滬教牛津版九年級上Unit1Wisemeninhistory知識點歸納

1、Unit 1 Wise men in history(1)第一課基礎(chǔ)知識點一、必記單詞golden adj.金的；金色的 agreement n.同意；應(yīng)允doubt v.不能肯定;對沒把握truth n.真相；實情solve v.解決；處理bowl n.碗；盆metal n.金屬prison n.監(jiān)獄；牢獄correct adj.準確無誤的；正確的Olympics n. pl.奧運會pot n.罐r(nóng)eal adj.真的；正宗的seem v.好像；似乎fill v.裝滿；注滿brave adj.勇敢的；無畏的certain adj.確定的；肯定的hit v. （hit, hit）（用手或器具）

2、擊;打mistake n. 錯誤less det.（與不可數(shù)名詞連用）較少的；更少的、常考短語in ancient Greece 在古希臘(be) happy with (對某人或事物) 滿意的 =be pleased/satisfied withfill with用把裝滿be filled with=be full of 充滿;裝滿 go straight to “直奔，直接去”ask sb for sth向某人要某物 send sb to prison 把某人關(guān)進監(jiān)獄 make sure 確保；設(shè)法保證 both and和者Bthink about = consider 考慮；思考run

3、over 溢出each other互相；彼此one the other 個.另一個 .tell the truth 說實話something else 別的東西pay attention to (to 為介詞)leave sb alone不打擾某人； 不驚動某人(leave me alone)not any longer=no longersend sth to sb-=send 把某物寄 /送給某人be made of + 看得見的原材料由制成 cut up切割開；切碎be made from + 看不見的原材料由制成 takeoff領(lǐng)走；帶走；使離開be made by + sb.被某人制

4、成at the beginning of 在的開頭三、常用句型：- as one can 盡可能， 相當于 asas possiblesb. in/on +the +身體部位，打某人的某個部位（身體部位較硬或凸起，用on；部位較軟或下凹, 用in）of the+adj最高級+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) 最的之一to do sth.試圖做某事，盡力做某事is believed that6. be (not) allowed to do sth (不)被允許做某事to do sth 讓/使做某事to do sth 開始做某事四、辨析1.辨析：win 與 beatWin(won,w on)及物動詞賓語表示比賽、獎

5、品、戰(zhàn)爭、榮譽等 名詞He won the argument./、及物動詞“獲勝”Who wonhe won.Beat(bea t,beaten)及物動詞意為“擊敗”賓語為比賽或競爭對象China beat the United States by two to one./、及物動詞意為“（風雨）等拍打；（心臟）跳動”I felt my heart beating faster.2.辨析：else 與 otherelse副詞用于不定代詞( anything,something,nothing 等)、疑問詞(what, who,where)后other形容詞或代詞做形容詞時，放在名詞前作定語；作

6、代詞時，常與定冠詞the連用，構(gòu)成onethe other,表?。▋烧咧校┮粋€另外一個Eg:who else will go with us Where are the other students I have two pens,one is red,and the other is blue.3.辨析：discover 與 invent這兩個詞都用作及物動詞，都指人們首先見到新鮮事物，但含義不同discover發(fā)現(xiàn)指發(fā)現(xiàn)或偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)原本存在的，但一直未被認識或不為人知的東西invent發(fā)明指創(chuàng)造發(fā)明出新的、原來井/、存在的東西Recently they discovered gold.最近他

7、們發(fā)現(xiàn)了 黃金。Edison invented the electric light bulb.愛迪生發(fā)明了 電燈泡。4.辨析:at first 與 first of allat first起初；當初相當于 at the beginning,與后來發(fā)生的事相對照，其反義詞組為at last （最后，終于）first of all首先，第一相當于first,表示順序，是時間上或一系列行動的開始，后面往往接next, then 等At first I didn't want to go,but I soon changed my mind.起初我不想去，可是不久我改變了主意。First o

8、f all,open the windows,then turn off the gas,and if necessary,call an ambulance.首先，打開窗子，然后關(guān)掉煤氣，如果需要，叫一輛救護車5 .辨析：however 與 but二者都有“然而，但是”的意思，其區(qū)別如下：however然而； 不過比較止式， 如在句中，可以放在分句之首、之中或之尾；其前面或后面要用逗號隔開， 其前后都要加逗號。but但是轉(zhuǎn)折的思味比however要強，從語序上看，but總是置于引出的分句之首。It's raining hard,however,they're still wo

