2022年山東同等學(xué)力人員申請碩士學(xué)位考試考試模擬卷

2022年山東同等學(xué)力人員申請碩士學(xué)位考試考試模

擬卷

（本卷共分為1大題50小題，作答時間為180分鐘，總分100分，60分及格。）

單位：姓名：考號:

題號單選題多項選擇判斷題綜合題總分

分值

得分

一、單項選擇題（共50題，每題2分。每題的備選項中，只有一個最符合題意）

1.AttheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles（UCLA）,astudentIoaded

hisclassnotesintoahandheIde-maiIdeviceandtriedtoreadthemduring

anexam:aclassmateturnedhimin.AttheUniversityofNevadaatLas

Vegas（UNLV）studentsphotographedtestquestionswiththeircelIphone

camerasandtransmittedthemtoclassmates.Theuniversityputinplace

anewexamination-supervisionsystem.11Ifthey1dspendasmuchtime

studying,they,dalIbeAstudents,r,saysRonYasbin,deanoftheCoIIege

ofSciencesofUNLV.Withavarietyofelectronicdevices,American

studentsfinditeasiertocheat.AndcollegeofficiaIsfindthemselves

inanewgameofeatandmouse.TheyaretryingtofightwouId-hecheats

intheexamseasonbycuttingoffInternetaccessfromlaptops（筆記本

電腦），demandingthesurrenderofcelIphonesbeforetestsorsimply

requiringthatexamsbetakenwithpensandpaper."Itisannoying.My

hand-writingissobad,HsaidRyanDapremont,21whojustfinishedhis

thirdyearatPepperdineUniversityinCalifornia.Hehadtotakehis

examsonpaper.DapremontsaidtechnoIogyhasmadecheatingeasier,but

plagiarism（票I］竊）inwritingpaperswasprobablythebiggestproblem.

StudentscanIiftotherpeopIe9swritingsofftheInternetwithout

attributingthem.Still,somestudentssaidtheythoughtcheatingthese

dayswasmoreaproductOfthemindset,notthetooIsathand."SomepeopIe

puttoomuchemphasisonwherethey'regoingtogointhefuture,and

alIthey5rethinkingaboutisgraduateschooIandthenextstep,11said

LindsayNicholas,athird-yearstudentatUCLA.Sheaddedthatpressure

tosucceed"sometimescloudseverythingandmakespeopIedothingsthat

theyshouldn,tdo."Someprofessorssaidtheytriedtowriteexams

forwhichitwashardtocheat,posingquestionsthatoutsideresources

wouldnothelpanswer.ManyofficiaIssaidthattheyrelyoncampushonor

codes.Theysaidthemostimportantthingwastoteachstudentsnotto

cheatinthefirstplace.

Whichofthefollowingisprobablythemostsignificantmeasuretofight

cheating

A.Puttinglessemphasisonwherethestudentsaregoingtogointhefuture.

B.Lettingstudentsknowthathonestyismoreimportant.

C.Writingexaminationsforwhichitishardtocheat.

D.Settingupmorestrictcampushonorcodes.

2.Thereareover6000differentcomputerandonIinegamesintheworld

now.Asegmentofthemareconsideredtobebotheducationaland

harmlesslyentertaining.Onesuchgameteachesgeography,andanother

trainspilots.Otherstraintheplayerinlogicalthinkingandproblem

solving.SomegamesmayalsohelpyoungpeopIetobecomemorecomputer

Iiterate,whichismoreimportantinthistechnoIogy-drivenera.But

thedarksideofthecomputergameshasbecomemoreandmoreobvious.

"Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-sociaIthemesofvioIence,sexandcrude

Ianguage,11saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationaIInstituteonMedia

andFamily."Unfortunately,it,sasegmentthatseemsparticularly

popularwithkidsagedeighttofifteen.MOnestudyshowedthatalmost

80percentofthecomputerandonlinegamesyoungpeopIepreferred

containedviolence.Theinvestigatorssaid"Thesearenotjustgames

anymore.Thesearelearningmachines.We'reteachingkidsinthemost

incrediblemannerwhatit'sIiketopuIIthetrigger.Whattheyarenot

learningarethereal-1ifeconsequences."Theyalsosaid"Thenewand

moresophisticatedgamesareevenworse,becausetheyhavebetter

graphicsandallowtheplayertoparticipateinevenmorerealistic

violentacts.nInthegameCarmageddon,forexample,theplayerwi11have

drivenoverandkilledupto33000peopIebythetimealIlevelsare

compIeted.Adescriptionoftheoutcomeofthegamesays:nYourvictims

notonlysquishunderyourtiresandsplatterbloodonthewindshield,

theyaIsogetontheirkneesandbegformercy,orcommitsuicide.If

youIike,youcanalsodismemberthem."IsalIthissimulatedviolence

harmfulApproximately3000differentstudieshavebeenconductedonthis

subject.Manyhavesuggestedthatthereisaconnectionbetweenviolence

ingamesandincreasedaggressivenessintheplayers.Somespecialists

downpIaytheinfIuenceofthegames,sayingthatotherfactorsmustbe

takenintoconsideration,suchasthepossibiIitythatkidswhoaIready

haveviolenttendenciesarechoosingsuchgames.Butcoulditbethat

violentgamesstillplayacontributingroleItseemsunrealisticto

insistthatpeopIearenotinfIuencedbywhattheysee.Ifthatweretrue,

whywouldthecommercialworldspendbillionsofdollarsannuallyfor

televisionadvertising

Manystudieshavesuggestedthat.

A.moreandmoreyoungpeopleenjoycruelcomputergames

B.violenceincomputergamesmakestheirplayersmoreaggressive

C.therearenowfarmoreincidentsofviolenceduetocomputergames

D.simulatedviolenceincomputergamesisdifferentfromrealviolence

3.TopmarathonrunnerstendtobeleanandIight,starswimmersarelong

thighswithhugefeetandgoldmedalweightIiftersaresolidbIocksof

musclewithshortarmsandlegs.So,doesyourphysicalshape-andthe

wayyourbodyworks-fityouforaparticularsportOrdoesyourbody

developacertainwaybecauseofyourchosensport"It'sabout55:45,

genestotheenvironment,"saysMikeRennie,professorofclinical

physioIogyatBritain'sUniversityofNottinghamMedicaISchooI.Rennie

citesthecaseofidenticaltwinsfromGermany,oneofwhomwasa

Iong-distanceathlete,theotherapowerfulsportsman,so,“Theylook

quitedifferent,despitebeingidenticaItwins.MSomeonewhoJs

1.5~meterstaiIhasIittIechanceofbecominganeIitebasketbalIplayer.

Still,beingovertwometerstaIIwon'tautomaticaIIypushyouto01ympic

goId."UnIessyouhavetacticaIsensewhereneeded,unIessyouhaveaccess

togoodequipment,medicaIcareandthepsychologicalconditions,and

unlessyouareabletodriveyourselfthroughpain,alIthephysical

strengthwiIIbeinvain,"saidCraigSharp,professorofsportsscience

atBritain'sBrunelUniversity.JonathanRobinson,anappIiedsports

scientistattheUniversityofBath'ssportsdeveIopmentdepartment,

11

insouthwestEngIandfpointstotheimportanceoftechnique.Inswimming

only5-10percentofthepropelIingforcecomesfromthelegs,so

techniqueisvital."Havingtherightphysiquefortherightsportis

agoodstartingpoint.Seventeenyearsago,theAustraIianInstituteof

SportstartedanationaITalentSearchProgram,whichsearchedschools

for14-16-year-oIdswiththepotentialtobeeliteathIetes.Oneoftheir

firstfindswasMeganStill,worldchampionrower.In1987,Stillhad

neverpickedupanoarinherIife.ButshehadaImosttheperfectphysique

forarower.Afterintensivetraining,shewongoldinwomen5srowing

inthe1996AtIantaOlympics.Othercountrieshavefollowedthe

AustraIianexampIe.NowtheexpIosionofgeneticknowIedgehasmeantthat

thereisnowasearch,notjustforappropriatephysiquebutalsofor

"performancegenes.\

Theword"elite"inparagraph5means.

