人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解

unit11.What’sthematter(withyou)?怎么了？出什么事了？thetrouble/theproblem/wrongwithsb./sth.?=sup?=Whathappenstosb.?和trouble為名詞，其前可加the或形容詞性物主代詞,wrong是adj.不能加the.thematter______Tom.Heiswetthrough.—Hiscarran_______theriver.A.with;inB.to;intoC.with;into【拓展】matter的用法(1)Itdoesn’tmatter沒關(guān)系（用來回答別人道歉時(shí)的用語）verysorry.Ibrokeyourteacup.—__________.A.Itdoesn’tmatterB.betternotC.iteasyD.toobad(2)asamatteroffact=infact事實(shí)上,實(shí)際上2.Ihadacold.我感冒了。疑問&否定havea/an+疾病名詞“患……病”(cold/fever/cough)haveanaccidenthaveasore(因發(fā)炎引起的肌肉疼)throat/back患喉嚨/背痛haveaheartproblemhaveafever發(fā)燒haveacold=catchacold患感冒haveatoothache患牙痛haveanosebleed流鼻血haveabackache患背痛haveacough咳嗽hurt+身體器官gethit(V-ed)onthehead（bysth.）摔在頭上didn’tsleepwelllastnight,becauseI_____atoothache.A.wasB.wentC.hadD.tookhaveastomachache患胃痛haveaheadache患頭痛其他：cut+身體器官have(some)problems(in)doing做某事有困難backn背；背部atthebackgo/comeback返回giveback歸還handn.手V.交給；傳遞handinhand手拉手handin上交handon依次傳遞handout分發(fā)3.身體部位+ache（持續(xù)性的疼痛）構(gòu)成新的復(fù)合詞stomach+ache=stomachachetooth+ache=toothachehead+ache=headacheback+ache=backache4.toomuch/toomany/muchtoo含義ThereistoomuchrainthesedaysWatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.Therearetoomanythingsformetodoeveryday.It’smuchtoocoldinwinter.toomuch太多toomany太多muchtoo太修飾形容詞或副詞Smitheats______food,so_____fat.A.muchtoo;toomuchC.toomuch;toomuchenough的用法B.toomany;muchtooD.toomuch;muchtoo(1)adj.足夠的，充分的。修飾名詞時(shí)，放在名詞前、后enoughtime(2)adv.“足夠地，放在adj./adv后expensiveenough(3)be+adj.+enoughtodosthbestrongenoughtocarrythebox.doyouthinkofthelectureofLiCrazyEnglish?—Ithinkit’s_____,butsomeonethinksit’smuchtoo_____.A.wonderfulenough;boredC.wonderful;enough;boringB.enoughwonderful;boringD.enoughwonderful;bored5.反身代詞⑴反身代詞的構(gòu)成①一、二人稱的反身代詞構(gòu)成:形容詞性物主代詞+self/selves構(gòu)成單數(shù)：myselfyourself復(fù)數(shù)：ourselvesyourselves②第三人稱的反身代詞:構(gòu)成:第三人稱賓格+self/selves單數(shù)：himselfherselfitself復(fù)數(shù)：themselves⑵反身代詞的常見搭配：enjoyoneself=havefun=haveagoodtime玩得高興teachoneself=learn…byoneself自學(xué)introduceoneselfto自我介紹helponeselfto隨便吃byoneself=alone獨(dú)自hurtoneself受傷⑶反身代詞必須與主語保持人稱的一致。⑷反身代詞不能單獨(dú)做主語，但可以做主語的同位語，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。如：我自己能完成作業(yè)。Imyselfcanfinishmyhomework./Icanfinishmyhomeworkmyself.own.drawingwithmyowncrayons.don’tlose____inplayingAngryBirds.Itisbadforyoureyestoplaycomputergamesforalongtime.A.himselfB.yourselfC.themselvesD.yourselves6.liedown躺下liein位于，在于lay,lain,lyingtelllies說謊lietosb.對(duì)……說謊lied,lied,lying7.drinksomehotteawithhoney喝一些熱的蜂蜜水with：⑴prep“具有，帶有”,withoutSheisagirlwithlonghair.hasasorethroat.Heshould______.A.seeadentistB.drinkhotteawithhoneyC.drinkalotofmilk⑵prep.和......一起Iliketotalkfreelywithmyfriends.D.eatnothing⑶prep用......，表示“使用某種工具”Cutitwithaknife.8.seeadentistandgetanX-ray看醫(yī)生并且做個(gè)X光檢查seeadentist=gotothedentist’s看牙醫(yī)seeadoctorareill.Youhadbetter___________thedoctorright.A.lookatB.seeC.watch9.taketemperature量體溫10.putsomemedicineon...