9、rking in the field.雨下得很大，然而他們?nèi)匀辉诘乩锔苫?。I'd like to go swimming with you,but I have to tidy the garden now.我很想和你一起去游泳，但是我現(xiàn)在必須整理花園。6 .辨析：real 與 truereal強調(diào)客觀存在，并非想象的或虛構(gòu)的，即某 物外表與實質(zhì)之間后一致性Christmas Father isn't a real person.圣誕老人不是真實的人物。true強調(diào)事實與實際情況相符，并非杜撰、捏造 的，符合f標準、f模式Is it true that he is dead 他

10、夕匕 了 ,是真的嗎7.辨析：be made of 與 be made frombe made of看得出原材料The table is made of wood.這張桌十是由木頭做成的be made from看不出原材料The wine is made from grain.這酒是用糧食釀造的?！局锌兼溄印緽ooks are made paper while paper is mainly made wood.A. of;of B. from;from C. of;fromD. from;of8.辨析：notany longer/no longer 與 not any more/no mor

11、enotany longer/no longer:多指時間上不再延續(xù)，與之搭配的詞多為延續(xù)性動詞notany more/no more 側(cè)重程度或在數(shù)量上不再增加I don't want to stay here any more.The poor boy wont come any more./the poor boy will no more come.9.辨析：see sb doing sth 與 see sb do sthsee sb doing sth看到某人正在做某事I saw her cross the road.穿過了 馬路）see sb do sth看到某人做了某事，

12、指看到動作發(fā) 生的全過程或看到動作經(jīng)常發(fā)生I saw her crossing the road（E 在過馬路）與止匕相同的詞 （組）：watch,hear,notice,observe,look at,listen to10.辨析：the next day 與 next daythe next day第二天,常與一般過去式連用The next day,all the books were sold out.next day明天，常與一般將來時連用Next day,I will go shopping with him.11. 辨析：dress, wear,put on,have on 與 i

13、ndress給（某人）穿衣服表動作后接 sb./oneself 作賓語 she dressed himself quickly.wear表狀態(tài)后接衣服、首飾、鞋帽等名詞 we wear uniforms at school.put on穿上表動作后接衣服，鞋帽等名詞 please put on your hat.have on表狀態(tài)接衣服類名詞，賓語是代詞時，放中間，不用進行時I have ona pair of jeans today.in表狀態(tài)后接表顏色或衣服的名詞he s always in green shoes.助記：穿戴動作put on ,狀態(tài)wear已穿上;dress接人作賓語，

14、in后顏色或衣裳12.辨析：used to do sth,be used to do sth,與 be used to doing sthUsed to do sth.過去常常做某事I used to be afraid of the dark.Be used to do sth被用來做某事The room is used to have a meetingbe /get used to doing sth習慣于做某事You will soon be/get used to living in the city.13.辨析：through over acrossThrough穿過；通過指從空間

15、內(nèi)部穿過The train passed through a tunnel.over越過物體上方跨過，無接觸面He jumped over the wall.across穿過；橫過物體表面的一邊到另一邊We went across the road.14.辨析：find find out look forfind強調(diào)“是否找到”這一結(jié)果Have you found your bjikeFind out（找出，查明）經(jīng)過一番努力找到事情的真相l(xiāng)et's find out when the plane will take offLook for后接尋找的對象，強調(diào)尋找這一過程The gir

16、l is looking for her book.解析：1. At first, he was very happy with it.be happy with sb./sth意為“對某人或事物滿意的”，=be pleased/satisfied with sb./sthHis teacher is happy with him.他的老師對他很滿意。She is happy with what I've done.她對我做的很滿意。2. Later, however, he began to doubt that it was a real golden crown.(1) begi

