2022年山西省臨汾市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)測試卷(含答案)

2022年山西省臨汾市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)測試卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.Whichofthefollowingprovidesdinnercruisesnow?

A.ThePotomacRiver

B.BostonHarbor

C.TheChicagoRiver

D.TheMississippiRiver

2.Youshouldpayspecialattentiontothefirstsixquestionsofthe12questionsbecausetheymakeupthebaseonwhich______.

3.

Expertsadvocatethatelderlypeopleshouldemphasizementalhealthaswellas______.

4.

Theresearchersarenowtryingtofigureout______.

A.whetherobservedantibodiescanblocktheinfectionofHIV

B.whetherthecombinationofvaccinesstimulatesnewmolecules

C.whetherthecombinationofvaccinescanworkwell

D.whetherthecombinationofvaccinescouldbetestedinnormalpeople

5.

Itisnecessaryforustoknowhealthyweightisnot______.

6.

Youraddress,phonenumber,socialsecuritynumber,fullnameorplaceofemploymentshouldnotbemadeknowntoallbecausetheyare______.

7.

StudentsinHarvardareencouragedtousebulbsof18wattsapiece.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

Foodstyle.originatedfrom______isverypopularnowadaysinAmericanparties.

9.

Thelowconfidencelevelofconsumersandproducersisoneofthegeneralfactorsofarecession.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Inordertomakesuretheircustomerswerehappy,PizzaHutintroduced______.

A.twocustomersatisfactionprograms

B.a1-600numbercustomerhotline

C.acustomercall-inprogram

D.happycustomersprogram

11.

Thegrass-fed-beefburgersintheYaleSustainableFoodProjecthavebeenboughtfrom______.

12.

Aninsurancecompanycanestimatewithsomeaccuracyhowmanywillhavelossesby______.

13.

Scientistsandenvironmentaliststhinkthatglobalwarmingcanbe______.

A.continuedB.improvedC.controlledD.reduced

14.ClimateChange

Scientistspredictincreasingdroughts,floodsandextremeweatherandsaythereisgrowingevidencethathumanactivitiesaretoblame.

WhatIsClimateChange?

Theplanet'sclimateisconstantlychanging.Theglobalaveragetemperatureiscurrentlyintheregionof15℃.Geologicalandotherevidencesuggeststhat,inthepast,thisaveragemayhavebeenashighas27℃andaslowas7℃.

Butscientistsareconcernedthatthenaturalfluctuation(波動(dòng))hasbeenovertakenbyarapidhuman-inducedwarmingthathasseriousimplicationsforthestabilityoftheclimateonwhichmuchlifeontheplanetdepends.

WhatIsthe"GreenhouseEffect"?

ThegreenhouseeffectreferstotheroleplayedbygaseswhicheffectivelytrapenergyfromtheSunintheEarth'satmosphere.Withoutthem,theplanetwouldbetoocoldtosustainlifeasweknowit.

Themostimportantofthesegasesinthenaturalgreenhouseeffectiswatervapor,butconcentrationsofthatarechanginglittleanditplaysalmostnoroleinmodemhuman-inducedgreenhousewarming.

Othergreenhousegasesincludecarbondioxide,methane(甲烷)andnitrous(含氮的)oxide,whicharereleasedbymodernindustry,agricultureandtheburningoffossilfuels.Theirconcentrationintheatmosphereisincreasing—theconcentrationofcarbondioxidehasrisenbymorethan30%since1800.

ThemajorityofclimatescientistsacceptthetheorythatanincreaseinthesegaseswillcauseariseintheEarth'stemperature.

WhatIstheEvidenceofWarming?

Temperaturerecordsgobacktothelate19thcenturyandshowthattheglobalaveragetemperatureincreasedbyabout0.6℃inthe20thcentury.

Sealevelshaverisen10～20cm—thoughttobecausedmainlybytheexpansionofwarmingoceans.

