(完整版)高考同位語從句詳解與習(xí)題

同位語一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾，限定或說明，這個名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。1.名詞作同位語Mr.Wang,mychild’steacher,willbevisitingusonTuesday.2.短語作同位語I,theoldestgirlinthefamily,alwayshadtocarefortheotherchildren.3.直接引語作同位語Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds,“Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?”但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問題：“多莉早死是因為它是一只克隆羊嗎？”4.句子作同位語ThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatlakes.巨大的海輪可以開到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。同位語從句用法一、同位語從句在句中的位置1.在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。(如news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等)I’vecomefromMr.Wangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我從王先生那邊得知一個消息，他說他今天下午不能來看你了。Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon．我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息。注：在名詞doubt“懷疑”后的同位語從句用whether連接；在nodoubt“不懷疑”之后的同位語從句用that連接。Wehavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.我們懷疑他們是否能準(zhǔn)時完成任務(wù)。

ThereisnodoubtthatZhangWeiwillkeephispromise.我們相信張衛(wèi)會守信的。2.有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。Thethoughtcametoherthatmaybeshehadleftthedooropenwhenshelefthome.她突然想起可能在她離開家時沒把門關(guān)上。Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity．他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。AwarmthoughtsuddenlycametomethatImightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother'sbirthday由于that從句太長，為避免句子失去平衡，此處用了間隔同位語從句二、同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有連詞(that，whether),連接代詞(what,who,whom,whose,which),連接副詞(how,when,where)等。（注：if,which不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。）1.連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注：引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that不能省略）Theideathatyoucandothisworkwellwithoutthinkingisquitewrong.你認(rèn)為不動腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯誤的。（that從句作idea的同位語）【注1】在某些名詞(如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣(should)+動詞原形。TherewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.【注2】引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。HegrabbedhissuitcaseandgavetheimpressionhewasboardingtheTokyoplane.他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機了。2.連詞whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注：if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句）Thequestionwhetherweshouldcallinaspecialistwasansweredbythefamilydoctor.我們是否請專家由家庭醫(yī)生來定。Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。3.連接代詞what,who,whom,whose,which引導(dǎo)同位語從句Ihavenoideawhatsizeshoesshewears.我不知道她穿幾號的鞋。Ihavenoideawhichwineisbest—it’samatterofpersonaltaste.我不知道哪種酒最好，這是個人口味的問題。Thequestionwhowilltakehisplaceisstillnotclear.4.連接副詞when,where,how,why引導(dǎo)同位語從句Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.到哪兒去度暑假，這個問題我們還沒有決定。Myoriginalquestion,whyhediditatall,hasnotbeenanswered.三、同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞(word除外)加以修飾。WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome？你在哪兒聽說我不能來？四、同位語從句與定語從句的的語法區(qū)別1．意義的不同同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾詞語通?？梢詣澋忍枺欢ㄕZ從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來：Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.聽到他要來這個消息我們很高興。(news的內(nèi)容就是thathewillcome，故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句)Wearegladatthenewsthathetoldus.聽到他告訴我們的這個消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制thenews的內(nèi)容的，即我們高興只是因為他告訴的這個news而不是其他的news，故that從句為定語從句)2.引導(dǎo)詞的不同what,how,if,whatever等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但不引導(dǎo)定語從句。3.引導(dǎo)詞的功能上的不同that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，它不充當(dāng)句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語從句時，它作為關(guān)系代詞，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。如上例thathetoldus中的that就充當(dāng)told的賓語。五、補充1.代詞it可用作同位語從句的先行詞。這個it常放在某些動詞或短語動詞后作賓語，同時兼作其后that同位語從句的先行詞。IoweittoyouthatIamstillalive.幸虧你，我現(xiàn)在還活著。有的語法學(xué)家把先行詞it后的that從句看作是動詞或介詞的真正賓語。一般認(rèn)為，這種it后的that從句應(yīng)看作it的同位語，因為它相當(dāng)于“主語+be+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)。Youmustsetoitthatthechildrendon'tcatchcold.(=Youmustseetoit,andItisthatthechildrendon'tcatchcold.)你要當(dāng)心，別讓孩子們著涼了。2.短語及固定句式后的同位語從句IwillcomeonconditionthatJohnisinvited.如果約翰也被邀請的話，我就來。簡析：短語Oncondition,onsupposition,ontheground(s),ontheunderstanding,withtheexception,inspiteofthefact,ontheassumption及句式Therebe+nodoubt(hope,chance,possibility,…)后的that從句為同位語從句。練習(xí)一用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空：Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.2.Ihavenoidea_____wecandowiththesewastematerials.3.____thedoctorreallydoubtsis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.4.Itishoped____naturewillneverbedestroyed.5.____doyouguesswillgiveatalkonEnglishtomorrow?6.--IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.--Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?7.Wordcame____Iwaswantedattheoffice.8.Doyouknow____ofthemwillbeournewheadmaster?9.Theteacherdidn’ttellme____wewerewrong.10.It’sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.B.單項選擇Itwastrue_____Alicedidsurprisedhermother.A.thatB.whatC.that,whatD.what,that2.Does____mattermuch____hecan’tcometothemeeting.A.it,ifB.that,ifC.it,whetherD.this,whether3.--Whatareyouanxiousabout?--____A.HowcanwesucceedB.WhetherwecansucceedC.WhencanwesucceedD.Thatwecansucceed4.Thereason____thelittleactresshasbeensuchasuccessis____sheisbothcleverandhard-working.A.why,whyB.why,thatC.that,becauseD.for,because5.____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Theperson6.Ireallydon’tknow_____Ihadthisphototaken.A.whereitwasthatB.itwasthatC.whereitwasD.itwaswhy7.?Dr.BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge.Ican’tremember____.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.that8.--WhatdoyouthinkofChina?--____differentlifeistodayfrom____itusedtobe.A.How,whatB.What,whatC.How,thatD.What,that9.Givethisto____youthinkcandotheworkwell.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever10.____troublesmeis____Ican’tlearnalltheseEnglishidiomsbyheart.A.That,thatB.What,whatC.That,whatD.What,that答案A.1.that2.what3.what,whether4.that5.who6.why7.that8.which9.where10.whateverB.1—5CABBB6—10ACACD練習(xí)二1.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which2.Thefact____hewassuccessfulproveshisability.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why3.Thenews____hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgrea