2018年高考英語江蘇專用文檔：專題三 閱讀理解 第三步 題型突破（八） 含答案

學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精題型突破(八)主旨大意之標題歸納題A（2017·鹽城南洋中學月考)Iamastrongbelieverthatifachildisraisedwithapproval,hewilllearntolovehimselfandwillbesuccessfulinhisownway。Severalweeksago，Iwasdoinghomeworkwithmysoninthethirdgradeandhekeptstandingupfromhischairtogooverthemathlines。Ikeptaskinghimtositdown,tellinghimthatheshouldconcentratebetter.Hesatbutsecondslater,asifhedidn'tevennoticehewasdoingit，hegotupagain.Iwasgettingfrustrated,butthenithitme.Istartednoticinghisanswersweremuchquickerandaccuratewhenhestoodup。Couldhebemoreintentwhilestandingup?ThismademestartquestioningmyselfandwhatIhadbeenraisedtobelieve。Iwasraisedtobelievethataquiet，calmchildwasasurewaytosuccess.Thischildwouldhavethedisciplinetostudyhard，getgoodgradesandbecomesomeoneimportantinlife。NowthosesamepeopleperhapscometorealizethattheirkidsarebornwiththeirownsetsofDNAandpersonalitytraits，andallyoucandoislovingandacceptingthem。Asparents,throughouttheirgrowingyearsandbeyondthat，weneedtobeourkids’bestcheerleaders，guidingthemandhelpingthemfindtheirway.Ihavestoppedaskingmysontositdownandconcentrate.Obviously，heisconcentratingjustinhisownwayandnotmine.Weneedtolearntoacceptourkids'waysofdoingthings。Somewaymayhaveworkedformebutdoesn'tmeanweneedtocarryitthroughgenerations。Thereisnothingsweeterthanbeingindividualandunique。Itmakesusfreeandhappyandthat’sjustthewayIwantmykidstolivetheirownlife.語篇解讀作者通過輔導(dǎo)孩子寫作業(yè)的經(jīng)歷意識到用傳統(tǒng)的教育方式約束孩子已不再適用，父母應(yīng)該引導(dǎo)和幫助孩子找到適合他們自身的學習方法，培養(yǎng)他們獨特的個性，進而促使他們獲得成功。

1．Atthebeginning，theauthortriedtokeephissonseatedinordertomakehim。A．paymoreattentiontohisstudy B．keepsilentintheroomC．finishhishomeworkontime D．getrightanswers答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Ikeptaskinghimtositdown，tellinghimthatheshouldconcentratebetter.”可知,作者讓他兒子坐下來是想讓他更專心地學習。故選A.2．Inspiredbythecaseofhisson，theauthorbegantodoubt.A．theimportanceofparentsB．theoldformofeducationC．therelationshipbetweenkidsandtheirparentsD．thegoodgradesofsomekids答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段尤其是第一句“ThismademestartquestioningmyselfandwhatIhadbeenraisedtobelieve.”可知,作者開始懷疑傳統(tǒng)的教育方式是否正確.故選B.3．Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementsisRIGHT?A．Weshouldhelpkidscorrecttheirwrongways.B．Parentsshouldstudytheirkids'DNA.C．Kidsshouldbetaughttobehavethemselves。D．Parentsshouldloveandaccepttheirkids。答案D解析細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第四段中的“..。andallyoucandoislovingandacceptingthem。"可知，父母應(yīng)該關(guān)愛并接受他們的孩子。故選D。4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．StudyHardandYou’llBeSuccessfulB．BeFriendlytoYourChildrenC．Children'sSuccessinTheirOwnStyleD．Parents’HelpwithTheirChildren’sStudy答案C解析標題歸納題。文章第一段開門見山地提出了本文的主題，如果孩子得到了認同，就能學會自愛并用自己的方式取得成功，所以C項最能概括文章大意。B(2016·鹽城三模）For150millionyearsduringtheageofthedinosaurs，agroupofdolphin—likereptilescalledichthyosaursruledtheocean—untileverythingstartedtogowrong.Aftermultiplyingintoabout100knownspecies，ichthyosaursbegantodisappearfromtheoceansaroundthemiddleoftheCretaceousperiod,atimeofturbulentchangesintheenvironment。Theaquaticreptileswentextinct28millionyearsbeforetherestoftheirdinosaurcohort。Scientistshavebeenunabletofindasingularcataclysmicevent，suchasavolcaniceruptionormeteoritestrike，whichcouldexplainichthyosaurs'abruptdisappearancefromthefossilrecord。Nowresearchershavenewexplanationforthelizardfish’sdemise：Theyhadlosttheirabilitytoadapttoaswiftlychangingclimate。TheaquaticlizardsthrivedthroughouttheearlyyearsofthedinosaursinthePermian，TriassicandJurassicperiods。ThencametheCretaceousperiod。Thatwasaturbulent(動蕩不安的)timetoliveonEarth。Thepoleswerenearlyice-free,causingsealevelstoreachgreatheights。Temperatureswereamongthehottesttheplanethasseeninthelast250millionyears。Scientistshaveblamedthedemiseoftheichthyosaursontheirinabilitytokeepupwithotherpredatorsorthelossofkeypreyspecies。ButanewstudybyValentinFischer，apaleontologistwhostudiesichthyosaursattheUniversityofLiegeinBelgium，andhiscolleaguessaysneitheroftheseexplanationscouldaccountforthescaleandspeedofthedieoff.WritinginthejournalNatureCommunications，F(xiàn)ischerandhiscolleaguesarguethattheunstableclimatecontributedtothedisappearanceofichthyosaursduringa5-millionto6-million—yearwindowintheCretaceousknownastheCenomanianstage?！癢hiletherisingtemperaturesandthehigherseadidn’thadadirecteffectontheichthyosaurs，theycouldhaveplayedanindirectroleintheirdecline，”Fischersaid。“Thechangingclimatecouldhavemadetheirfoodmorescarce，ordisruptedmigratoryroutesandbirthingplaces，amongotherconsequences。"Despitetheirvarietyofbodyshapesandsurvivalstrategies,ichthyosaurswereunabletokeepupwithallofthesechanges，thestudyauthorswrote。TheyreachedthisconclusionbycomparingthegeologicalrecordoftheCretaceoustoanewlyreconstructedhistoryofichthyosaurevolutionbasedonmuseumspecimensandareviewofinformationinpreviouslypublishedstudies.Whatbecameclearwasthattheichthyosaursextinctioncoincidedwithglobalclimateshiftsandtheanimals’slowerrateofevolution,whichleftthemunabletoadaptastheirenvironmentchanged，thestudyfound.“Theywereprobablyverywelladaptedtotheirniches，andtheirenvironmentswereprobablyprettystable,"Fischersaid。“Thatcouldhaveloweredthepressureofnaturalselectionandthusloweredtheirratesofevolution?！盩hinkoftheCenomanianstageasatransitionperiod.語篇解讀本文是說明文，題材是科普知識類.本文介紹了魚龍ichthyosaur滅絕的原因。5．Theunderlinedword“That”inParagraph6referstotheperiodof.A．Permian B．TriassicC．Jurassic D．Cretaceous答案D解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“ThencametheCretaceousperiod.”可知，魚龍一直活到了白堊紀時代。第六段緊接著說,這是地球上生存的動蕩時期?？梢妕hat指白堊紀時代。故選D項。6．Fischerandhiscolleaguescametotheirconclusionby。A．makingcomparisonsB．conductingexperimentsC．a(chǎn)nalyzingsamplesD．observingweatherchanges答案A解析細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段“TheyreachedthisconclusionbycomparingthegeologicalrecordoftheCretaceoustoanewlyreconstructedhistoryofichthyosaurevolution。..”可知，F(xiàn)ischer和他的同事們是通過比較得出結(jié)論的。故選A項.7．Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbeusedtoconcludethelastbutoneparagraph？A．Nopains，nogains.B．Nomaniswiseatalltimes.C．Abadbeginningmakesabadending.D．Surviveindisasters，perishincomfort。答案D解析段落大意題.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,Fischer認為，魚龍很可能十分適應(yīng)它們的生態(tài)區(qū)位，它們的環(huán)境也很可能是穩(wěn)定的，那樣的話可能降低了自然選擇的壓力,因而降低了它們的進化速度?！癝urviveindisasters,perishincomfort。"(生于憂患死于安樂)，符合本段內(nèi)容。故選D項。8．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ANewResearchFocusedontheHistoryofIchthyosaurEvolutionB．ASwiftClimateChangeFollowedtheDisappearanceofIchthyosaursC．ClimateChangeTaughtAncientIchthyosaursaLesson:AdaptorDieD．IchthyosaursRuledtheOceanfor150MillionYearsBeforeDisappearing答案C解析標題歸納題?？v覽全文可知,文章的主題是，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)魚龍滅絕的原因是它們失去了適應(yīng)氣候變化的能力。因此，題目為“氣候變化給古代魚龍一個教訓(xùn):適應(yīng)或滅亡”，符合文章內(nèi)容.故選C項。C（2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模）Aperson’schancesoffallingillfromanewstrain(菌株)offluareatleastpartlydeterminedbythefirststraintheyevermetwith，astudysuggests.ResearchinScienceJournallookedatthe18strainsofinfluenzaA(甲型流感)andthehemagglutininprotein（紅血球凝集素蛋白）onitssurface。Theysaythereareonlytwotypesofthisproteinandpeopleareprotectedfromtheonetheirbodymeetsfirst，butatriskfromtheotherone。AUKexpertsaidthatcouldexplaindifferentpatternsinflupandemics（流行?。甌heresearchers，fromtheUniversityofArizonainTucsonandtheUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles，suggesttheirfindingscouldexplainwhysomefluoutbreakscausemoredeathsandseriousillnessesinyoungerpeople.Thefirsttimeaperson'simmunesystemmeetsafluvirus,itmakesantibodiestargetingthehemagglutininproteinthatsticksoutofthesurfaceofthevirus-likealollipop(棒棒糖)．Eventhoughthereare18typesofinfluenzaA,thereareonlytwoversionsofhemagglutinin。Theresearchers，ledbyDrMichaelWorobey，classedthemas“blue"and“orange”lollipops.Theysaidpeoplebornbeforethelate1960swereexposedto“bluelollipop"fluviruses-H1orH2—aschildren。Inlaterlifetheyrarelyfellillfromanother“bluelollipop”flu—H5N1birdflu，buttheydiedfrom“orange”H7N9.Thoseborninthelate1960sandexposedto“orangelollipop”flu-H3—havetheoppositepattern.HisteamlookedatcasesofH5N1andH7N9-twokindsofbirdfluwhichhaveaffectedhundredsofpeople，buthavenotdevelopedintopandemics。Theresearchersfounda75％protectionrateagainstseverediseaseand80%protectionrateagainstdeathifpatientshadbeenexposedtoaviruswiththesameproteinversionwhentheywerechildren。DrWorobeysaidthefindingcouldexplaintheunusualeffectofthe1918“Spanishflu"pandemic，whichwasmoredeadlyamongyoungadults.“ThoseyoungadultswerekilledbyanH1virusandfrombloodanalysedmanydecadeslaterthereisaprettystrongindicationthatthoseindividualshadbeenexposedtoamismatchedH3aschildrenandwerethereforenotprotectedagainstH1。ThefactthatweareseeingexactlythesamepatternwithcurrentH5N1andH7N9casessuggeststhatthesamefundamentalprocessesmaygovernboththehistoric1918pandemicandtoday’scontenders(斗爭者)forthenextbigflupandemic。"JonathanBall，professoroftheUniversityofNottingham，said，“Thisisareallyneatpieceofworkandprovidesareasonwhyhumanpopulationshavebeensensitivetodifferentstrainsofbirdinfluenzaoverthepast100yearsorso.Thefindingsarebasedonanalysisofpatientrecordsandtheycertainlyneedfurtherproofinthelaboratory,butnonethelesstheresultsareprettyamazingandinspiring。”語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個人遭遇的第一種流感菌株會對其感染了新的流感菌株后的發(fā)病率甚至死亡率產(chǎn)生影響。

9．Thefindings，ifproved，willhelppeople。A．protectthemselvesfromfluattacksB．a(chǎn)nalyzemoreclearlytherecordsofapatientinfectedwithbirdfluC．findoutwhoareeasiertogetinfectedwithbirdfluthanothersD．findnewdrugstocurepatientsoffluinfections答案C解析細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第四段中的“。..theirfindingscouldexplainwhysomefluoutbreakscausemoredeathsandseriousillnessesinyoungerpeople.”，第六段中的“Theresearchersfound.。.ifpatientshadbeenexposedtoaviruswiththesameproteinversionwhentheywerechildren。”和第七段中的“。..thefindingcouldexplaintheunusualeffect.。。thereforenotprotectedagainstH1.”可知，如果被證實了的話,這些研究結(jié)果將幫助人們弄清楚哪些人比其他人更容易感染禽流感。10．Theresearchersuse“bluelollipop"and“orangelollipop”fortwoversionsofhemagglutinininordertoproduce.A．a(chǎn)goodvisualeffectB．a(chǎn)goodlogiceffectC．a(chǎn)neffectofbeingabstractD．a(chǎn)neffectofbeingclear答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容可知,研究人員將血凝素的兩種變體歸類為“藍色”棒棒糖和“橙色"棒棒糖，是為了清楚地指出生于不同年代的人會受到哪種流感病毒的影響，會對哪種流感病毒有抗體，故選D。11．WhilewhatDrWorobeysaidisfocusedonthefacts,JonathanBall’sremarksontheresearcharefocusedon.A．thepopularityoftheresearchB．challengesandcurrentsituationsC．summariesandfutureplansD．evaluationandinfluences答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段JonathanBall所說的話可知,JonathanBall的言論關(guān)注的是對研究的評價以及研究的影響。12．Whatcanserveasthebesttitleofthispassage？A．CureforBirdFluNotFarAwayB．FirstFluAffectsLifetimeRiskC．NewClassificationofFluPandemicsD．HowBirdFluAffectsPeople答案B解析標題歸納題.縱觀全文尤其是第一段的內(nèi)容可知，人因感染新的流感菌株而生病的概率至少部分取決于他們曾經(jīng)遭遇的第一種流感菌株。也就是說，人們首次遭遇的流感菌株對其日后患流感的風險有很大的影響.故B項作本文標題最佳.D(2017·鎮(zhèn)江一模）OnesteamyJulyafternooninCentralArkansas，Iwasworkingonanimportantprojectinmyhomeofficewithadearfriendandcolleague。Mytrustyprinterwaschurningout(快速生產(chǎn))atime—sensitivereportwhenitsimplystopped.Afterfifteenminutesoftryingtorepair，Idecidedtobuyanewprinter.Uponourreturn，myheartfrozetoseemyhouseonfire。Despitehavingspentmuchofmylifewriting，Iwasstilllostforadequatewordstodescribethesick,sinkingfeelingofseeingmyhome，business，andbelongingsgoingupinflamesalongwithphotographsandmemoriescollectedoveralifetime.Butthepanicthatfilledmyshockedheartinthatawfulmomentwasfortheninecatsthatsharedmyhomeafterbeingrescuedfromsituationsofabuseandabandonment。Respondingtoanearlysecuritysystemwarning，theamazingfirefightersarrivedinrecordtime，butthechemical-ladensmokehadalreadycauseddeaths。Iexaminedandkissedeachcatgoodbye，extremelygratefulthattheyhadpassedawaygently，withoutinjuriesorburns。Onlyanimalloversreallyunderstandtheunbelievableimpactthatthelossofonebelovedfour—leggedfamilymembercanhaveonyourheart，mindandsoul.Thelossofsomanydearlylovedcreaturessentmereeling(發(fā)暈）．Afterstayingwithanothergreatfriendforacoupleofweeks，Iwasrelocatedtoafurnishedapartment。Oneevening，aboutamonthaftermovingin，Iwasoccupiedinwritingamysterynovelwhenafalsetto“meow”soundedfromoutsidetheapartmentdoor。Wasitmymindplayingtricksagain?MorethanonceIhadheard，seenorfeltthebrushofoneofmydepartedfurryroommates。Themeowgrewlouderandmoreinsistent.Curious，Iopenedthedoor.Sittingonthedoorstepwasakitten(小貓)withanexoticblackcoatandalertambereyes。Aneighborwalkingbypickedhimupandbeganpettinghim.WhenIremarkedhowcuteherkittenwas，sheexplainedthathehadbeenbornunderabridgeandlookedaroundforfood。Thiskitty—lovingneighborwasquicktoofferanextralitterboxifIwasinterestedingivinghimahome.Myimmediatereactionwasafacetious(開玩笑的）“that’sallIneed!”Afterall,myresolution（決心)hadbeenwellreasonedandremainedfirm.Butwithouthesitationsheputtheadorablekittendown.Ithankedherandclosedthedoor,resolvedtojustlethimstayuntilarealhomecouldbefound。Thatnight，asIslidbetweenthesheetsofthestillunfamiliarbedinthestillunfamiliarapartment，theenergeticlittlefurballjumpedontothebed，yawneddramatically，andnestledbymyside.Thosewhohaveneversharedasleepwithacreatureortwomaynotrelate，butthatwasthefirstnightsincethefirethatIactuallyslept。Stubbornlydeterminednottoopenmyselftomoreanimals-tomorepain—IhadrefusedtoadmithowdesperatelyImissedhavingawarmfuzzycuddled(依偎)close。Needlesstosay，thecatcommunityknewthepreciseprescriptionforhealingfarbetterthanI．ThenameStarlight(Starforshort)seemedperfectbecausethatnighthebroughtsomelightbackintomylife.Staradoreswrestlingrubberbands，racesupanddownthestairs，dartsoutsideanytimethedooropens，suddenlyappearseverywhereIdon’twanthimtobe，holdsontothebroomwhileI’mtryingtosweep，androllsincatniporwhateverelsehappenstobeonthefloor.Inhindsight(事后看來)，abetternamemighthavebeen“Star，StopIt！”Inthefiveyearssincethefire,wehavebeenthroughalot，StarlightandI．Wereturnedtothehouse，managedtokeepthebusinessalive，broughtthemysterynoveltothefinaleditsbeforeit’ssubmittedinhopesofpublication，andmadealotmoreresolutions。Starlighthelpedmethroughthemassive，yetuntraditional，healingofspirit.Thememoriesofthekittiesthatpassedawayinthefirenowsparkonlywarmthinmyheartandwinsomesmiles。Everysingleday，Iappreciatetheserendipitous（有意外收獲的）natureoftheUniversethatsentmehopeintheformofalittleblackfurball。Sotakealittleadvicefrommyfurryfriend：nomatterhowhopelessthingsmaybecomeorhowfixedyourresolutionmaybe，openthedoorwheneveropportunityknocks。Itjustmightbeastartolightyourway。語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者和貓的不解之緣.13．Whatmadetheauthorrelievedafterthefirewasputout?A．Anewprinterhelpingfinishthetime-sensitivereport。B．Adescriptionofthebelongingsgoingupinflames.C．Thecatsbeingrescuedfromsituationsofabandonment.D．Thecatsbeingdeadwithoutreceivinginjuriesinthefire.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Iexaminedandkissedeachcatgoodbye，extremelygratefulthattheyhadpassedawaygently，withoutinjuriesorburns?！笨芍?，大火撲滅后令作者欣慰的是雖然他的貓去世了，但它們在大火中并沒有受傷.故選D項。14．Whatprobablycausedtheauthortoopenthedoor?A．Theideaofseeinghisbelovedfour-leggedfamilymemberagain。B．Theimpactofthelossoflovedcreaturesonhismindandsoul.C．Thebrushofhisdepartedfurryroommatesplayingtricksonhim。D．Thecuriosityaboutthenovelwritteninmemoryofhiscats。答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Wasitmymind。.。Themeowgrewlouderandmoreinsistent。Curious，Iopenedthedoor?！笨芍?作者抱著能再次看到自己心愛的貓回來的好奇心打開了門.故選A項.15．Whatdo