MostglaciersintemperateregionsoftheworldandalongtheAntarcticPeninsulaareinretreat,andrecordsshowArcticsea-icehasthinnedby40%inrecentdecadesinsummerandautumn.

Thereareanomalies(異常)however—partsof.theAntarcticappeartobegettingcolder,andtherearediscrepanciesbetweentrendsinsurfacetemperaturesandthoseinthetroposphere(對(duì)流層)(thelowerportionoftheatmosphere).

HowMuchWillTemperaturesRise?

Ifnothingisdonetoreduceemissions,currentclimatemodelspredictaglobaltemperatureincreaseof1.4～5.8℃by2100.

Evenifwecutgreenhousegasemissionsdramaticallynow,scientistssaytheeffectswouldcontinuebecausepartsoftheclimatesystem,particularlylargebodiesofwaterandice,cantakehundredsofyearstorespondtochangesintemperature.Italsotakesgreenhousegasesintheatmospheredecadestobreakdown.

Itispossiblethatwehavealreadyirrevocably(不可撤回地)committedtheGreenlandicesheettomelting,whichwouldcauseanestimated7mriseinsealevel.TherearealsoindicationsthatthewestAntarcticicesheetmayhavebeguntomelt.thoughscientistscautionfurtherresearchisnecessary.

HowWilltheWeatherChange?

Globally,wecanexpectmoreextremeweatherevents,withheatwavesbecominghotterandmorefrequent.Scientistspredictmorerainfalloverall,butsaytheriskofthoughtininlandareasduringhotsummerswillincrease.Morefloodingisexpectedfromstormsandrisingsealevels.

Thereare,however,likelytobeverystrongregionalvariationsinthesepatterns,andtheseeredifficulttopredict.

WhatWilltheEffectsBe?

Thepotentialimpactishuge,withpredictedfreshwatershortages,sweepingchangesinfoodproductionconditions,andincreasesindeathsfromfloods,storms,heatwavesanddroughts.Poorercountries,whichareleastequippedtodealwithrapidchange,willsuffermost.

Plantandanimalextinctionsarepredicte

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Peoplewhosufferfromthereactivedepressionareverypossiblyunabletoleadanormallife.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Whichistheelementresponsibleforrisingwageinequality?

A.Technologyasamoreirresistibleforce.

B.Technologyandglobalization.

C.Technologyandautomation.

D.Socialclassinwhiteandblue-collars.

17.

Oneofthegreatdrawbacksofcellularnetworksisitsexpensiveimplementingcost.

18.

Since1964,bothWinterandSummerOlympicGameshasbegunwithatorch-lightingceremonyin______.

19.

Itis,partlyatleast,owingtotheeffectivenessofcigarettegiants'advertisingthatsmokingforeignbrand-namecigaretteshasalmostbecomeafashioninAsia.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

OnlylargecompaniesandbusinessesusetheInternettodobusiness.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽力原文：M:Hello,thisisCarl'sGarage.WefoundMr.Wood'sbriefcaseandwallethereafterhelefthiscarthismorning.

W:Hehasbeenwonderingwherehecouldhaveleftthem.He'llpickthemupthisafternoon.Hehastogoouttothebankandthepostoffice.Thankyouforcalling.

Q:WhatcanwelearnaboutMr.Woodfromtheconversation?

(15)

A.Trytooperatetheprogram.

B.Waitforthemanual.

C.Askthewomanaboutaniceplacetogorunning.

D.Placeanorderfromthemenu.

22.聽力原文：M:Didyouhearonthenewstodayaboutthat...uh...murdererwhowasexecuted?

W:Ican'tbelieveit.

M:Yeah.That'sthefirsttimeintenyearsthatthey'veusedcapitalpunishment.

W:Ijustcan'tbelieveinoursocietytodaythattheywouldactuallykillanotherhumanbeing.Nobodyhastheright,totakeanotherperson'slife.

M:Oh,Idon'tagree.Listen,Ithinkcapitalpunishmentisit'sabouttimeitcameback.Ithinkthat'sexactlywhatkillersdeserve.

W:No,theydon'tdeservethat.Becauseonceyou'rekillingakiller,you'rethekiller,too.Youbecomeakilleraswell.

M:No,listen.Youtakealife,youhavetobewillingtogiveupyourown.Andalso,Ithinkthatifyouhaveadeathpenaltyitwillpreventotherpeoplefromkilling,Ithinkit'sagooddeterrent.

W:Idon'tthinkit'sagooddeterrentatall.Mygoodnessgracious.Imean,firstofall,areyousurethepersonyou'veconvictedtodeathisreallyguilty?

M:Well,Ithinkthat'saveryrare...veryrareincidence.

W:Idon'tthinkit'srare,withallthecrackerjacklawyerswehavetoday,andthejudicialsystemthewayitis.

M:Ithinkit'sarareincidence,andIthinkit'smoreimportanttogetridofthe...thebadseed,youknow?

W:Butyoudon'tgetridofit.Yourehabilitatesomebodylikethat.Youdon'teliminate,yourehabilitate.

(20)

A.Thetopicoftheconversation.

B.Terriblerevenge.

C.Executedeathtomurder.

D.Anunbelievableguilty.

23.(34)

A.Itisneededtoadjustthetemperatureofourbodies.

B.Itisoursecondneed.

C.Weneedclothingtocoverourbodies.

D.Weatherischangingallthetime.

24.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Decision-makingisacomplexbusinesssubjectwhichcombinesthemostcomplicatedelementsoftheoperationaland(36)______aspectsofmanagement.Theabilityto(37)______thedecision-makingprocessisoftendeterminedbyenvironmentalfactorsratherthanthestepsinsome"ideal"model.Decisionsarefrequentlyinfluencedmorebytheenvironmentandstructureoftheorganizationthanbythemethoditself.Theprocessofdecision-makingwill,therefore,beexaminedin(38)______ofenvironmentalfactors.-Oneof-thesefactors—socialandculturalbackground—affectsthe(39)______amongpeopleinvolvedinthedecision-makingprocessandprovidesthe(40)______frameworkwithinwhichtheymaycomfortablyoperate.Thebest(41)______forsolvingaproblem,forexample,mightbetoreplaceanemployeewhoisunsuitedforaposition.However,ifinthesociety'sculturethereisatraditionof(42)______employmentwithonecompany,thatalternativeisnotreallyfeasiblebecauseofsocialandcultural(43)______.

(44)____________.Theamountofflexibilitywithinanorganizationandtheavailableresources(suchasfacilities,technology,orfinancialreserves)areoftencontrollingfactors.(45)____________.Theamountofdataavailablemayalsolimittherangeofalternativesthatcanbeconsidered.(46)____________.

25.(28)

A.Fewofthemcanlivelong.

B.Mostofthemliveanormallife.

C.Fewofthemgetalongwellwitheachother.

D.MostOfthemdifferintheirlikesanddislikes.

26.

【B11】

27.(29)

A.BecausemanyarchitectsstudiedwithWright.

B.BecauseWrightstartedthepracticeof"land-scraping".

C.BecauseWrightusedelementsofenvelopebuilding.

D.BecausemostofthehousesWrightbuiltweremadeofstone.

28.(17)

A.Hedoeswell,thoughhedecidestochangethispresentjob.

B.Hefindsitdifficulttocontinue.

C.Heistiredofhispresentjob.

D.Hefeelscontent,thoughheoncelostsomeofhisconfidence.

29.聽力原文：M:Whatthatmoviewasaboutlastnightisquitebeyondme.

W:Ifyouhadreadthebook,youwouldhaveunderstoodthemoviebetter.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(19)

A.Heshouldhavereadthebookinsteadofgoingtothemovie.

B.Heshouldhavegonetothemovieinsteadofreadingthebook.