17、n to do sth.意為“開始做某事”，同義詞組為begin doing sth.。When can I begin to work 我什么時候能開始工作呢When I got there,the singer had already begun singing.當我到那兒時，歌手已經(jīng)開始唱歌了。(2) doubt此處用作及物動詞，意為“不能肯定，對無把握”。He doubts the truth of the news. 他懷疑那件新聞的真實性。I don't doubt that she'll come. 她一定來，我不懷疑。【 拓展 】 doubt 用作不及物動詞，意

18、為“懷疑”，其后常接of,about。She doubts about everything. 她對一切都懷疑。He doubts of his success.他懷疑他能否成功。 doubt 后接賓語從句時，名詞從句用if/whether 引導，名詞從句也可用that 引導。I doubt if/whether she will keep her word. 我懷疑她是否會遵守諾言。I don't doubt that we will win. 我們會獲勝是沒有疑問的做名詞，意為“懷疑”，固定短語：be in doubt “不肯定，不確定”No doubt 無疑，很可能”withou

19、t/beyond doubt 毫無疑問，的確3. “ Is it made completely of gold” he wondered.wonder 想知道，相當于want to know后接疑問詞引導的賓語從句，從何使用陳述語序。I wonder who she is.后接 if/whether 引導的賓語從句，表示委婉的請求或疑問。I wonder if you would mind giving me a hand.后接“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu) I am just wondering how to do it.拓展 ： wonder 做動詞，還可意為“感到驚異”，可與 at/about

20、 連用I don t wonder at hiswords.Wonder 作為可數(shù)名詞，意為“奇跡；奇觀”4. “ This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do” thought Archimedes.( 1 ) seem 用作連系動詞，意為“似乎，好像”，后常接形容詞作表語，可以和seem to be 和It seems/seemed that 相互轉(zhuǎn)換。He seems very angry. = He seems to be very angr/fc 好像非常生氣。用作實意動詞，可接to do sth He seems t

21、o sing. 他似乎在唱歌。(2) solve vt solution n the solution(s) to，意為的解決辦法5. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water.f川 with意為“用把裝滿”，具被動語態(tài)形式為be filled with ,相當于be full of6. weigh "稱重量；重”其名詞形式為 weightPlease weigh the bananas for me. / she weighs 60 kilos./i st ab

22、out 76kilos in weight.Some gold of the same weightthe sameas 與相同的（）I bought the same car as yours./ this bowl isthe same as that one.7. - so I'm certain that it's not completely made of gold.certain 用作形容詞，意為“確定的，肯定的”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：be certain+從旬 一定I'm not certain where he lives. 我不敢肯定他住在哪兒。 be cer

23、tain to do sth. 肯定要做某事He is certain to finish the task on time. 他肯定會按時完成任務(wù)。 be certain of/about sth. 對確信，有把握We're certain of success. 我們有把握成功。 be certain of doing sth. 有把握做某事He is certain of winning the match. 他確信能贏這場比賽。8. send sb to prison/take sb to prison ”把關(guān)進監(jiān)獄"in prison 坐牢，月艮開IJ9. go a

24、head 開始吧其主要用法表示同意或允許，意為“說吧，做吧，進行吧”繼續(xù)吧 Go ahead,we are all listening.表示請對方先走或先做某事，意為“你先走一步；你先請”You go ahead and tell him that we re coming soon.10. What's wrong with itWhat's wrong （with sb. /sth） 是用來詢問“某人發(fā)生了什么事情或某物出了什么毛病 /故障”等最常用的句型之一。其同義句型為： What's the matte/trouble with.What's wron

25、g with you 你怎么了（出什么事了）11. That's why I'm angry.That's why.意為“那就是的原因" ，why引導的是表語從何，用陳述語序。表語從句是在句中作表語的從何，常位于連系動詞be,look等的后面。The alarm clock didn't go off. That's why he was late for school12. be allowed to do sth 被允許做某事allow sb to do sth 允許某人做某事allow doing sth 允許做某事He allows s

26、moking here 他允許在這里抽煙 our teacher allowed us to go out for a walk.watch sb. do sth 意為“看某人做了某事或經(jīng)常做某事”13. However,Helen,a brave woman,wanted to watch her son run.,表小看見動作發(fā)生、進行的全過程。其中do為省略to的不定式，作賓語補足語。I watched her go out of the room just now.剛才我看到她從房間里出來了注意：Watch sb. doing sth.意為“看某人正在做某事”，表示看見動作正在進行。其

27、中 doing為現(xiàn) 在分詞，作賓語補足語。He stopped to watch us working.他停下來看我們干活?！就卣埂亢蛍atch用法相同的動詞（組）還有 see, hear, make, feel, notice, look at等。Did you hear Jack call you你聽見杰克叫你了嗎（動作結(jié)束）We often hear the girl sing English songs.我們經(jīng)常挺大了那個女孩唱英文歌曲。（動作經(jīng)常發(fā)生）I heard the song wind blowing when it was raining heavily.下大雨的時候我聽見

28、狂風呼嘯。（動作正在進行）14. When you have written something, you should check your work to make sure the spelling, grammar and punctuation are all correct.（1） make sure意為“確保，設(shè)法保證”，后可接賓語從句或of短語。同義短語：be sure/be certain Make sure that they know nothing about our plan.絕對不能讓他們知道我們的計戈U。They scored another goal and m

29、ake sure of victory.他們又進了一個球，這就贏定了。（2） correct此處用作形容詞（=right）,意為“正確的”，其副詞為correctly（正確地）。【拓展】correct用作動詞，意為“改正；糾正" correct the mistakes改正錯誤12. write what kind of mistake it is mistake用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“錯誤”，常用短語：make a mistake /mistakes犯錯； by mistake 錯誤地 You've made several grammatical mistakes in th

30、e composition.I got on the wrong bus by mistake.我搭錯了 公共汽車?！就卣埂縨istake （mistook,mistaken）還可用作動詞，意為“弄錯，搞錯”。常用短語：mistake for"把誤認為”She didn't speak very clearly, so I mistook what she said.她說話不是很清楚，所以我誤解了她的意思。He is often mistaken for a famous actor. / we often mistake him for a famous actor.他常常

31、被誤認為是個名演員。13. However, no one could find a scale large enough.enough此處用作副詞，意為“足夠地”,修飾形容詞或副詞時，耍放在其后。He runs quickly enough.他跑得足夠快。It's warm enough in the room.屋子里夠暖和了。adv/adj+enough+ （for+名詞/代詞+） to do sth.,意為“足夠一做某事"?？膳c"so - that+ 肯定句”進行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。The box is light enough for the boy to carr

32、y.這個箱子足夠輕，這個男孩能搬動。“not+adj/adv+enough to so sth”不夠不能做某事，可與" tooto do sth”進行同義旬轉(zhuǎn)換 the boy is not old enough to look after himself=the boy is too young to look after himself. A.注思enough作形容詞修飾名詞時，可放在其前，也可放在其后。We have enough money.（=We have money enough.戲們有足夠的錢。14. be taken off是take。-off的被動語態(tài)，takeo

33、ff意為“領(lǐng)走；帶走；使一離開”15. go down 的主要用法 （J臺等） 下沉， 沉沒 their ship went down during an accident.（日，月）落下 the sun has gone down.沿著走 just go straight down that street.16. own vt 擁有 adj.自己的 my own pen owner 物主 the owner of 的主人17. It s believed that 人們相信It is said that 據(jù)說 it is reported that 據(jù)報道It is known that 眾

34、所周知 it is supposed /thought that 人們認為第二課 語法：反意疑問句及句子的類型一、反意疑問句：1、含義：反意疑問句又叫特殊疑問句，它是在陳述句之后附加一個簡短的問句，對陳述句 所敘述的事實提出疑問或征求意見。2、構(gòu)成：由兩部分構(gòu)成，前一部分是一個陳述句，后一部分是一個簡略的疑問句。遵循“前 肯后否，前否后肯”的原則。前后兩部分在人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)等方面必須保持一致。附加疑問部 分通常由兩個詞組成，第一個詞是 be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、或助動詞，若是否定式，通常用上述詞 與not的縮略形式；第二個詞是指代陳述部分主語的 人稱代詞主格。3.答語：遵循一個原則，不管問題的提法如

35、何，只要事實是肯定的，就用“yes肯定回答”；只要事實是否定的，就用“ No,否定回答"。但在前否后肯的反意疑問句中，其答語與漢語翻譯 不同，Yes要翻譯成“不”，No要翻譯成“是”。You will never forget him,will you Yes,I will. 不，我會No,No I wont.是的，我不會4.特殊用法：反意疑問句的特殊用法1）陳述部分為I am.時，疑問部分用aren ' t.例：I am late, aren' t II am a teacher, aren ' t I2） 當陳述部分的主語是 everyone, someo

36、ne, anyone, no one, nobody 等不定代詞時，疑問部分的主語可用he,也可用they.例：No one wants to do it, doesn ' t he / don ' t they3）當陳述部分主語是something, everything, anything, nothing等表示物的不定代詞時，附加疑問部分的主語要用 it. 例：Everything will be all right, won ' t itSomething must be done to end the strike mustn t it4） 當陳述部分帶有se

37、ldom, hardly, never, few, little, nothing, nobody 等否定詞時，疑問部分宜用肯定式例： She seldom goes to school late, does she5） 當陳述部分中有否定前綴或后綴的否定詞時，疑問部分仍用否定式例： Shedislikes her boyfriend, doesn Sthsehiescarelessin writing, isn t she6） 當陳述部分是一個祈使句時，不管是肯定還是否定，附加疑問部分一般用will you 。當陳述部分以Let'.s.開頭，疑問部分用shall we但以“Let u

38、s開頭的，附加疑問部分常用 will you Let s have a cup of Chinese tea, shall we Let us go to the supermarket, will you 在肯定的祈使句后，還可以用wont you.7） 當陳述部分的主語是指示代詞this， that 或 these， those 時，附加疑問部分的主語分別用it 或 they。 This is your book,isn t it8） 當陳述部分是帶有賓語從句的主從結(jié)構(gòu)，疑問部分的助動詞和主語應(yīng)與主句的主謂要一致，但當旬中部分是I think . /I suppose/believe .等

39、結(jié)構(gòu)時，疑問部分助動詞主語則與 that 從句中的主、謂保持一致例： They said that I was right, didn t theyI don t think you have done it, have you9）當陳述部分的主語是動詞不定式或動名詞時，附加疑問詞部分的主語是itTo work hard is important,isn t it10）陳述部分為there be 結(jié)構(gòu)時，附加疑問部分中仍用thereThere s something wrong,isnt there11）當陳述部分帶有used to, 附加疑問部分既可用usedn t 或didn t 的相應(yīng)形

40、式例：He usednt smoke, used he He didn t usteo smoke, did he12）當陳述部分是had better,疑問部分應(yīng)用had/hadn' t若陳述部分為would like和would rather附加疑問部分應(yīng)用wouldn ' t例：You d bettetar ke a bus to go there, hadn t youYou d likseome tea, wouldn t you13）當陳述部分是感嘆句，附加疑問部分則用否定式，且主語和感嘆句主語要一致例： Whata lovely day, isn t it Wha

41、t a good man, isn t he14）有關(guān)have當陳述部分的謂語是have/has表示 有”時，附加疑問部分既可用have/has的相應(yīng)形式，也可用do/does 的相應(yīng)形式例：She has two sister, hasnt /doesnt she當陳述部分的謂語has/has表示經(jīng)歷、遭受、得到、吃等其他含義時，疑問部分只用do/does 的適當形式. 例： He often hasbreakfast at seven, doesn ' t he當陳述部分的謂語動詞包括 have to/had to時，疑問部分通常用do/ does的不同形式.例：She has t

42、ostay at home to look after her baby, doesn' t she15）當陳述部分的謂語動詞含有 can, may, shall, will would, ought, be, do等助動詞時,疑問部分 用相同的助動詞.例：Youcan be there by 10 o ' clock, can ' t youYou ought to follow her advice, oughtn ' t/shouldn ' t you16） must的反義疑問句：陳述部分有must的疑問句，疑問部分根據(jù)實際情況而定。A. must表示 應(yīng)該“，其疑問部分用 mustn't （不應(yīng)該），如：You must work hard next term, mustn't you下學期你應(yīng)該努力學習，對嗎B. must表示必須”，其疑問部分用 needn't （不必），如：They must finish the work today, n