2016年5月二級筆譯考試真題與答案

2016年5月英語二級筆譯真題Section1:English-ChineseTranslation(50points)Passage1JaneGoodallwasalreadyonaLondondockinMarch1957whensherealizedthatherpassportwasmissing.Injustafewhours,shewasduetodepartonherfirsttriptoAfrica.AschoolfriendhadmovedtoafarmoutsideNairobiand,knowingGoodall’schildhooddreamwastoliveamongtheAfricanwildlife,invitedhertostaywiththefamilyforawhile.Goodall,then22,savedfortwoyearstopayforherpassagetoKenya:waitressing,doingsecretarialwork,tempingatthepostofficeinherhometown,Bournemouth,onEngland’ssoutherncoast.Nowallthiswasfornaught,itseemed.It’shardnottowonderhowsubsequenteventsinherlife—ratherconsequentialastheyhaveturnedouttobetoconservation,toscience,tooursenseofourselvesasaspecies—mighthaveunfoldeddifferentlyhadsomeonenotfoundherpassport,alongwithanitineraryfromCook’s,thetravelagency,foldedinside,anddeliveredittotheCook’soffice.Anagencyrepresentative,documentsinhand,foundheronthedock.“Incredible,”Goodalltoldmelastmonth,recallingthatday.“Amazing.”Withintwomonthsofherarrival,GoodallmetthepaleontologistLouisLeakey—Nairobiwasasmalltownforitswhitepopulationinthosedays—andheimmediatelyofferedherajobatthenatural-historymuseumwherehewascurator.Hespentmuchofthenextthreeyearstestinghercapacityforrepetitivework.HebelievedinahypothesisfirstputforthbyCharlesDarwinthathumansandchimpanzeesshareanevolutionaryancestor.Closestudyofchimpanzeesinthewild,hethought,mighttellussomethingaboutthatcommonprogenitor.Hewas,inotherwords,lookingforsomeonetoliveamongAfrica’swildanimals.Onenight,hetoldGoodallthatheknewjusttheplacewhereshecoulddoit:GombeStreamChimpanzeeReserve,intheBritishcolonyofTanganyika(nowTanzania).InJuly1960,Goodallboardedaboatandafterafewhoursmotoringoverthewarm,deepwatersofLakeTanganyika,shesteppedontothepebblybeachatGombe.Herfinding,publishedinNaturein1964,thatchimpanzeesusetools—extractinginsectsfromatermitemoundwithleavesofgrass—drasticallyandforeveralteredhumanity’sunderstandingofitself;manwasnolongerthenaturalworld’sonlyuseroftools.Aftertwoandahalfdecadesoflivingoutherchildhooddream,Goodallmadeanabruptcareershift,fromscientisttoconservationist.Passage2ScientistshavefoundthefirstevidencethatbrinywaterflowedonthesurfaceofMarsasrecentlyaslastsummer,apaperpublishedonMondayshowed,raisingthepossibilitythattheplanetcouldsupportlife.Althoughthesourceandthechemistryofthewaterisunknown,thediscoverywillchangescientists’thinkingaboutwhethertheplanetthatismostlikeEarthinthesolarsystemcouldsupportpresentdaymicrobiallife.ThediscoverywasmadewhenscientistsdevelopedanewtechniquetoanalyzechemicalmapsofthesurfaceofMarsobtainedbyNASA’sMarsReconnaissanceOrbiterspacecraft.Theyfoundtelltalefingerprintsofsaltsthatformonlyinthepresenceofwaterinnarrowchannelscutintocliffwallsthroughouttheplanet’sequatorialregion.TheslopesappearduringthewarmsummermonthsonMars,thenvanishwhenthetemperaturesdrop.Scientistssuspectedthestreakswerecutbyflowingwater,butpreviouslyhadbeenunabletomakethemeasurements.MarsReconnaissanceOrbitermakesitsmeasurementsduringthehottestpartoftheMartianday,soscientistsbelievedanytracesofwater,orfingerprintsfromhydratedminerals,wouldhaveevaporated.Also,thechemical-sensinginstrumentontheorbitingspacecraftcannothomeinondetailsassmallasthenarrowstreaks,whichtypicallyarelessthan16feetwide.ButOjhaandcolleaguescreatedacomputerprogramthatcouldscrutinize古爾多用25年實現(xiàn)了自己兒時夢想后，突然改行，不當科學家，而當了一名環(huán)保工作者。Passage2

科學家已發(fā)現(xiàn)首個證據(jù)，表明夏季火星表面可能有鹵水流動。非常重要的是確認火星表面有水。這將引發(fā)一系列問題，其中最主要的問題是：水從哪里來，它對發(fā)現(xiàn)過去和現(xiàn)在的生命跡象意味著什么？

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了能夠證明生命痕跡的鹽指紋。只有遍布火星赤道地區(qū)的懸崖峭壁上的狹窄溝槽內(nèi)存在水，鹽指紋才能形成。溫暖夏季，火星上出現(xiàn)坡地，一旦降溫，坡地便消失?？茖W家們懷疑，火星上的這些溝槽是水流沖刷而成，但以前一直無法測量這些溝槽。

水里含鹽很重要。否則，當火星溫度降到刺骨寒冷時，水就會凍結(jié)。水可能源自表層冰，也可能是鹽從稀薄的火星大氣層里吸取的水分，或者可能是由含水層的冒泡形成。

水的發(fā)現(xiàn)很重要，這會影響到人們對于太陽系中最像地球的火星是否能夠為今天微生物提供生命支持的思考。

火星偵察軌道在火星最熱時進行測量，因此，科學家們曾認為，即使有水痕或有水合礦物指紋，都可能蒸發(fā)了。而且，軌道航天器上的化學傳感器不能拍攝小溝槽，它們通常不到16英尺寬。

但是，科學家開發(fā)了一個電腦程序，可以仔細觀測單個像素。然后，將這些數(shù)據(jù)與高分辨率圖像上的溝槽進行對比分析，科學家集中觀察最寬溝槽，結(jié)果溝槽的地理位置與檢測到的地理位置與檢測到的水合鹽完全匹配。

隨后，美國國家航空航天局發(fā)表新聞公告，宣布“火星秘密已經(jīng)揭開”，但卻絲毫沒有透露所謂“秘密”。奧基哈說：“美國國家航空航天局的公告有點言過其實了?！薄斑€有太多的謎團尚待解開?！?/p>

不管水從哪里來，液態(tài)水前景如何，哪怕是季節(jié)性的，水的發(fā)現(xiàn)還是展現(xiàn)了誘人的前景，即：火星可能為生命提供保障。但是，科學家們還需要獲得更多有關(guān)水的化學信息后，才能對此進行評估。

美國國家航空航天局在軌的火星探測器“好奇號”已發(fā)現(xiàn)證據(jù)，證明在過去的某個時間點，火星曾具有適合微生物生命存在的所有物質(zhì)和適宜環(huán)境。漢譯英

Passage1

Inthefinalanalysis,thepopulationissueisanissueofdevelopment.Weshouldpaygreatattentiontotherelationshipbetweenthechangeinpopulationandsustainabledevelopment,andgivefullconsiderationtotherelationshipbetweenthequantity,quality,structureanddistributionofthepopulation.Inparticular,weshouldfocusontheimpactofthechangeinthepopulationstructureoneconomicandsocialdevelopment,incorporatethepopulationissueintothenationalplanforeconomicandsocialdevelopmentandmakesurethatpopulationgrowthisinkeepingwiththeeconomicandsocialdevelopmentaswellasresourcesandtheenvironment.

Massivepopulationmigrationhasbecomeanimportantforcedrivingsocialtransformationandeconomicdevelopment,butithasalsomadefamiliessmallerandmorediversified,andmembersofmanyliveinseparation.Populationmigrationandchangeinfamilystructureposeachallengetopublicservicesandsocialgovernance.weshouldmakegreateffortstoensureequalaccesstobasicpublicservicesamongthemigrantpeopleandhelpthemgetequalopportunitiestoliveanddevelopincitiesandtowns,lettingthemenjoypublicresourcesandsocialwelfareservicesandparticipateinpolitical,economic,socialandculturalactivitiesonanequalfooting,becomeindependenteconomically,gainduesocialidentityandachieveculturalintegration.

Passage2

TheNationalArtMuseumofChina(NAMOC)isanationalartmuseumdedicatedtocollection,researchandexhibitionsofmodernandcontemporaryartisticworksinChina.NAMOCisanationalculturallandmarkafterfoundingofNewChina.Themainbuilding,roofedwithyellowglazedtilesandsurroundedbycorridorsandpavilions,featuresthestylesofancientChineseatticsandtraditionalarchitecture.Thebuilding,with17exhibitionhallscoversanareaofmorethan18,000squaremeters.Itboastsanexhibitionareaof8,300squaremeters.

Themuseumhousesmorethan100,000piecesofvariouscollections,mostofwhicharerep