C.Readingthebookwillhelpthemanunderstandthemoviebetter.

D.Shethinksthebookiseasiertounderstandthanthemovie.

30.聽力原文：M:Whydoyouthinkthatway?

W:WhileIadmitthereisverylittlediscriminationhereoncampustowardsorientation,appearanceandnationality,[19]womenarenottreatedequally.Womenarenotrepresentedinmanyfaculties.Theyalsoholdfewerseniorfacultypositions,arenotrepresentedwellinadministrationand,doyouknow,notoncehastherebeenafemalepresidentofthestudentunion.

M:Youarerunningforpresidentofthestudentunionontheissueofequality,butyouarenotgoingtobeawinner,Isuppose.Moststudentsfeelwomenhaveequalitynowadays.

W:NotthestudentsIhavetalkedto,particularlythewomen.[20]Mybrotherisalawyerandhesaysthewomeninhisfn-mhavetoworkmuchharderthanthemeniftheywanttobecomeapartnerinthefirm.

M:[19]Soyouaregoingtochampionwomen'srightsfortheelection.

W:Yes,[19]mycampaignwillfocusonthatbutIwillnotignoreotherissuessuchastransportation,cafeteriasandsoon.Ihavebeenastudentherefor4yearsandamawareofalltheissues.IfIcanmakethiscampusabetterplaceforallstudents,thenasawoman,Iwouldbesettinganexcellentrolemodel.And,IamsureIcandoabetterjobthanJerrydidthisyear.

M:WhatdidJerryaccomplishthisyear?

W:[21]Nexttonothing.Heputpressureonthecafeteriastobealittlemoreenvironmentallyfriendly[21]butthatisallaboutit.

(20)

A.Toprovewomen'sdiligence.

B.Toseekgenderequalityoncampus.

C.Toimprovetransportationandaccommodation.

D.Toputpressureonmalestudents.

31.聽力原文：W:Youcaneithergowithmeoryoucanstayhereattheapartment.Whichwouldyouratherdo?

M:Ifyoudon'tcare,IthinkI'drathercatchuponmysleep.Ireallydon'tseewhatIcoulddointhatmeeting.

Q:Whatwillthemanprobablydo?

(19)

A.Stayupandgoforthemeeting.

B.Stayattheapartmentandsleepforawhile.

C.Catchupwiththewomanafterhewakesup.

D.Gowiththewomanforfearofoversleeping.

32.(31)

A.Whentheecologicalbalanceoftheriverislost.

B.Whenpeopleconsumemorefishthantheyusedto.

C.Whenlargenumbersofalgae,fishandbirdsarekilled.

D.Whentheproductionofmarinepetroleumisincreased.

33.(22)

A.Heisorganizedandagoodspeaker.

B.Heisenthusiasticandafast-learner.

C.Heispersistentandexperienced.

D.Heiscapableandgoodatmarketing.

34.

【B8】

35.(41)

36.(21)

A.Betterthanotherpunishment.

B.Humanism.

C.Benefitsociety.

D.Canrootoffguilty.

37.

【B7】

38.(35)

A.Theynevercamebackhomewithdesireddiamonds.

B.Theylostthehard-earneddiamondsontheirwayback.

C.Theyweresentencedtodeathforstealingdiamonds.

D.Theyreturnedhomeascontentasmillionaires.

39.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

聽力原文：Peoplehavedreamedoftravelinginspaceforthousandsofyears.Butitwasnotuntil1957thatitbecameareality.OnOctober4,1957Russialaunchedthefirstman-madesatelliteintospace.ItwascalledSputnikI.

OnApril12,1961theRussiancosmonautYuriGagarinbecamethefirstmantoorbittheEarth.ThefirstspacewomanintheworldwasValentinaTereshkova.Shemade48orbitsin1963inherVostok6.OnJuly20,1969theAmericanastronautNeilArmstrongbecamethefirstmantosetfootontheMoon.In1986theRussianspacestationMirwaslaunched.

ScientistsarealreadyatworkontheInternationalSpaceStation,a"cityofspace".Itwillbethesizeofafootballfieldandwillweighover200tons.Ateamof10-15spacemenwillprobablybeabletoliveandworkattheInternationalSpaceStationin2005.

Thenextstepwillbethefirstmoonbase.20or30scientistswillliveinsideadomewithanartificialatmosphere.Thiswillmakeitpossibleforthemtoliveandworkwithoutspacesuits.Italsomeansthattheywillbeabletogrowfood.

ThenextgreatstepwillbelandingpeopleonournearestplanetMars.Scientistssaythattheplanetoncehadwateronitssurface.Ifthatwaterisnowfrozenunderground,humanswillbeabletouseitsomeday.Bytheendofthe21stcentury,scientistshope,itwillbepossibletoturntheplanetintoanearthlikeplacewithairandwater.

Peoplehavedreamedoftravelinginspaceforthousandsofyears.Butitwasnotuntil1957thatitbecamea(36)______.OnOctober4,1957Russia(37)______thefirstman-madesatelliteintospace,ItwascalledSputnikI.

OnApril12,1961theRussian(38)______YuriGagarinbecamethefirstmantoorbittheEarth.ThefirstspacewomanintheworldwasValentinaTereshkova.Shemade48(39)______in1963inherVostok6.OnJuly20,1969theAmerican(40)______NeilArmstrongbecamethefirstmantosetfootontheMoon.In1986theRussianspacestationMirwaslaunched.

Scientistsarealreadyatworkonthe(41)______SpaceStation,a"cityofspace".Itwillbethesizeofafootballfieldandwill(42)______over200tons.Ateamof10—15spacemenwill(43)______beabletoliveandworkattheInternationalSpaceStationin2005.

Thenextstepwillbethefirstmoonbase.20or30scientistswillliveinsideadomewithanartificialatmosphere.(44)____________.Italsomeansthattheywillbeabletogrowfood.

(45)____________.Scientistssaythattheplanetoncehadwateronitssurface.Ifthatwaterisnowfrozenunderground,humanswillbeabletouseitsomeday.Bytheendofthe21stcentury,scientistshope,(46)____________.

40.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

DrugshavebeenapartoftheAmericanstorysincetheveryfirstdayColumbuslandedintheNewWorld.TheTainoIndianspresentedColumbuswithagiftoftobacco,whichwouldgoontobecomeoneofthemostimportantdrugsinourhistory.Andifdrugshave【B1】______sincethebeginning,sohavedrugproblems.Andsohave【B2】______tosolvethosedrugproblems.

Sincethe19thcenturywhenAmericansfirstdiscoverednew【B3】______drugslikeheroinandcocaine,thewholesocietyhas【B4】______theproblemofdrugabuseand【B5】______.

Whenthe20thcenturybegan,theUnitedStates--【B6】______withitsfirstdrugepidemic【B7】______setupeffectiverestrictions:athomethrough【B8】______lawenforcementandoverseasbystartingaworldmovementtolimitopiumandcocacrops.【B9】______.Thefirstepidemicwasforgotten.

Duringthe1960s,drugslikemarijuana,andpsychedelicscameonthescene,andanewgenerationembraceddrugs.【B10】______.In1973,theU.S.DrugEnforcementAdministrationwascreatedtoenforcefederaldruglaws.Inthe1970s,cocainereappeared.Then,adecadelater,crackappeared,spreadingaddictionandviolenceatepidemiclevels.

Today,theDEA'sbiggestchallengeisthedramaticchangeinorganizedcrime.【B11】______.

【B1】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.Acidrainisaveryseriousairandwaterpollutionproblem.Manypeoplefeel-thatitisthemostseriouspollutionproblemthatwenowface.ScientistssaythatplantandanimallifeinthousandsoflakesintheUnitedStatesandCanadahasalreadybeendestroyedbyacidrain.