在....上敷藥puton穿上，戴上takeoff脫下，摘下put...inorderputdown放下，記下，鎮(zhèn)壓putoff推遲putup張貼，搭建，舉起putout撲滅，熄滅11.feel,sound感官系動(dòng)詞，后+形容詞，否定前+助動(dòng)詞或doesn’t.“感官動(dòng)詞+like：feellike摸起來像smelllike聞起來像looklike看起來像tastelike嘗起來像soundlike聽起來像12.Whatshouldshedo?她該怎么辦呢？ShouldI+V原？should“應(yīng)該”情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后跟動(dòng)詞原形，表示責(zé)任和義務(wù)shouldnot=shouldn’t不應(yīng)該主語+should/shouldn’t+動(dòng)詞原形...①Youshouldliedownand(getsome)rest.你應(yīng)該躺下休息一會(huì)兒。②Yougooutatnight.你晚上不應(yīng)該出去。up，oryou____catchthetrain．A．can’tB．needn’tC．mustn'tD.13.ontheweekend在周末allweekend整個(gè)周末=thewholeweekend14.playcomputergames玩電腦游戲15.probablywhy.大概這就是原因。16.needtodosth.需要做某事◆用于肯定句是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(1)needsth需要某物Ineedyourhelp.(2)人做主語，sbneedtodosth某人需要做某事Doyouneedtodrinkmorewater?(3)物做主語，sthneeddoingsth=sthneedtobedoneMyTVsetneedsrepairing.◆用于否定句是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞needn’t=don’thaveto沒有必要must,need引導(dǎo)的疑問句肯定回答用Ihanditintoday?—No.you_____.Youcandoittomorrow.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.needn't17.takebreaks/takeabreak(awayfrom...)離開……休息一下18.inthesameway以同樣的姿勢19.fortoolong（持續(xù)時(shí)間）……之久20.withoutdoingsth.bytheway順便說一下onway(to)...21.neckn.頸；脖子neckandneck不分上下，勢均力敵facetoface面對(duì)面地22.hurt及物動(dòng)詞，使……疼痛，……受傷，Hehurthislegwhileexercising.不及物動(dòng)詞，……（部位）疼。Hisleghurtbadly.23.在條件、時(shí)間狀語從句中，一般是主將從現(xiàn)。①引導(dǎo)條件狀語的詞：longas.②引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語的詞：when,after,before,assoonas,not....until....⑴主句使用一般將來時(shí)，if從句要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Mymotherwilltakemetotheparkifsheisfree.⑵主句為含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子，表示將來的含義，這時(shí)if從句也要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Ifyouwanttoloseweight,youmusteatlessbread.⑶主句是祈使句或是含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子(表示將來的意義)，if從句也要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Don’ttakepartinsuchanactivityifyouarenotstrongenough.Ifitrainshardtomorrow,youshouldstayathome.24.祈使句①定義：指的是表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議或勸告的句子。其主語you常省略，謂語動(dòng)詞用原形，句末用感嘆號(hào)或句號(hào)，讀降調(diào)。②結(jié)構(gòu)：1）.肯定的祈使句：動(dòng)詞原形+其他Standup,please.Becareful!⑴Don't+動(dòng)詞原形⑵Neverdosth.Don’tlaughatothers.Neverdothatagain!⑶No+v-ing/n.Nosmoking!Nonoise,please.⑷Let’snotdosth.Let’snotwastetime.Don’tletthemmakeanynoise.B:OK.Iwon’t.⑸Don’tletsb.dosth.③祈使句的考點(diǎn)：A:Don’tforgettoturnoffthelight.A:Don’tplayontheroad.B:Sorry.Iwon’t.A:RemembertoreturnitassoonaspossibleB:OK./Allright./Iefrom=befrom來自26.along/down相同點(diǎn)：prep“順著；沿著”不同點(diǎn)：along強(qiáng)調(diào)順著水平方向down指“沿著……下坡或者往南走”fatherhashabit(習(xí)慣)ofjogging____theJinchuanRiverforanhourinthemorning.A.betweenB.alongC.over27.when常常用來引出時(shí)間狀語從句↑，當(dāng)放在過去進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成的主句之后時(shí)，表示“某事正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，Iwasjustgettingintotheshowerwhenthetelephone正要洗澡，這時(shí)電話響了。