A.themostwealthy

B.themostskilled

C.themostindustrious

D.themostintelligent

4.ThecollapseoftheEarth5smagneticfield-whichguardsthepIanet

andguidesmanyofitscreatures-appearstohavestartedseriouslyabout

150yearsago,theNewYorkTimesreportedlastweek.Thefield's

strengthhasdecreasedby10or15percentsofarandthishasincreased

thedebateoverwhetheritsignaIsareversaloftheplanet5sIinesof

magneticforce.Duringareversal,themainfieldweakens,aImost

vanishes,andreappearswithoppositepolarity.ThetransitionwouIdtake

thousandsofyears.Oncecompleted,compassneedIesthathadpointed

northwouldpointsouth.Areversalcouldcauseproblemsforbothman

andanimals.AstronautsandsateIIiteswouldhavedifficulties.Birds,

fishandanimalsthatrelyonthemagneticfieldfornavigationwould

findmigrationconfusing.Butexpertssaidtheeffectswouldnotbea

bigdisaster,despiteclaimsofdoomandvagueevidenceofIinksbetween

pastfieldreversalsandspeciesextinctions.Althoughatotal

transitionmaybehundredsorthousandsofyearsaway,therapiddeciine

inmagneticstrengthisalreadyaffectingsateIIites.Lastmonth,the

EuropeanSpaceAgencyapprovedtheworld'slargesteffortattracking

thefield'sshifts.AgroupofnewsateIIites,calledSwarm,istomonitor

thecollapsingfieldwithfargreaterprecision."Wewanttogetsome

ideaofhowthiswouldevoIveinthenearfuture,justIikepeopIetrying

topredicttheweather,HsaidGauthierHulot,aFrenchgeophysicist

workingonthesateIIiteplan.n19mpersonaIlyquiteconvineedweshouId

beabletoworkoutthefirstpredictionsbytheendofthemission.H

Nomatterwhatthenewfindings,thepubIichasnoreasontopanic.Even

ifatransitioniscomingonitsway,itmighttake2000yearstomature.

TheIastonetookplace780000yearsago,whenearlyhumanswerelearning

howtomakestonetools.DeepinsidetheEarthflowhotcurrentsofmelted

iron.ThismechanicaIenergycreateseIectromagnetism.Thisprocessis

knownasthegeophysicaIgenerator.InacarJsgenerator,thesame

principleturnsmechanicaIenergyintoelectricity.Nooneknows

preciselywhythefieldperiodicallyreverses.Butscientistssaythe

responsibiIityprobablyIieswithchangesinthedisorderlyflowsof

meItediron,whichtheyseeassimilartothegasesthatmakeupthecIouds

ofJupiter.

Theauthorsays.thepubIichasnoreasontopanic"(Paragraph5)

because.

A.thetransitionisstillthousandsofyearsaway

B.thenewtransitionwillcome780000yearsfromnow

C.thetransitioncanbepreciselypredictedbyscientists

D.theprocessofthetransitionwilltakeaverylongtimetofinish

5.AreportpubIishedrecentlybringsbadnewsaboutairpollution.It

suggeststhatitcouldbeasdamagingtoourhealthasexposuretothe

radiationfromthe1986Ukrainenuclearpowerdisaster.Thereportwas

pubIishedbytheUKRoyaICommissiononEnvironmentaIPolIution.Butwhat

cancitypeopIedotoreduceexposuretoairpoIIutionQuitealot,it

turnsout.Avoidwalkinginbusystreets.Choosesidestreetsandparks

instead.PolIutionIeveIscanfalIaconsiderableamountjustbymoving

afewmetersawayfromthemainpo11utionsource-exhaustfumes(煙氣).

Alsodon'twalkbehindsmokers.Walkonthewindwardsideofthestreet

whereexposuretopollutantscanbe50percentlessthanonthedownwind

side.Sittingonthedriver1ssideofabuscanincreaseyourexposure

by10percent,comparedwithsittingonthesidenearestthepavement.

Sittingupstairsonadouble-deckercanreduceexposure.Itisdifficult

tosaywhethertravelingonanundergroundtrainisbetterorworsethan

takingthebus.AirpoIIutiononundergroundtrainstendstobelesstoxic

thanthatatstreetIeveI,becauseundergroundpo11utionismostIymade

upoftinyironparticlesthrownupbywheeIshittingtherails.ButdieseI

andpetrolfumeshaveamixtureofpollutants.Whenyouarecrossing

aroad,standweIIbackfromthecurbwhileyouwaitfortheIightto

change.Everymeterreallydoescountwhenyouareclosetotraffic.As

thetrafficbeginstomove,fumescanbereducedinjustafewseconds.