Acidrainformsintheupperatmosphere.There,sulfurdioxideandnitrogenoxidesmixwithwatervapor.Theymixwithwatervaportoform.sulfuricacidandnitricacid.Whenthevaporcondensesandrainfalls,theacidsfallwithit.Everytimeacidrainfallsinalake,thelevelofacidinthelakerises.Overtime,itcanrisetothepointatwhichplantsandinsectscannotsurvive.Withoutplants,whichsupplyoxygen,andinsects,whichsupplyfood,fishdie.Thelakebecomesadeadlake.

Theproblemofacidrainhasgreatlyincreasedinthelastfewyears.Mostoftheblameforacidrainhasbeenplacedonindustries.However,somepeoplefeelthatineffectiveairpollutionlawsarealsotoblamefortheacidrainproblem.

Afewyearsago,manycitiesandstatespassedlocalairpollutionlaws.Thelawswerewrittentoimpr9vetheairqualityinthecitiesandstates.However,thelawsusuallydidn'tsayanythingabouttheamountofpollutionthatanindustrycouldpumpintotheair.Industriesfoundawaytomeetthenewpollutionlawswithoutreducingtheamountofpollutiontheyreleased.Theymetthenewstandardsbybuildingtallersmokestacks.

Withthetallersmokestacks,airpollutantswerereleasedhigherupintotheatmosphere.Thewindcarriedthemfarawayfromthepollutingfactory.Tothepeoplenearthefactory,theairseemedcleaner.However,thepollutionthattheyoncegotwasnowcomingdownhundredsofmilesawayintheform.ofacidrain.

WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutacidrain?

A.Itisacknowledgedbyscientiststobethemostseriouspollutionproblemthathumanbeingsnowface.

B.Manyendangeredspeciesareonthevergeofextinctionbecauseofacidrain.

C.Acidrainiscomposedofsulfurdioxideandnitrogenoxidesmixedwithwatervaporfoundintheupperatmosphere.

D.AcidrainismostlyfoundintheUnitedStatesandCanada.

42.

InProf.Dertouzos'opinion,thehackersprobablyhave______.

43.(57)

44.

Thepassageisapieceof______.

A.descriptionB.narrationC.argumentationD.disposition

45.

WhatisthemainideaofPara.4?

46.

TheEcomaginationcampaigncontributestocarbonemissionreductionby______.

47.

In1954,theraciallysegregatedschoolwasgraduallyoutofexistencein______.

A.SouthernstatesB.AmericaC.NewYorkD.Northernstates

48.

Whatisthemainpointofthepassage?

A.MorecompaniesfromemergingmarketscomeontheFortune500list.

B.LenovoboughttherightofusingIBMbrandforfiveyears.

C.Companiesfromemergingmarketsbegantotakepositioninglobalmarket.

D.Thetraditionalone-directionglobalizationhasbeenshiftingintomulti-directionone.

49.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Notsolongago,predictionmarkets(市場預(yù)測)werebeingconsideredasafantasticnewwaytoforecasteverythingfromthecompletiondateofavitalprojecttoafirm'sannualsales.Butalthoughtheyhavespreadbeyondearly-adoptingcompaniesinthetechnologyindustry,theyhavestillnotbecomemainstreammanagementtools.Evencrazyadvocatesadmitmuchremainstobedonetoconvincedoubtfulmanagersoftheirvalue."It'sstillaprettyblessingbusiness,"saysLeslieFineofCrowdCast,oneofthefirmsthatprovidetradingplatformsforcompanieskeentopoolthecollectivewisdomoftheiremployees.

Predictionmarketsworkbygivingpeoplevirtualtradingaccountsthatallowthemtobuyandsell"shares"thatcorrespondtoaparticularoutcome.Sharesinanoutcomethatisconsideredmorelikelytooccurthentradeatahigherpricethanthosethatrepresentalesslikelyoutcome.Thisprovidesawaytoapproachthetacit(默許的)knowledgethatexistsincompanies,especiallyonesthathavemanydifferentdivisionsoroffices.

