2023屆北京市通州區(qū)一模英語試題講評(píng)課件

北京市通州區(qū)2023年高三年級(jí)模擬考試英語課件

講評(píng)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AstheforeignEnglishteacheratmyschool,IhaveaweeklyEnglishmusicbroadcastwhereIshowcasedifferentEnglishsongs.Itrytogetthestudentstorecommendsongstomeforthebroadcast.Atthebroadcast,Iusuallyannouncewhorecommendedthesongandthen____1____itforeveryonetohearduringlunchtime.Ioffereveryoneanopportunitytosharethemselvesthroughtheirmusic,includingone____2____studentofmine.Thisstudent____3____getsintofightswiththeotherstudents,doesn’tstudy,andbringsdowntheenergyoftheclass.Mostoftheotherteachersandstudentspushhimaway.Iknewthoughthathejustneededafriend,oratleastsomeonehecould____4____with.Icouldtellhewaswarminguptomeoverthelastyear.Itoldhimto____5____asonghelikesthathassomeEnglishwordsinitandIwouldplayitonthebroadcastforhim.Heeventuallyrecommendedasong.IactuallyreallylikedthesongsoIputitonthebroadcastandmadesuretoannouncehisname,soeveryoneknewthathe____6____andrecommendedsuchagreatsong.Needlesstosay,theboywas____7____,andhe’sbeenmuchhappierandfocusedinEnglishclasseversince.Whileeveryoneelsemisunderstoodhimandpushedhimaway,Isawhimrightthroughandknewthathejustneededsomeonewho____8____him.There’sstillalanguage____9____betweenus,butwordsaren’tneeded,becauseyoucanalwayssensewhereyou’reatwithsomeone.HerecentlywalkedbymeandgavemethemostgenuinesmilethatI’deverseen.Mycoworkerturnedtomeandsaid“I’veneverseenhimsmilelikethatbefore.Howdidyougetthroughtohim?”“Igavehima____10____,”Isaid,“throughjustonesong.”1.A.accept B.play C.choose D.change2.A.absent B.anxious C.tough D.quiet3.A.constantly B.finally C.carefully D.obviously4.A.cooperate B.agree C.argue D.connect5.A.thinkof B.listento C.talkabout D.handout6.A.gathered B.contributed C.remembered D.wrote7.A.interested B.confused C.astonished D.excited8.A.acknowledged B.persuaded C.entertained D.impressed9.A.trap B.boundary C.barrier D.disorder10A.word B.chance C.gift D.game【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D5.A6.B7.D8.A9.C10.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者通過播放一個(gè)調(diào)皮男孩推薦的歌曲，給了一個(gè)承認(rèn)他的機(jī)會(huì)，男孩也因此在英語課上變得更快樂、更專注了。【1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在廣播中，我通常會(huì)宣布是誰推薦了這首歌，然后在午餐時(shí)間播放給大家聽。A.accept接受；B.play播放；C.choose選擇；D.change改變。后文“itforeveryonetohearduringlunchtime”中it指代歌曲，故指播放歌曲，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞play。故選B?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我為每個(gè)人提供了一個(gè)通過音樂來分享自己的機(jī)會(huì)，包括我的一個(gè)棘手的學(xué)生。A.absent缺席的；B.anxious焦急的；C.tough艱難的，棘手的；D.quiet安靜的。根據(jù)后文“getsintofightswiththeotherstudents,doesn’tstudy,andbringsdowntheenergyoftheclass”可知這個(gè)學(xué)生不聽話，很棘手。故選C。【3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)學(xué)生經(jīng)常和其他學(xué)生打架，不學(xué)習(xí)，使班級(jí)的活力下降。A.constantly持續(xù)地；B.finally最后；C.carefully仔細(xì)地；D.obviously顯然。根據(jù)后文“getsintofightswiththeotherstudents,doesn’tstudy,andbringsdowntheenergyoftheclass”指這個(gè)學(xué)生經(jīng)常和其他學(xué)生打架，不學(xué)習(xí)，使班級(jí)的活力下降。故選A。【4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：不過我知道他只是需要一個(gè)朋友，或者至少是一個(gè)他可以交流的人。A.cooperate合作；B.agree同意；C.argue爭論；D.connect連接。根據(jù)上文“Iknewthoughthathejustneededafriend,oratleastsomeonehecould”可知，男孩需要一個(gè)朋友，一個(gè)可以聯(lián)系交流的人。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：我告訴他想一首他喜歡的歌，里面有一些英語單詞，我會(huì)在廣播里放給他聽。