SohoIdingyourbreathforjustamomentcanmakeadifference,eventhough

itmightsoundsilly.Therearelargesuddenpollutionincreasesduring

rushhours.PolIutionIeveIsfa11duringnighttime.ThetimeofyearaIso

makesabigdifference.PolIutionIeveIstendtobeattheirIowestduring

springandautumnwhenwindsarefreshest.Extremecoldorhotweather

hasatrappingeffectandtendstocauseabuiId-upofpollutants.

Whilewaitingtocrossabusystreet,youshould.

A.waitafewsecondsuntilthefumesreduce

B.stayawayfromthetrafficasfaraspossible

C.holdyourbreathuntilyougettotheothersideofthestreet

D.countdownforthelighttochange

6.AttheUniversityofGaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA),astudentIoaded

hisclassnotesintoahandheIde-maiIdeviceandtriedtoreadthemduring

anexam:aclassmateturnedhimin.AttheUniversityofNevadaatLas

Vegas(UNLV)studentsphotographedtestquestionswiththeircelIphone

camerasandtransmittedthemtoclassmates.Theuniversityputinplace

anewexamination-supervisionsystem."Ifthey'dspendasmuchtime

studying,they'dalIbeAstudents,r,saysRonYasbin,deanoftheCoIIege

ofSciencesofUNLV.Withavarietyofelectronicdevices,American

studentsfinditeasiertocheat.AndcollegeofficiaIsfindthemselves

inanewgameofeatandmouse.TheyaretryingtofightwouId-hecheats

intheexamseasonbycuttingoffInternetaccessfromlaptops（筆記本

電腦），demandingthesurrenderofcelIphonesbeforetestsorsimply

requiringthatexamsbetakenwithpensandpaper."Itisannoying.My

hand-writingissobad,MsaidRyanDapremont,21whojustfinishedhis

thirdyearatPepperdineUniversityinCalifornia.Hehadtotakehis

examsonpaper.Dapremontsaidtechnologyhasmadecheatingeasier,but

plagiarism（票I］竊）inwritingpaperswasprobablythebiggestproblem.

StudentscanIiftotherpeople'swritingsofftheInternetwithout

attributingthem.Still,somestudentssaidtheythoughtcheatingthese

dayswasmoreaproductOfthemindset,notthetooIsathand."SomepeopIe

puttoomuchemphasisonwherethey'regoingtogointhefuture,and

alIthey5rethinkingaboutisgraduateschooIandthenextstep,Msaid

LindsayNicholas,athird-yearstudentatUCLA.Sheaddedthatpressure

tosucceed"sometimescloudseverythingandmakespeopIedothingsthat

theyshouldn,tdo."Someprofessorssaidtheytriedtowriteexams

forwhichitwashardtocheat,posingquestionsthatoutsideresources

wouldnothelpanswer.ManyofficiaIssaidthattheyrelyoncampushonor

codes.Theysaidthemostimportantthingwastoteachstudentsnotto

cheatinthefirstplace.

Thebesttitleofthepassagecouldbe.

A.CheatingHasGoneHigh-tech

B.GameofCatandMouse

C.ANewExamination-supervisionSystem

D.MeasurestoFightAgainstDishonesty

7.Thereareover6000differentcomputerandonlinegamesintheworld

now.Asegmentofthemareconsideredtobebotheducationaland

harmlesslyentertaining.Onesuchgameteachesgeography,andanother

trainspilots.Otherstraintheplayerinlogicalthinkingandproblem

solving.SomegamesmayalsohelpyoungpeopIetobecomemorecomputer

Iiterate,whichismoreimportantinthistechnoIogy-drivenera.But

thedarksideofthecomputergameshasbecomemoreandmoreobvious.

"Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-sociaIthemesofvioIencersexandcrude

Ianguage,11saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationaIInstituteonMedia

andFamily."Unfortunately,it'sasegmentthatseemsparticularly

popularwithkidsagedeighttofifteen.nOnestudyshowedthatalmost

80percentofthecomputerandonlinegamesyoungpeopIepreferred

containedviolence.Theinvestigatorssaid"Thesearenotjustgames

anymore.Thesearelearningmachines.We'reteachingkidsinthemost

incrediblemannerwhatit'sIiketopuIIthetrigger.Whattheyarenot

learningarethereal-1ifeconsequences."Theyalsosaid"Thenewand

moresophisticatedgamesareevenworse,becausetheyhavebetter

graphicsandallowtheplayertoparticipateinevenmorerealistic

violentacts.nInthegameCarmageddon,forexample,theplayerwiIIhave

drivenoverandkilledupto33000peopIebythetimealIlevelsare

compIeted.Adescriptionoftheoutcomeofthegamesays:"Yourvictims

notonlysquishunderyourtiresandsplatterbloodonthewindshield,

theyaIsogetontheirkneesandbegformercy,orcommitsuicide.If

youIike,youcanalsodismemberthem."IsalIthissimulatedviolence

harmfulApproximately3000differentstudieshavebeenconductedonthis

subject.Manyhavesuggestedthatthereisaconnectionbetweenviolence

ingamesandincreasedaggressivenessintheplayers.Somespecialists

downpIaytheinfluenceofthegames,sayingthatotherfactorsmustbe

takenintoconsideration,suchasthepossibiIitythatkidswhoaIready

haveviolenttendenciesarechoosingsuchgames.Butcoulditbethat

violentgamesstillplayacontributingroleItseemsunrealisticto

insistthatpeopIearenotinfIuencedbywhattheysee.Ifthatweretrue,

whywouldthecommercialworldspendbillionsofdollarsannuallyfor

televisionadvertising

TheauthorusesnteIevisionadvertising"asanexampIetoshowthat.

A.otherfactorsmustbeconsideredaspossiblecausesofviolenceinreal

life

B.computerandonlinegamesarenottheonlycauseofincreasedviolence

inreallife

C.thecommercialworldiscontributingtotheincreasedviolenceinreal

life

D.thereisacloselinkbetweencomputergamesandincreasedviolence

inreallife

8.TopmarathonrunnerstendtobeleanandIight,starswimmersarelong

thighswithhugefeetandgoldmedalweightIiftersaresolidblocksof

musclewithshortarmsandlegs.So,doesyourphysicalshape-andthe

wayyourbodyworks-fityouforaparticularsportOrdoesyourbody

developacertainwaybecauseofyourchosensportnlt'sabout55:45,

genestotheenvironment,nsaysMikeRennie,professorofclinical

physioIogyatBritain1sUniversityofNottinghamMedicaISchooI.Rennie

citesthecaseofidenticaltwinsfromGermany,oneofwhomwasa

Iong-distanceathlete,theotherapowerfulsportsman,so,"Theylook

quitedifferent,despitebeingidenticaItwins.nSomeonewho*s

1.5-meterstaIIhasIittIechanceofbecominganelitebasketbaIIplayer.

Still,beingovertwometerstaIIwon'tautomatica11ypushyouto01ympic

goId."UnIessyouhavetacticaIsensewhereneeded,uniessyouhaveaccess

togoodequipment,medicaIcareandthepsychoIogicaIconditions,and

unlessyouareabletodriveyourselfthroughpain,alIthephysical

strengthwi11beinvain,nsaidCraigSharp,professorofsportsscience

atBritain'sBrunelUniversity.JonathanRobinson,anappIiedsports

scientistattheUniversityofBath'ssportsdeveIopmentdepartment,

insouthwestEngland,pointstotheimportanceoftechnique.MInswimming

only5-10percentofthepropelIingforcecomesfromthelegs,so

techniqueisvital."Havingtherightphysiquefortherightsportis

agoodstartingpoint.Seventeenyearsago,theAustraIianInstituteof

SportstartedanationalTalentSearchProgram,whichsearchedschooIs

for14-16-year-oIdswiththepotentialtobeeliteathletes.Oneoftheir

firstfindswasMeganStill,worldchampionrower.In1987,Stillhad

neverpiekedupanoarinherIife.ButshehadaImosttheperfectphysique

forarower.Afterintensivetraining,shewongoldinwomen5srowing

inthe1996AtIantaOlympics.Othercountrieshavefollowedthe

AustraIianexampIe.NowtheexpIosionofgeneticknowIedgehasmeantthat

thereisnowasearch,notjustforappropriatephysiquebutalsofor

"performancegenes.\

TheeliteathIetesofthefuturemaycomefrompeopIewhonaturally

possess.

