase(轉錄酶)andprotease(蛋白酶).Thefirstconvertsthevirus'geneticmaterialintothatofitshostcells.Thesecondchopsuptheresultinglargerproteinsintosmallerpieces,producingsmallerviralparticlesthatinfectnewcells.

Thethirdprongofcellularattackisaproteincalledintegrase(整合酶),whichexpertssayhasbeenhardertoblock.OnceHIVfoolshostcellsbychangingitsgeneticinformationsoitcanenterthem,integraseactslikeacutandpasteoperationinawordprocessor,deletinganimmunecell'sgeneticmaterialandreplacingitwithitsown.

AnintegraseinhibitorwouldgivedoctorsathirdlineofattackagainstHIVinfection,accordingtovirologistDariaHazudaofthedivisionofVirusandCellBiologyatMerck.

"Thiswouldofferathirdclassofanti-retroviralmedicationsthatcanbecombinedwithreversetranscriptaseinhibitorsandproteaseinhibitors.Andsinceitisanewmechanismofaction,thesecompoundsareactiveagainstmulti-drugresistantvariants.SovariantsthatareresistanttoallcurrenttherapieshavebeenselectedinHIV-patients,"shesaid.

Currentanti-AIDSdrugseventuallybecomeresistanttotherapy,orstopworking,becausetheviruschangesitsshape.

Whileresearchersareencouragedbythesuccesswiththecompound'seffectivenessinmonkeytrials,developingadrugthatisequallyeffectiveinhumanscanbedifficult.

StevenYoungisexecutivedirectoroftheDepartmentofMedicinalChemistryatMerck.Hesays,ifscientistsfindacompoundthatisequallyeffectiveinpeople,thecompanywouldaskU.S.regulatorstospeedapprovalofthedrug.

"Yeah,Ireallythinkthat'swhatwe'rehopingfor,"hesaid."Imean,weneedtogetdatathatshowithasrobustanti-viraleffectsinpeople.Andifwe'reabletogetthatdata,Ithinkwewouldpetitionforfasttrackstatus."

Dr.Youngsaysanintegraseinhibitorhasthepotentialtopreventdrugresistance.

"Toensureourbestchancesofpreventingresistance,wewouldgivethisaspartofacocktailtherapy,"headded."AndIthinkit'sreallyourplanthatwewouldtestthiswithreversetranscriptaseinhibitorsandproteaseinhibitors,aswell."

Ifthedrugproveseffectiveinhumantrials,itcouldenhancetheeffectivenessofexistingAIDSdrugsin______.

47.

Anassistantstagemanager'sjobisdifficultbecausehehasto______.

A.doallkindsofstagework

B.workforlonghours

C.waitforabettercompany

D.actwell

48.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormainlyconcernsthat______.

A.femaleleaderscanchangethecourseofourpoliticalandeconomicfuture

B.whowillbenefitmostwhenthepoliticalpoweriscontrolledbywomen

C.whythepoliticalleadershipofwomenisonekindofworldcrises

D.thewaysinwhichwomencanobtaintheleadershipinthefuture

49.Movingfarmorequicklythanmanyhadthoughtlikelyorpossible,lawmakersinthe10-memberHouse-Senatecommitteeannouncedtheagreementafterlessthan24hoursofnegotiations.

SenateMajorityLeaderHarryReid:"Likeanynegotiation,thisinvolvedgiveandtake,andifyoudon'tmindmysayingsothatisanunderstatement."

Theagreementdropsthetotalto$789billion,whilebothSenateandHouse-passedmeasuresexceeded$800billion.

Acombinationoflowandmiddleincometaxcuts,makingupabout35percentofthebill,anddomesticspending,itssupporterssayitmeetsPresidentBarackObama'sgoalofcreatingorsavingasmanyas4millionjobs.

SusanCollinsofMainewasamongonly3moderateSenateRepublicanswhojoinedtheDemocraticmaj