A.thinkof想起；B.listento聽；C.talkabout談?wù)?；D.handout分發(fā)。根據(jù)后文“asonghelikesthathassomeEnglishwordsinit”指作者讓男生想一起喜歡的歌。故選A。【6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我真的很喜歡這首歌，所以我把它放在廣播中，并確保宣布他的名字，所以每個(gè)人都知道，他貢獻(xiàn)和推薦這樣一首好歌曲。A.gathered聚集；B.contributed貢獻(xiàn)；C.remembered記得；D.wrote寫。根據(jù)后文“andrecommendedsuchagreatsong”指男生貢獻(xiàn)和推薦這樣一首好歌曲。故選B?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：不用說，男孩很興奮，從那以后，他在英語課上變得更快樂、更專注了。A.interested感興趣的；B.confused困惑的；C.astonished吃驚的；D.excited激動(dòng)的。根據(jù)后文“andhe’sbeenmuchhappierandfocusedinEnglishclasseversince”可知，作者的做法讓男孩很激動(dòng)，因此從那以后，他在英語課上變得更快樂、更專注了。故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。LastyearIruinedmysummervacationbybringingalongamodernconveniencethatwastooconvenientformyowngood:mytablet.Istucktomyworkdaydietoffournewspaperseachmorning.Andthatwastheproblem:IwasbehavingasifIwerestillintheoffice,____11____(stick)totheunendingnewscycle.Mybodywasonvacation____12____myheadwasn’t.SothisyearImakeupmymindtotrysomethingdifferent:stayingawayfromtheInternet.Iknowitwon’tbeeasy,butIamdetermined.Avacation____13____(suppose)tohelpyouresetyourbraintobecomemoreproductive.【答案】11.sticking12.but13.issupposed【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。講述作者決定吸取去年旅行的教訓(xùn)，今年旅行時(shí)不帶筆記本電腦，充分放松自己?！?1題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：這就是問題所在：我表現(xiàn)得好像還在辦公室里，被無休止的新聞循環(huán)所束縛?？仗帒?yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，邏輯主語I和stickto之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填sticking。【12題詳解】考查并列連詞。句意：我的身體在度假，但我的大腦卻沒有。結(jié)合句意可知是，上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用but連接。故填but?！?3題詳解】考查固定短語和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：假期應(yīng)該能幫助你重新調(diào)整大腦，使其更有效率。句子陳述客觀事實(shí)，用一B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Despitetherapidprogressofsociety,thereisawidespreadrecognitionthatthequalityoflifeinlargecitiesisgettingmuch____14____(bad).Theproperwaytotacklethisproblemisdevelopingmixed-useareas.Mixed-useareas,forexample,maycontainofficesandbusinesses,apartments,andentertainmentfacilities.____15____(apparent),theyattractpeoplewhowanttoliveandworkinthesamearea.Therefore,peoplespendlesstimeincarsdrivingtoworkandplay,____16____inturnreducespollutionandpossiblyimprovesthewell-beingofthepopulation.【答案】14.worse15.Apparently16.which【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。盡管社會(huì)發(fā)展迅速，人們普遍認(rèn)識(shí)到大城市的生活質(zhì)量越來越差。解決這一問題的正確方法是開發(fā)綜合功能區(qū)。例如，混合用途區(qū)域可能包含辦公室和企業(yè)、公寓和娛樂設(shè)施。顯然，它們吸引了想在同一地區(qū)生活和工作的人。因此，人們花更少的時(shí)間開車去工作和娛樂，這反過來又減少了污染，并可能改善人們的福祉?！?4題詳解】考查比較級(jí)。句意：盡管社會(huì)發(fā)展迅速，人們普遍認(rèn)識(shí)到大城市的生活質(zhì)量越來越差。結(jié)合句意和much可知，此處用形容詞比較級(jí)作表語。故填worse。【15題詳解】考查副詞。句意：顯然，它們吸引了想在同一地區(qū)生活和工作的人。修飾后文句子應(yīng)用副詞apparently，作狀語，句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填A(yù)pparently。【16題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：因此，人們花更少的時(shí)間開車去工作和娛樂，這反過來又減少了污染，并可能改善人們的福祉。非限制性定語從句修飾上文句子，從句缺少主語，故用which引導(dǎo)。故填which。