28.see（saw,seen）v看見seesb.dosth看見某人做某事（看到動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過程或經(jīng)?？吹絼?dòng)作發(fā)生）seesb.doingsth看見某人正在做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生）theirteacher___intotheclassroom,theystopped___atonce.A.walk;tellingB.entering;tospeakC.enter;totellD.walking;talking29.onthesideoftheroad在路的一邊30.nextto...31.shoutforhelp大喊救命ask(sb.)forhelp向某人求助32.24-year-old24歲的“數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞，在句中作定語，用連字符后連接，名詞用單數(shù)。isa_____girlwithtwobigeyes.A.Six-years-oldB.six-year-oldC.Sixyearsold33.stopthebus停下車withoutthinkingtwice沒多想34.getoff下車(反）geton上車【拓展】與get相關(guān)的短語：getup起床getback回來；取回getover克服；度過getto到達(dá)geton／alongwellwith與……相處融洽Tedcan_______hisdifficulties,makegreatprogress.A.comeoverB.getoverC.getoffD.comeout35.have/has/hadto不得不，必須36.tellsb.(not）todosth.tellsb.sth.37.takesb.tosp.tellsth.tosb.tellsb.that...38.expectsb.todosth.39.most/allofn.大部分或全部的……40.waitforthenextbus41.surprise⑴v.使吃驚→surprisingadj.令人吃驚的→surprisedadj.感到吃驚的①surprisesb使某人吃驚Thebadnewssurprisedme.②besurprisedat對(duì)……感到吃驚③besurprisedtodosth做某事而感到驚訝④besurprised+that從句因...而驚訝⑵n驚訝”①toone’ssurprise使某人吃驚的是②insurprise吃驚地fanswere____toknowthedeathoftheirfavoritesingingstarWhitneyHuston.A.gladB.angryC.excitedD.surprisedagreev→(反)disagree–agreementn同意①agreewithsb.同意某人Iagreewithyou.②agreetodosth同意做某事thinkEnglishismoreusefulthanChinese.—Idon’t____you.Theyarebothuseful.A.getonwithB.catchupwithC.talkwithD.agreewith42.move...ontothebus/train/plane/horse/bike/subwayinthecar/taxi43.thanksto多虧；由于⑴thanksto為習(xí)語介詞，thanks不可以改為thankyou，to后接感謝的對(duì)象，⑵thanks強(qiáng)調(diào)為何而感謝，其后可接名詞或v-ing，thanks相當(dāng)于thankyou.________theteacher,madegreatprogress.A.ThankyouB.ThanksC.Thankslotontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)/intime及時(shí)ontime=ime=withenoughtimetospare/notlate及時(shí)（恰在時(shí)間點(diǎn)上）強(qiáng)調(diào)與某個(gè)時(shí)刻一致表示動(dòng)作在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)或比規(guī)定時(shí)間提前發(fā)生【短語】attimes=sometimes有時(shí)haveagoodtime玩得高興havetime=befree有空allthetime一直atthesametime同時(shí)bythetime到……時(shí)候forthefirsttime第一次【句型】It’stimetodosth=It’stimeforsth是該做某事的時(shí)間了Ittakessb.sometimetodosth做某事花費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間teacherhopeallofuscanhand____ourhomework____timeeveryday.A.up;inB.out;onC.on;inD.in;on44.+adj.+todosth./that從句45.not...any=no46.thinkabout考慮；認(rèn)為，+V-ing/n.thinkof想起thinkover仔細(xì)考慮thinkup=comeupwith想出【諺語】Thinkbeforeyouact三思而后行47.thedriverofbusNo.2648.hitv.(hit/hit)(用手或器具）擊；打hitsb.onthehead/nose/back打某人的頭、鼻子、后背，on用在所打較硬的部位；heface/eye/stomach打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打較軟的部位。49.rightaway/now立刻，馬上50.troublen.問題；苦惱beintrouble處于困境中justnow剛才getintotrouble造成麻煩（或煩惱）havetrouble（in)doingsth做某事有困難51.fall→fell→fallenv落下；跌落①falldownfromShefelldownfromherbike②falloff指從某物上跌落下來。Thegirlfelloffthebike.=Thegirlfelldownfromthebike.