英語直接引語和間接引語

Iamthekingofthewholeworld.Whatdoesthelionsay?1Directspeech&ReportedspeechChuShuiExperimentalSchoolWangGuizhong2

DirectSpeechandReportedSpeech引語的概念直接引述別人的原話，叫____________;直接引語用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來，叫_________。間接引語直接引語通常都用____________括起來，引號(hào)“”間接引語在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)________。賓語從句3eg:Hesays:“IlikeEnglish.”HesaysthathelikesEnglish.注意：says在間接引語中做引用動(dòng)詞。句中引用動(dòng)詞says為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。定義：引用動(dòng)詞：用來引導(dǎo)間接引語的動(dòng)詞.用法:當(dāng)句中的引用動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候，將直接引語改為間接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。4Hesays:“Icleanedthefloor.”Hesaysthathecleanedthefloor.Theteachertellsus:“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”Theteachertellsusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.總結(jié)：當(dāng)引用動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候，將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語的時(shí)候，只有人稱發(fā)生了改變。5DirectSpeech

ReportedSpeechShesaid,“Ilikesinging.”Shesaid,“Iamwaitingforabus.”Shesaid,“IvisitedEuropelastyear.”Shesaid,“IhavenevermetanAmerican.”Shesaid,“Iwillseeyounextweek.”Shesaidshelikedsinging.Shesaidshewaswaitingforabus.ShesaidshehadvisitedEuropetheyearbefore.ShesaidshehadnevermetanAmerican.Shesaidshewouldseemethenextweek.6Note:1.直接引語是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)用連

詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句.2.當(dāng)引用動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句

中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、

地點(diǎn)狀語等相應(yīng)變化.7１、人稱的變化一隨主二隨賓第三人稱不變引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人稱變間引后與主句主語的人稱保持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主句賓語的人稱保持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人稱在變間引后人稱不變Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthatshe

likedtennis.HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythat

shemustgetupearly.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新8一隨主：將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，直接引語主語為第一人稱的時(shí)候，要隨主語變化。二隨賓：將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，直接引語主語為第二人稱的時(shí)候，要隨賓語變化。第三人稱不更新：將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，直接引語主語為第三人稱的時(shí)候，不發(fā)生變化。9直接引語

間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般過去時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)

過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)

過去將來時(shí)Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.”Theteachersaidthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.注:直引若是客觀真理,變?yōu)殚g引時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變.時(shí)態(tài)變化210

直接引語

間接引語指示代詞

時(shí)間狀語地點(diǎn)狀語方向性動(dòng)詞

this,

that,

these

those

now,

then,

today

thatday

thisweek

thatweek

yesterday

thedaybefore

lastweek

theweekbefore

fourdaysago

fourdaysbefore

thedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbefore

tomorrow

thenext/followingdaynextmonth

thenext/followingmonth

here

there

come,

go,bringtake

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

can,may,must

could,might,hadto11DirectSpeechReportedSpeechSheasked,“Haveyouseenthefilm?”Sheaskedmewhether\ifIhadseenthefilm.Heasked,“Areyouadoctor,John?”HeaskedJohnif\whetherhewasadoctor.Sheaskedus,“Whereareyougoingtogetoff?”Sheaskeduswhereweweregoingtogetoff.Heaskedthem,“Whogaveyouatalkyesterday?”Heaskedthemwhohadgiventhematalkthedaybefore.12

直接引語是疑問句，變間接引語時(shí)，要從疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。直接引語是一般疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),用連詞if或whether連接。直接引語是特殊疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),仍用原來的疑問詞作連詞來引導(dǎo)。Note:13DirectSpeechReportedSpeech“Neverdothatagain,”theteachersaid．Thepolicemanorderedustobequiet.Thepolicemanordered:“Bequiet.”Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow

Theteachersaidtotheboy,”O(jiān)penthewindow.”Theteachertoldmenot/nevertodothatagain．“Waitamoment．”shesaidtothem.Sheaskedthemtowaitamoment.14直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語，把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定式，并在動(dòng)詞不定式前加tell,ask,order,advise等動(dòng)詞的賓語。注意：否定句，在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not或never.Note:15解題步驟:1.陳述句“Idon’tlikecomputers,”

Sandysaidtoherfriends.Sandysaidtoherfriendsthat

Idon’tlike

computers.saiddidn’tsheSandysaidtoherfriends

that

she

didn’tlikecomputers.162.一般疑問句:Isiteasytoworkouttheproblem?(Theyaskedhim)They

askedhimifItiseasytoworkouttheproblem.it

is

easytoworkouttheproblem.askediswasTheyaskedhim

if

itwaseasytoworkouttheproblem.173.特殊疑問句：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)Theyaskedhimwhenyouharvestthewheatyouharvestthewheat.heharvestedTheyaskedhim

whenheharvested

thewheat.184.祈使句Littleboy,putonyourcoat.(Theyordered)Theyordered

Littleboy

Littleboy,putonyourcoat.

putonyourcoat.toput

Theyordered

thelittleboy

toput

onhis

coat.his

19注意事項(xiàng)1)人稱2)時(shí)態(tài)3)相應(yīng)的時(shí)間地點(diǎn)狀語4)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)5）大小寫6）問號(hào)改為句號(hào)7）語序---疑問改陳述8）賓語從句由什么引出9)祈使句要使用動(dòng)詞不定式來引述20Exercises:1).

BettysaystoHarry,"Iwanttoborrowyourbook.”2).Myteachersaid,“sheisagoodstudent.”BettysaystoHarry(that)shewantstoborrowhisBook.Myteachersaidthatshewasagoodstudent.213)Sheaskedme,”Doyouagreewithme?”4)Anneaskedhermother,“Isthereanydeliciousfoodtoeat?”Sheaskedme

ifIagreed

with

her.Anne

asked

her

mother

iftherewas

anydelicious

food

to

eat.225)“Whatareyougoingtodo?”heasked.

6）“Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?”askedMr.Zhang.HeaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodo.Mr.ZhangaskedhowIwenttoschooleveryday.237).Momsaid,“Don‘tchatwithstrangers．”8).“Goshoppingwithme,please?”saidMr.Wang.Momtold

me

nottochatwithstrangers.Mr.Wangaskedmetogoshoppingwithhim.241.‘YourclassmateswillvisitMissWangthisSunday.’MrLisaidtome.MrLitoldme

.2.‘Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.’Everybodyinourclassknew.Everybodyinourclassknew_______________.3.‘PleasetakegoodcareofmydogwhenIamaway.’MrsWhitesaidtoher.MrsWhite

her

.4.Thedoctorsaidtome,‘don’tsmokeanymore.’Thedoctor_____________

__________

.5.‘Jack,couldyouopenthewindowforme,please?’MrSmithsaid.MrSmith______Jack_______thewindow

.256.‘Whattimedidhegetupthismorning?’Pleasetellus．Pleasetellus_____________

____

____________.7.Ourclassteachersaidtohimyesterday,‘pleasecomeearlynexttime.’

Yesterdayourclassteacher_______him______

_____.8.‘Canyoucomehereatonce?’ThemanageraskedKateonthephone.ThemanageraskedKateonthephone

.9.Thepolicewanttofindout,‘Isthereapictureofthelostboyinthenewspaper?’Th