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TraditionalChinesetea-making____17____(consist)ofknowledge,skills,andpracticesaboutthemanagementofteaplantations,pickingoftealeaves,andtheprocessing,drinking,andsharingoftea.Notonlyaretea-relatedcustomsfoundacrossthecountry,butalsothey____18____(influence)therestoftheworldsinceancienttimesthroughtheancientSilkRoadandtraderoutes.Teashavepleasedandfascinatedtheworld____19____thousandsofyears.Theyhavefinallyreceivedtop-levelglobalrecognitionasa____20____(share)culturaltreasureofhumankind.【答案】17.consists18.havebeeninfluencing##haveinfluenced19.for20.shared【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。傳統(tǒng)的中國制茶包括茶園的管理、茶葉的采摘、茶葉的加工、飲用和分享的知識(shí)、技能和實(shí)踐。與茶有關(guān)的習(xí)俗不僅遍布全國，而且自古以來就通過古絲綢之路和貿(mào)易路線影響著世界其他地區(qū)。幾千年來，茶一直為世界所喜愛和著迷。它們終于得到了全球最高級(jí)別的認(rèn)可，成為人類共同的文化瑰寶?！?7題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：傳統(tǒng)的中國制茶包括茶園的管理、茶葉的采摘、茶葉的加工、飲用和分享的知識(shí)、技能和實(shí)踐。陳述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語為TraditionalChinesetea-making，謂語用三單形式。故填consists?！?8題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：與茶有關(guān)的習(xí)俗不僅遍布全國，而且自古以來就通過古絲綢之路和貿(mào)易路線影響著世界其他地區(qū)。根據(jù)后文sinceancienttimes可知表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，動(dòng)作不間斷，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；或表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主語為they，助動(dòng)詞用have。故填havebeeninfluencing/haveinfluenced。19題詳解】考查介詞。句意：幾千年來，茶一直為世界所喜愛和著迷。后跟一段時(shí)間，表示“幾千年來”應(yīng)用介詞for。故填for?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：它們終于得到了全球最高級(jí)別的認(rèn)可，成為人類共同的文化瑰寶。修飾名詞treasure應(yīng)用形容詞shared，作定語。故填shared。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)AThroughinteractingwithpeopleandtheoutdoors,acyclingholidaycanboostbothyourphysicalandmentalwell-being.WehaveresearchedthebestroutesfortheperfectcyclingholidayhereintheUK.WithlocationsacrosstheUK,you’llbesuretofindyournextcyclingdestinationhere.CamelTrailThebestcyclingroutehereintheUKistheCamelTrailinNorthCornwall.Stretching27.8kmsfromPadstowtoWenfordbridge,thiscyclingrouteisnotonlyafairlyflatcycle,butisalsohometosomebreathtakingviewsofthecoastandfamily-friendlycampingspots.Perfectforfamilies,theCamelTrailfollowsalongsidesandybeachesandvillagesalongtheway,meaningthere’smoretodiscover.TissingtonTrailTheTissingtonTrailtakesyoufromAshbourneintheDerbyshireDales,allthewayuptoParsleyHay.TakingyouthroughthesouthofthebeautifulPeakDistrict,theTissingtonTrailfollowsanoldrailwaylinewhichstillhastheformerstationplatforms.Filledwithlotsofhistoryandnature,andonlya25-minutedrivetoAltonTowersforabitofaddedfun,thisholidayisjam-packedwithplentytodoforthewholefamily.DerbyCanalPathandCloudTrailTheDerbyCanalPathandCloudTrailstretches21.4kmsfromDerbytothemarkettownofLoughborough.Takingyoualongthepicturesquecountryside,andwatersidesections,thiscyclingroutehasitall.LocalattractionsontherouteincludeMelboumeHallandGardens,andMelboumeAnimalFarm.Marriott’sWayTheMarriott’sWayisanotherlongdistancecycleandfootpaththatstartsinNorwichandfinishesinReepham.PerfectforcyclingthroughNorfolk’spicturesquewoodlands,theMarriott’sWayalsopassesthroughpicturesquesmalltownsandvillagesincludingAttlebridge,Whitwell,andThemeThorpe.TheMarriott’sWaycyclingtrailhasthesteepestascentoutofthefourbestcyclingholidays,somaybethebestforthosewhoarekeenriders.Ifyouchoosetoventureoutonacyclingholidaythisyear,you’llfeelthebenefitofspendingtimewithfamilyandfriendswhileexploringsomeoftheUK’smostscenicandenjoyablecyclingroutes.TakeyourpickfromourbestcyclingholidaysintheUKforyournextstaycation,whetheryou’reanoviceriderorlookingforachallenge.21.Whatcanpeoplegainfromacyclingholiday?A.Improvedcyclingskills.B.Bettermoodandstrongerbody.C.Increasedknowledgeoftheocean.D.Deepenedunderstandingofgreentravelling.22.Ifyouareinterestedinthebeautifulsceneryandhistory,youcanchoose________.A.CamelTrailB.TissingtonTrailC.DerbyCanalPathandCloudTrailD.Marriott’sWay23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Todiscussthebenefitsofcycling.B.Toencouragepeopletogocycling.C.Tointroducesomecyclingholidaytracks.D.Toanalyzethedifferencesamongthefourroutes.【答案】21.B22.B23.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個(gè)在英國適合假期自行車騎行的最佳路線?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段首句“Throughinteractingwithpeopleandtheoutdoors,acyclingholidaycanboostbothyourphysicalandmentalwell-being.(通過與人們和戶外活動(dòng)的互動(dòng)，自行車假期可以促進(jìn)你的身心健康)”可知，作者認(rèn)為騎行過程可以強(qiáng)身健體，又能是心情舒暢。故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TissingtonTrail部分“TakingyouthroughthesouthofthebeautifulPeakDistrict,theTissingtonTrailfollowsanoldrailwaylinewhichstillhastheformerstationplatforms.Filledwithlotsofhistoryandnature,andonlya25-minutedrivetoAltonTowersforabitofaddedfun,thisholidayisjam-packedwithplentytodoforthewholefamily.(TissingtonTrail將帶您穿過美麗的山頂區(qū)(PeakDistrict)南部，沿著一條古老的鐵路線，這里仍然保留著以前的車站月臺(tái)。這里充滿了歷史和自然風(fēng)光，距離奧爾頓塔只有25分鐘的車程，可以增加一點(diǎn)樂趣，這個(gè)假期為全家人提供了大量的活動(dòng))”可知，對(duì)美麗景色和歷史感興趣的騎行者會(huì)對(duì)TissingtonTrail感興趣。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“WehaveresearchedthebestroutesfortheperfectcyclingholidayhereintheUK.WithlocationsacrosstheUK,you’llbesuretofindyournextcyclingdestinationhere.(我們研究了在英國度過完美自行車假期的最佳路線。在英國各地，你一定會(huì)在這里找到你的下一個(gè)騎行目的地)”并結(jié)合下文可知，文章主要向讀者介紹了四個(gè)適合假期自行車騎行的最佳路徑。故選C項(xiàng)。BIstillrememberhowapetmousewaspopularamongmyclassmatesinBroadbeachStateSchool.Oneday,myfriendsandIdecidedtobuyapetmouse.Thepetshopkeeperwouldn’tsellusoneuntilhegotourparents’letterthatcouldshowtheirpermissionforustogetapet.So,havingtheneatesthandwriting,Ifakedone.Thestoreownerquicklysawthroughmyhandwritingandaskedmetocontactmymothertoconfirmthesituation.Mytrickquicklyfailed,anditwasallmessedup.Mymumgotveryangryandfeltthatthepunishmentshouldfitthecrime.Knowingthatmywritingwaspoorandalwaysinneedofimprovement,shemademewriteletterstoafewrandomlyselectedrelatives.OneofthemwasmyunclewhomI’donlymetafewtimeswhenIwasakindergartner.Iwrotealongletterdetailingmylifeandlistingmyinterests.Mypunishmentwascomplete.IforgotaboutthisuntilIsuddenlygotareplyfrommyuncle.“Howlovelytohearfromyou,”hesaid,andwentontotellmeallabouthislife.He’dlovetohearaboutwhatsubjectsatschoolIenjoyed.Andsostartedacorrespondence(信件往來)thatwentonforseveralyears.Heturnedouttobethemostfascinatingman.Thenoutoftheblue,hedied.Mymumtookthephonecallandshewasshocked.Shedeeplyregretteditastheyhadnotreallyspokenforyearsbecauseoftheirbusylifeandworkload.Iwentupstairsandproducedaboxofletters,thelastonebeingfromjustafewdaysbeforehehadpassedaway.Mymumbegantoreadthemandknewthatalthoughshehadn’tbeenintouch,Ihadgrownclosetohimbywritingtohim,whichrelievedandcalmedher.Infact,Ithenbecameclosetohiswife,whomIalsowrotetoformanyyears.Ioftenthinkabouthowthatonenaughtychildhoodcrimeledtosuchanenrichingcorrespondencethatstretchedonformanyyears.Itencouragedmetowritetolotsofotherpeopleinfact,andit’ssomethingIkeepupwithtothisday.Besides,receivingaletterissuchalovelysurprise.Beboldandwritetosomeoneyoumaybedon’tknowthatwell.Whoknowswhereitwilllead?24.Whydidtheauthor’smumaskhimtowritealettertohisuncle?A.Becausehedidsomethingwrong.B.Becausetheyhadn’tspokenforyears.C.Becausehisunclewantedtohearfromthem.D.Becausehewantedtosharehisjoyofowningapet.25.