③fallinto落入Theleaffellintotheriver.④fallbehind落后⑤fallinlovewithsb.愛上某人⑥fallasleep入睡It’snoteasyforLindato_____lastnight,becauseshewastooexcited.A.gotobedB.fallasleepC.fallintoD.fallover52.runitunderthewater跑;（使）流動(dòng);延續(xù);行駛;使奔跑;使…快速移動(dòng);運(yùn)行，經(jīng)營53.feelsick生??；不舒服sick/illadj.生病的(1)sickbe(系動(dòng)詞)后作表語，也可放n.前作定語.besickof…“討厭；厭惡……”sickperson=patient“病人”(2)illbe(系動(dòng)詞)后作表語.→illnessn.“??；疾病”beillinhospital生病住院54.inclassdosportsplayvolleyball/soccer...55.使役動(dòng)詞make,have,let+sb.+dosth.get+sb.+todosth.56.lookup查閱lookdownupon看不起lookat看lookfor尋找lookafter照顧lookinto調(diào)查lookout小心looklike看起來像lookfortrouble自找麻煩，自討苦吃57.who引導(dǎo)的定語從句①定義：用一個(gè)句子來修飾前面的名詞或代詞的句子，叫做定語從句。②先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。③定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。④關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的連詞叫做關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。Heistheboywho/thatoftenhelpsme.youknowthelittleboy_______ishelpingtheoldmancrosstheroad?—No.Buthowniceheis!A.whichB.whoC.whombeinterestedininterest⑴n興趣→interestingadj.令人有興趣的（表語/定語）→interestedadj.對(duì)……感興趣（只做表語）⑵v.引起……關(guān)注；使……感興趣beinterestedinsth./doingsth.對(duì)……變得感興趣=showgreatinterestinsth./doingsth.表現(xiàn)出對(duì)……的極大興趣;(1)take/haveaninterestin=beinterestedin對(duì)……感興趣(2)placesofinterest名勝loseinterestin失去興趣bookisvery_____andIam____init.A.interest;interestB.interesting;interestedD.interested;interestedC.interested;interested58.asprep，"作為"，"以……身份"。beusedto(1)useadj.有用的useup用完StudyingEnglishis__________(use).(2)usesthtodosth用某物做某事WeuseInternet__________(find)information.(3)usedtodosth過去常常做某事，表示過去做過的事現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不做，只用于過去時(shí)態(tài)。Iusedtogetupatsix.(4)be/getusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣于做某事Mygrandpaisused___________(live)incountry.(5)beusedtodosth被用來做某事=beusedfordoingsthStampsisused____________(post)letters.doesJackusuallygotowork?—He______driveacar,butnowhe______theretoloseweight.A.usedto;isusedtowalkB.wasusedto;isusedtowalkingC.wasusedto;isusedtowalkD.usedto;isusedtowalkingof+the+adj.最高級(jí)+n復(fù)數(shù)”，做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。OneofthemostpopularcolorsisredinChina.goodbookmaybeoneofyourbest__________(friend).60.Therebe(are/were)manytimeswhen+定語從句almost/nearly有很多次……almost和nearly形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞和名詞,有時(shí)它們可以相互取代。lose→lostv失去becauseof由于；因?yàn)閘oseone’slife失去生命(1)becauseof+n/ving/代詞賓格(用于句中)She’sworriedbecauseofherson.(2)becauseconj+從句（引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句）Hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.(3)because還可以回答why引導(dǎo)的句子—Whydoyoulikepandas?—Becausetheyarecute.(4)because和so不能一起連用，二者只能用其一。bookshavebeensoldoutinmanybookstores___hiswinningoftheNobelLiteraturePrize.A.becauseB.sinceC.asD.becauseof61.on修飾具體的某一天didtheearthquakeinLushanhappen?