KochIndustries,anAmericancompanyinarangeofbusinessesincludingchemicals,fertilizersandcommoditytrading,hasbeenrunningpredictionmarketsforthepastninemonthsinvolvingabout200ofitsstafffromdifferentareas.Thegroup,whichhasrevenuesofsome$100billion,haslaunchedcontractson,amongotherthings,thefuturepricesofrawmaterialsusedinitschemicalsdivisionandthelikelihoodofbanknationalizations.Kochsaystheresultssofarhavebeenprettyaccuratecomparedtoactualoutcomes,butstressesthatmarketsarecomplementarytootherforecastingtechniques,notasubstituteforthem.

Abigobstaclefacingmanagersusingpredictionmarketsisgettingenoughpeopletokeeptradingafterthenoveltyhaswornoff.Manyfirmsusegaming-style.leaderboardstoencourageinternalcompetition,oroffermodestprizestothemostsuccessfultraders.LloydsTSB,abank,launchedamarketinwhichparticipantsidentifythebestnewideasbytradinginacurrencycalledBankBeanz,whichcanthenbeexchangedforcash--aschemethebank'sheadofinnovationcalls"anexceptionalmotivator".

Anotherreasonpredictionmarketsfailedisthatemployeescannotseehowtheresultsareused,sotheyloseinterest.WellsFargo,abigbankthathasbeenrunninginternalmarketsforoverayeartoidentifywaystoimproveservicetosomecorporatecustomers,saysitsmosteffectiveteststookplaceinareaswheremanagerscoulddosomethingwiththeirfindings,makingstafffeelthattradingwasworthwhile.

Bossesmayalsobewaryofrelyingonthejudgmentsofnon-experts.Yetmanypilotprojectsrunsofarhaveshownthatjuniorstaffcanoftenbesurprisinglygoodforecasters.Perhapsthebestwaytofindoutwhenpredictionmarketswillfinallytakeoffistoaskyouremployees--usingapredictionmarket.

Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutthepredictionmarketinthepassage?

A.Itnowhasbecomeamajormanagementwayformostcompanies.

B.Theadvocatesaretoooptimisticaboutpredictionmarket.

C.Itisawaytoknowfirms'owncovertknowledge.

D.Itworksbygivingtradersanactualtradingaccounts.

50.

Whatmightbetheconsequentialresultofviolentmovementsinexchangerates?

51.

Whenenteringanewculture,theproblemspeoplefaceare______.

52.WhyareA-levelsnowbeingskewedbacktowardsboys?

A.Boyshavecriticalskillsratherthanhardfacts.

B.A-levelsstressexamsinsteadofcoursework.

C.FemalestudentsarenotinterestedinA-levels.

D.Boysputmoreemphasisonprojectwork.

53.

Whatismanycaptiveshippers'attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailwayindustry?

A.Indifferent.B.Supportive.C.Indignant.D.Worried.

54.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaseriousproblemprevalentintoday'sschoolsystems?

A.Indifferencetoculturaldifferencewithinlocalcommunities.

B.Dependenceonnumericalratingsofperformance.

C.Rigidexpectationsofallstudents.

D.Lackoffundingandspecializedpersonnel.

55.

WhydoesWal-Martthinkitreasonabletoopenitsstorethere?

A.Customerstherebroadlyacceptit.

B.Otherbuildingshaveruinedthesceneryoftheancientsite.

C.Thelocalshopsaresmallandexpensive.

D.Wal-Martdoesnoharmtothenearbysceneries.

56.Stanleythoughtthat______wastoblameforthecities'collapseinthemiddleoftheeighthcenturyA.D.

57.

HowdoesProfessorBhattfeelaboutmanyleadersincompanies?

A.Theydonotundersta