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor?A.Heendedthecorrespondenceafterhisunclepassedaway.B.Hefoundhisuncleextremelyinterestingandattractive.C.Hewasnotinterestedinkeepingincontactwithhisuncle.D.Hismumkeptclosecontactwithhisunclethroughletters.26.Howdidtheauthor’smotherfeelwhenreadingtheletters?A.Comforted.B.Regretful.C.Astonished.D.Pleased.27.Whatmainmessagedoesthewriterexpressinthepassage?A.Weshouldappreciatesomethingbeforeit’sgone.B.Writingletterscanbeawaytomakeupforpastmistakes.C.It’simportanttotellthetruthandbehonestinyourwriting.D.Writinglettershasthepowerofstrengtheningbondswithothers.【答案】24.A25.B26.A27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了小作者想要在店里買一只寵物，他偽造了一封信，表示母親允許買寵物。事情敗露，作為懲罰，媽媽要求他給親戚寫信，作者和他舅舅通信多年，直到舅舅去世時(shí)，媽媽很后悔沒有和舅舅多多聯(lián)系，得知孩子一直和舅舅通信感到很欣慰。作者認(rèn)為，信心可以增進(jìn)親情。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Mytrickquicklyfailed,anditwasallmessedup.(我的把戲很快就失敗了，一切都搞砸了)”及第二段“Mymumgotveryangryandfeltthatthepunishmentshouldfitthecrime.Knowingthatmywritingwaspoorandalwaysinneedofimprovement,shemademewriteletterstoafewrandomlyselectedrelatives.(我媽媽非常生氣，覺得懲罰應(yīng)該與罪行相稱。她知道我的文筆很差，總是需要改進(jìn)，于是讓我給幾個(gè)隨機(jī)挑選的親戚寫信)”可知，作者做錯(cuò)事假冒媽媽筆跡寫信，媽媽讓作者給親戚寫信是作為懲罰。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段末句“Heturnedouttobethemostfascinatingman.(事實(shí)證明他原來是最迷人的人)”可知，作者對(duì)舅舅是贊美的，fascinating一詞表明舅舅是很有趣很有魅力的人。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Mymumbegantoreadthemandknewthatalthoughshehadn’tbeenintouch,Ihadgrownclosetohimbywritingtohim,whichrelievedandcalmedher.(我媽媽開始讀這些信，她知道雖然她還沒有聯(lián)系過，但我通過給他寫信已經(jīng)和他親近了，這讓她松了一口氣，也讓她平靜了下來)”可知，媽媽得知作者舅舅去世時(shí)是很震驚，很難過，并且很后悔沒有和他多聯(lián)系?？墒撬雷髡吆途司艘恢痹谕ㄐ牛⑶易x了那些信件時(shí)心情好多了，感到很欣慰，難過的心情得到撫慰，comforted和relieved意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itencouragedmetowritetolotsofotherpeopleinfact,andit’ssomethingIkeepupwithtothisday.Besides,receivingaletterissuchalovelysurprise.Beboldandwritetosomeoneyoumaybedon’tknowthatwell.Whoknowswhereitwilllead?(事實(shí)上，它鼓勵(lì)我給很多其他人寫信，我一直堅(jiān)持到今天。此外，收到一封信是一個(gè)如此可愛的驚喜。大膽地寫信給你可能不太了解的人。誰知道會(huì)發(fā)生什么呢)”可知，作者建議大家給親人寫信。作者通過和之前不太熟悉的舅舅通信，和舅舅一直保持通信，和舅舅維系了親情，并在舅舅去世媽媽傷心難過時(shí)，那些信安慰到了媽媽。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為寫信有著神奇的力量可以增進(jìn)關(guān)系，并建議讀者寫信。故選D項(xiàng)。CRememberyourfirstdayofschool?Howdidyourmumpickoutyourclothesthedaybeforeandhownervousdidyoufeelwhenenteringtheclassroom?Orwhataboutthefirsttimeyourodeabike,withalloftheexcitementcoursingthroughyourveins(靜脈)?Somememoriesstickwithusandwecanrecallthemlikescenesinamovie.Theseareknownasepisodicmemories.Anewstudypublishedinthejournal,ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,hasshownthatcertaincells,calledtimecells,makethistypeofmemorypossible.Thesecellshelpusformclearmemoriesinchronological(時(shí)間順序的)order.Asmemoriesarebeingformed,thesetimecellsputastamponthememories.Later,thisstamphelpsusrecounttheexactsequenceofeventsandexperiences.The27participantsinthestudyhadelectrodesplacedintheirbrains.Thisallowedscientiststomeasurecellactivityinthehippocampus(海馬體)andanotherareainvolvedintheperceptionoftime.Theparticipantswereshownsequencesof12to15wordsonacomputerscreeninaperiodofabout30seconds.Thentheywereaskedtorecallthewords.Duringthistime,thescientistslookedattheactivityofdifferentbraincells.Theyfoundthatspecificcellsfiredsignalsduringeachsequenceofwords.“Thetimecellsthatwefoundaremarkingoutdiscreet(不顯眼的)segments(片段)oftimewithin···thisapproximately30-secondwindow,”saidBradLega,aneurosurgeonattheUniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenter,US.Thisprovesthepossibleexistenceoftimecellsinthehumanbrain.GyorgyBuzsaki,aprofessoratNewYorkUniversity,saidthestudyisimportantasitcanexplainmemoryproblemsfoundinpeoplewhosuffereddamagetotheirhippocampus.Inoneexperiment,scientistscomparedthememoriesofpeoplewhohadjusttakenatourofacollegecampus.Thosewithoutdamagetotheirhippocampushadsimilarstories.However,thosewhohadsuffereddamagetothisareaofthebrainwereunabletorecallthepropersequenceofevents.Thenumberofpeoplesufferingfrommemorydisordersisincreasingsignificantly.AsofSepetmber2019,around50millionpeopleworldwideweresufferingfromdementia(癡呆),andthenumberwilltripleby2050,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.SuchstudieswillhelpscientistsdevelopbettermedicalinterventionsforpeoplesufferingfromAlzheimer’sdisease,thecauseof60to70percentofdementiacases.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“recount”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Decide.B.Tell.C.Create.D.Predict.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Mostoftheparticipantscouldnotrecallthewordsequence.B.Participantswererequiredtospeakoutthewordswithin30seconds.C.Peoplewithdamagedhippocampuscouldalsorecallthesequenceofevents.D.Whiletheparticipantswererecallingthewords,certainbraincellsreleasedsignals.30.Whatdoesthestudytrytofindout?A.Howhumans’feelingoftimechangesovertime.B.Howoftenbraincellssendsignalsduringanevent.C.Howbraincellsworktoremembersequencesofevents.D.Howthebrainmemorizeseventsthatpeoplehaveexperienced.31.Whatcanthestudybeappliedto?A.Findingthetruecauseofdementia.B.Discoveringtimecellsincreatures.C.Findingwaystocurememorydisorders.D.DecidingthereasonforAlzheimer’sdisease.【答案】28.B29.D30.C31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了情景記憶的形成機(jī)制、實(shí)驗(yàn)過程及意義。【28題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段的“Thesecellshelpusformclearmemoriesinchronological(時(shí)間順序的)order.Asmemoriesarebeingformed,thesetimecellsputastamponthememories.(這些細(xì)胞幫助我們按照時(shí)間順序形成清晰的記憶。當(dāng)記憶形成時(shí)，這些時(shí)間細(xì)胞會(huì)在記憶上打上印記)”可知，時(shí)間細(xì)胞幫助我們按時(shí)間順序形成清晰的記憶，并且打上印記。由此推知，后來這些“印記”就可以幫助我們按經(jīng)歷事件的順序來講述。即recount意為“講述”，與tell同義。故選B?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thentheywereaskedtorecallthewords.Duringthistime,thescientistslookedattheactivityofdifferentbraincells.Theyfoundthatspecificcellsfiredsignalsduringeachsequenceofwords.(然后他們被要求回憶這些單詞。在此期間，科學(xué)家們觀察了不同腦細(xì)胞的活動(dòng)。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，特定的細(xì)胞在每個(gè)單詞序列中都會(huì)發(fā)出信號(hào))”可知，當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)參與者們回憶這些單詞時(shí)，特定的大腦細(xì)胞釋放處了信號(hào)。故選D。