—Ithappened______8:02______themorningofApril20,2013.A.on;inB.at;inC.at;onD.on;onfind→found→foundv尋找onaSundaymorning;onFriday(1)findsb.doingsth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事(2)findit+adj.+todosth發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很……◆finditdifficult/hardtodosth發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很困難ina...situation在一種...的情況下under,for對(duì)于...來說，為了，用來，由于，(表示時(shí)間)持續(xù)，花費(fèi)，支持。360-kilo位于名詞之前用作定語的復(fù)合修飾語之間，一般應(yīng)加連字符。Jimisa15-year-oldboy.吉姆是一個(gè)十五的男孩。byoneself=alone=onone’sownadj.單獨(dú)的，指無人陪伴的客觀事實(shí)，不帶感情色彩。63.freeadj.空閑的freetime；免費(fèi)的thedrinkisforfree；自由的Iwanttobecomeafreebird.v.使……解脫，得到自由Hecouldnotfreehisarm.64.hopetodosth./(that賓語從句)...65.run→ran→runv跑runoutof=useup用完outof其主語通常是人runout其主語通常是物runaway逃跑runacross偶然遇見runafter追求，追逐runat向…..沖去fathergavehimalotofmoneylastweek,buthehasrunoutofit.Nowsaskingmeforhelp.A.finishedrunningB.spentC.runoutsideD.goneouthave/hastodosomethingto+V原own①adj.自己的②v擁有→ownern所有者，物主one’sown某人自己的ofone’sown/one’sown+n某人自己的(one’s要用adj.物主代詞代替)Iwanttohaveabighouseofmyown.66.bereadytodosth.樂于做某事,準(zhǔn)備好了去做某事n.deathadj.dying將死的dieadj.dead--ThenationalheroWuBin,abusdriver,hardlyhadtimetothinkabouthimselfwhenindanger.--Yes,His____isstartingtomakepeoplethinkalot.A.dieB.deathC.deadD.died67.cutoff切除;切[隔]斷;剪[切，砍]下cutdown砍倒cutup切碎takeoff脫下，起飛putoff推遲getoff下車/馬，離開half①half用作名詞whole,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是halves：Cuttheappleintohalves.把蘋果切成兩半。②表示“某物的一半”用“halfa（an）+單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：halfanhour半小時(shí)halfakilo半公斤halfanorange半個(gè)桔子halfaday/week/month/year半天/半周/半個(gè)月/半年③表示“半公斤的……”用“halfakiloof+halfakiloofmeat（tomatoes）半公斤肉（西紅柿）④half用于一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上整數(shù)再加一半表示“幾個(gè)半”時(shí)，用“one（two…）+名詞+andahalf”或“one（two…）andahalf+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)要注意名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化。如：一個(gè)半小時(shí)onehourandahalf/oneandahalfhours⑤“ahalfkilo，則可說halfakilo或ahalfkiloahalfoneandahalfkilos相當(dāng)于onekiloandahalf（不說oneandhalfakilo）byhalf一半byhalves不完全地，不完善地halftime比賽上半場與下半場之間的休息時(shí)間68.sothat以便，為了引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,從句常出現(xiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may/might.can/could等，Theboyspokeloudlysothateveryonecouldhearhimclearly.teacherspeaksveryloudly____allthestudentscanhearher.A.sothatB.becauseC.sinceD.whenclimbdown爬下來69.abookcalled...叫做，稱為過去分詞短語做后置定語，是省略（whichiscalled）的一種。betweenarockandahardplace生死抉擇70.mean→meant→meantv意味著→meaningn意思(1)meandoingsth.意味著做某事(2)meantodosth.打算做某事【拓展】詢問“......的意思”的常用句型：Whatdoes...mean?/Whatisthemeaningof...?getoutof離開，從……出來getup起床geton上車getto到達(dá)getback返回getoff下車getonwith與……友好相處71.tellof告訴（某人）有關(guān)…的情況[信息]，談及;importantadj.重要的（反）unimportant→importancen重要性theimportanceof(doing)...某事的重要性parentshavetaughtme____________(…..的重要性)ofworkinghard.decidev決定→-decisionn決定(1)decidetodosth=makeupone’smindtodosth決定做某事(2)makeadecision(todosth.)下定決心去做某事classroomwas