A.thebestbodyshapesandanironpurpose

B.theextremesoftherightphysiqueandstrongwills

C.therightpsychologicalconditionsandsportstalents

D.therightphysiqueandgenesforsports

9.ThecollapseoftheEarth1smagneticfield-whichguardstheplanet

andguidesmanyofitscreatures-appearstohavestartedseriouslyabout

150yearsago,theNewYorkTimesreportedlastweek.Thefield5s

strengthhasdecreasedby10or15percentsofarandthishasincreased

thedebateoverwhetheritsignaIsareversaloftheplanet5sIinesof

magneticforce.Duringareversal,themainfieldweakens,aImost

vanishes,andreappearswithoppositepolarity.Thetransitionwouldtake

thousandsofyears.Oncecompleted,compassneedIesthathadpointed

northwouldpointsouth.Areversalcouldcauseproblemsforbothman

andanimals.AstronautsandsateIIiteswouldhavedifficulties.Birds,

fishandanimalsthatrelyonthemagneticfieldfornavigationwould

findmigrationconfusing.Butexpertssaidtheeffectswouldnotbea

bigdisaster,despiteclaimsofdoomandvagueevidenceofIinksbetween

pastfieldreversalsandspeciesextinctions.Althoughatotal

transitionmaybehundredsorthousandsofyearsaway,therapiddeciine

inmagneticstrengthisalreadyaffectingsateIIites.Lastmonth,the

EuropeanSpaceAgencyapprovedtheworld,slargesteffortattracking

thefield5sshifts.AgroupofnewsateIIites,calledSwarm,istomonitor

thecollapsingfieldwithfargreaterprecision.r,Wewanttogetsome

ideaofhowthiswouldevoIveinthenearfuture,justIikepeopIetrying

topredicttheweather,nsaidGauthierHulot,aFrenchgeophysicist

workingonthesateIIiteplan.n19mpersonaIlyquiteconvineedweshouId

beabletoworkoutthefirstpredictionsbytheendofthemission."

Nomatterwhatthenewfindings,thepubIichasnoreasontopanic.Even

ifatransitioniscomingonitsway,itmighttake2000yearstomature.

Thelastonetookplace780000yearsago,whenearlyhumanswerelearning

howtomakestonetools.DeepinsidetheEarthflowhotcurrentsofmelted

iron.ThismechanicaIenergycreateselectromagnetism.Thisprocessis

knownasthegeophysicaIgenerator.Inacar'sgenerator,thesame

principleturnsmechanicaIenergyintoelectricity.Nooneknows

preciselywhythefieldperiodicallyreverses.Butscientistssaythe

responsibiIityprobablyIieswithchangesinthedisorderlyflowsof

meItediron,whichtheyseeassimilartothegasesthatmakeupthecIouds

ofJupiter.

ThetransitionoftheEarth'smagneticfieldispossiblycausedby.

A.theflowsofmeltedironinsidetheEarth

B.theperiodicalmovementoftheEarth

C.themechanicalenergyofthesolarsystem

D.theforcecorningfromouterspace

10.Thereareover6000differentcomputerandonlinegamesintheworId

now.AsegmentofthemareconsideredtobebotheducationaIand

harmlesslyentertaining.Onesuchgameteachesgeography,andanother

trainspilots.Otherstraintheplayerinlogicalthinkingandproblem

solving.SomegamesmayalsohelpyoungpeopIetobecomemorecomputer

Iiterate,whichismoreimportantinthistechnoIogy-drivenera.But

thedarksideofthecomputergameshasbecomemoreandmoreobvious.

"Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-sociaIthemesofvioIence,sexandcrude

Ianguage,“saysDavidWalshrpresidentoftheNationaIInstituteonMedia

andFamily.