DYoumayhaveheardoftheTasmaniantiger—butyoumostcertainlyhaveneverseenone.Alongwithmanyotherspeciesoverthepasthundredyears,thiscreaturebecameextinctbecauseofhumans.Now,scientistsinAustraliaandtheUSaretryingtobringitbacktolife.Bringingspeciesbackfromthedeadisknownasdeextinction.Thoughitsoundslikesomethingfromasciencefictionmovie,newtechnologieshavemadede-extinctionaveryrealpossibility.To“bringback”anextinctspecies,scientiststakestemcellsfromacloselyrelatedlivinganimalandeditthegenes.Then,thecellsgrowintoanewanimal.Thisnewanimalisnotanexactcopyoftheextinctone,butit’sveryclose.Intheory,scientistscouldcreateentirepopulationsofanimalsandsetthemfreeinthewild.Ifsuccessful,thede-extinctionprojectinAustraliacouldhaveafavorableimpactontheenvironment.TasmaniantigerscouldhelpbringbalancetoAustralia’sremainingforestsbyhuntingandkillinganimalsthatareharmingthetrees.Indeed,somethingsimilarhappenedwhenwolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneParkin1995,withdeerandplantpopulationsrebalancedasaresult.De-extinctionisnotaperfectsolution,however.Foronething,itwon’tchangethehumanbehaviorsthatcauseanimalstobecomeextinctinthefirstplace.Ifwecontinuepollutinganddestroyingtheenvironment,animalswillcontinuetodieout.Theonlywaywecantrulyprotectthemisbychangingourhabits.Bringingextinctspeciesbacktolifewon’tmagicallymakeusrespectnaturemore.Also,themoneythatwespendonde-extinctionwouldprobablybebetterspentonotherconservationprojects.Or,asthoseagainstde-extinctionwouldputit,it’sbettertospendmoneyonthelivingratherthanthedead.Thereasonforthisisthat,comparedtootherefforts,de-extinctionisextremelyexpensive.Infact,forthecostofbringingoneextinctspeciesbacktolife,traditionalconservationeffortscouldsaveuptoeightthreatenedones.Thepowerofscienceisamazing,butitmightbetimeforustostopanddecidewhetherde-extinctionissomethingwereallywanttoachieve.Withthetechnologywecurrentlyhave,thequestionisnolonger“canwe?”but“shouldwe?”32.Whydoesthewritermention“wolvesintroducedtoYellowstonePark”?A.Totesttheeffectofde-extinction. B.Todiscusstheimportanceofdeextinction.C.Toillustratethepossibleeffectofde-extinction. D.Topresentasuccessfulexampleofde-extinction.33.Whatcanwelearnaboutde-extinctioninthepassage?A.Itdemandslargeexpenses. B.Ithelpsadjusthumanbehaviours.C.Itthreatensthecurrentecosystem. D.Itrestoresthebalancebetweenhumansandnature.34.Whatistheauthor’sviewonde-extinction?A.Neutral. B.Opposed. C.Supportive. D.Unconcerned.【答案】32.D33.A34.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了“反滅絕”技術(shù)，可以讓使滅絕物種恢復(fù)。文章介紹了這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的操作方式以及作者對(duì)此的看法?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Ifsuccessful,thede-extinctionprojectinAustraliacouldhaveafavorableimpactontheenvironment.TasmaniantigerscouldhelpbringbalancetoAustralia’sremainingforestsbyhuntingandkillinganimalsthatareharmingthetrees.Indeed,somethingsimilarhappenedwhenwolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneParkin1995,withdeerandplantpopulationsrebalancedasaresult.(如果成功，澳大利亞的反滅絕項(xiàng)目將對(duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生有利影響。塔斯馬尼亞虎可以通過獵殺傷害樹木的動(dòng)物來幫助維持澳大利亞現(xiàn)存森林的平衡。事實(shí)上，1995年黃石公園重新引入狼時(shí)，也發(fā)生了類似的事情，結(jié)果鹿和植物的數(shù)量重新平衡)”可推知，作者提到“引入黃石公園的狼”是為了提出一個(gè)反滅絕的成功例子。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whetheritisinafamilyboardgame,orduringcompetitivesports,itcanbeeasytospotsorelosers.Duringthosetimeswhenwearefacedwithloss.sorelosersstrugglemorethanothers.Whensorelosersnoticethattheyareloweringintherankings,theymaytrytowinatallcosts.____35____Therefore,they’repreparedtodoanythingintheirpowertoavoidthemevenifthatinvolvesimmoralbehaviours.____36____Theyconstantlycalculatetheirunlikelihoodofawininthecompetitions.Andwhentheriskoflosingisveryhigh,theywillimmediatelywithdrawfromthegame.That’sbecausequittingisthelastwaytoensurelosingdoesn’thappen.Perhapsthebiggestrevealingofsorelosersistheirattitude.____37____Thiscanbelinkedbacktoevolutionarybenefits,aschannelingthisfrustrationhelpedourancestorssucceed.Afterlosingahunt,forexample,thesefeelingsmadethemtryharderuntiltheyweresuccessful.Whatcanwedotoavoidbecomingsorelosers?Onewayinthefirstplaceistoplayandexplorewhatyou’regoodatwithoutanysuccesscriteria.Thenwhenitdoescometolosing,identifywhatwaswithinyourcontrolandwhetheritwasdowntoluck,talent,orpractice.____38____Winningfeelsessentialnow,buthowwilltheresultaffectyoutomorrow?Chancesare,it-won’tbeassignificantthen.____39____A.Thesethoughtprocessescanhelpyoutogaininsight.B.Thestrategymayinvolvetheparticipantbecomingangrybeforehand.C.Givingupbeforetheresultsarefinalizedisanothersignofsorelosers.D.Thisisbecausethelosswillbringaboutsomeunwantednegativefeelings.E.Formanypeople,controllingangerisimpossibleastheirlossisannounced.F.Mostofuscanacceptthenegativeconsequencesoflosingafiercecompetition.G.Anotherwayistoconsidertheconsequencesofwinningorlosinginyourfuture.【答案】35.D36.C37.E38.G39.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了輸不起的人的特點(diǎn)以及解決方法?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whensorelosersnoticethattheyareloweringintherankings,theymaytrytowinatallcosts.(當(dāng)輸不起人注意到自己的排名在下降時(shí)，他們可能會(huì)不惜一切代價(jià)爭取勝利)”以及后文“Therefore,they’repreparedtodoanythingintheirpowertoavoidthemevenifthatinvolvesimmoralbehaviours.(因此，他們準(zhǔn)備盡其所能避免他們，即使這涉及不道德的行為)”可知，后文提到了輸不起的人想要避免一些東西，本句承接上文說明他們爭取勝利的原因，D選項(xiàng)someunwantednegativefeelings對(duì)應(yīng)后文them。故D選項(xiàng)“這是因?yàn)槭?huì)帶來一些不想要的負(fù)面情緒”符合語境，故選D?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Theyconstantlycalculatetheirunlikelihoodofawininthecompetitions.Andwhentheriskoflosingisveryhigh,theywillimmediatelywithdrawfromthegame.That’sbecausequittingisthelastwaytoensurelosingdoesn’thappen.(他們不斷計(jì)算自己在比賽中獲勝的可能性。當(dāng)失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)非常高時(shí)，他們會(huì)立即退出游戲。那是因?yàn)榉艞壥谴_保不會(huì)失敗的最后一種方法)”后文提到“當(dāng)失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)非常高時(shí)，他們會(huì)立即退出游戲”，即在確定結(jié)果之前就放棄。故C選項(xiàng)“在結(jié)果確定之前放棄是輸不起的人的另一個(gè)表現(xiàn)”符合語境，故選C?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Perhapsthebiggestrevealingofsorelosersistheirattitude.(也許最能揭示輸不起的人的是他們的態(tài)度)”以及后文“Thiscanbelinkedbacktoevolutionarybenefits,aschannelingthisfrustrationhelpedourancestorssucceed.Afterlosingahunt,forexample,thesefeelingsmadethemtryharderuntiltheyweresuccessful.(這可以追溯到進(jìn)化的好處，因?yàn)橐龑?dǎo)這種挫折幫助我們的祖先成功。例如，在一次狩獵失敗后，這些感覺會(huì)讓他們更加努力，直到成功)”可知，本句主要關(guān)于輸不起的人對(duì)待失敗的態(tài)度，故E選項(xiàng)“對(duì)許多人來說，當(dāng)他們的損失被宣布時(shí)，控制憤怒是不可能的”符合語境，故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)“Winningfeelsessentialnow,buthowwilltheresultaffectyoutomorrow?Chancesare,it-won’tbeassignificantthen.(現(xiàn)在贏感覺很重要，但結(jié)果對(duì)你明天有什么影響？很有可能，到那時(shí)它就不會(huì)那么重要了)”可知，后文提到了考慮輸贏對(duì)未來