2023學年完整公開課版洗衣液

LiquidDetergentName:WeiYilanTelontents

Ⅰ.DefinitionandClassificationofDetergent

Ⅱ.CharacteristicsofLiquidDetergentⅢ.LiquidDetergentFormulaComposition

Ⅳ.ProductionTechnologyofLiquidDetergentⅤ.FormulationexamplesoflaundrydetergentⅥ.PracticeⅠ.

DefinitionandClassificationofDetergent

Detergentisakindofsubstancethatcanchangethesurfaceactivityofwaterandimprovethedecontaminationeffectwhenwashingobjects.“Detergent”referstotheproductdesignedfordecontamination,whichconsistsofthenecessaryactivecomponentsandauxiliarycomponents.Classificationsoap

syntheticdetergentClassification

laundrydetergentspersonalhygienedetergentsindustrialdetergentsdomesticdetergents

householddetergents1.soap

Soapisthegeneraltermforalkalisalts(inorganicororganic)containingatleast8carbonatomsoramixtureoffattyacids.RCOOMRrepresentsalkylMismetalionororganicalkalicarbonnumberbetween8and22

2.Syntheticdetergent

Syntheticdetergentistheproductofmoderncivilization,originatedfromthedevelopmentofsurfactant.Referstothedetergentwith(synthetic)surfactantastheactivecomponentHeavydutytypelightdutytype

industrialhouseholdpowderliquidlumpgranularpasteaerosol

Ⅱ.CharacteristicsofLiquidDetergent

1.manufacturingprocessandmanufacturingequipmentaresimple;2.Liquiddetergentisanenergy-savingproduct,whichnotonlysavesenergyduringtheproductionprocess,butalsoissuitableforlow-temperaturewashingduringuse;3.Theproductshaveawiderangeofadaptability,besideswashingfunction,theproductsalsocanhaveavarietyoffunctions;advantages：

4.Theuseofwaterasasolventorfillerresultsinlowproductioncosts.5.Itiseasytoquantifyandeasytodissolvewhenused.Itcanbeappliedtothenecklineandcuffsandotherdirtyplacesinhighconcentration.6.Nodustpollution.advantages：disadvantage：①theadditionofthealkalineauxiliariesandthesurfactantsinthewaterarepoorlycompatible；②adverseeffectssuchasprecipitationordelamination；③ItiseasytoreactbetweenvariouscomponentsinaliquidOneisthemainrawmaterial,thatis,allkindsofsurfactantswithscrubbingactionⅢ.MainRawMaterialsofLiquidDetergentTheotherisauxiliarymaterials,thatis,variousauxiliaries1.surfactants

Indetergents,surfactantsaregenerallyusedaswashingcomponents,butinsomeformulationstheyarealsousedasauxiliaryrawmaterials,playingtherolesofemulsification,wetting,solubilization,moisturizing,lubrication,sterilization,softness,anti-static,foaminganddefoaming.Definition：Surfactantisasubstancethatcansignificantlyreducethesurfacetensionofthesolutionandchangetheinterfacialstateofthesystemwhenasmallamountofsurfactantisadded.

Aftersurfactantreachesacertainconcentration,itcancombinetoformamicelle,whichhasaseriesofphysicalandchemicalfunctionssuchaswettingoranti-adhesion,emulsificationordemulsification,foamingordefoamingaswellassolubilization,dispersion,washing,antisepsisandantistatic,andhasbecomeakindofflexible,diversifiedandwidelyusedfinechemicalproducts.Surfactantiscalled"monosodiumglutamateinindustry"

Oneendisanon-polarhydrocarbonchain(alkyl),whichhasaverylowaffinityforwater.Itisoftencalledhydrophobicbaseorlipophilicgroup.Theotherendispolargroup（eg.-OH、-COOH、-NH?、-SO?H、etc.）,whichhasagreataffinitywithwater,soitiscalledhydrophilicgroup.structure:amphiphilicCOO-CH3CH2hydrophilicgrouplipophilicgroupUsuallydenotedasLaurateanion(1)TheconceptofsurfactantThemolecularstructureofsurfactantsischaracterizedbyacombinationofstronghydrophilicandhydrophobic(orlipophilic)groups.①surfacetension②CMC-(CriticalMicelleConcentration)③HLB-(Hydrophile-LipophileBalance)①surfacetensionoftheliquid

ThesurfacetensionofaliquidisderivedfromthevanderWaalsforcebetweenthemoleculesoratomsofthesubstance.SurfacetensioniscausedbythefactthatthesurfacemoleculesandthemoleculesinsidetheliquidareindifferentenvironmentsSurfacetensionreduction

Theconcentrationofsurfactantstartingtoformmicelleisthecurrentmicelleconcentration,CMCforshort.WhensolutionconcentrationislowerthanCMC,duetotheinterfaceadsorptionofthesurfactantmoleculesanddirectionalarrangementontheinterface,withtheincreasingoftheconcentrationofthesurfacetensionofthesolutionandquicklyreduced,itsperformancealsocorrespondingincrease,untilitreachestheCMC,thesurfactanthasbeenarrangedinsinglemoleculeonthesolutionofinterfacemembrane,thenfelltoalowsurfacetension.Sincethen,theincreaseintheconcentrationoftheactivesubstancehaslittleeffectonthesurfacetensionandperformance,soCMCisanimportantindicatortoreflectthesurfactant②CMC(CriticalMicelleConcentration)Singlemoleculeorientationmicelle

Theapplicationpropertiesofsurfactantsdependonthecompositionandstructureofthehydrophilicandoleophiliccomponentsofthemolecule.Thehydrophilicityandlipophilicabilityofthetwocomponentsmaketheapplicationrangeandapplicationperformancedifferent.

Theratioofthestrengthofthehydrophilicgroupinthesurfactantmoleculetothestrengthofthelipophilicgroupiscalledthehydrophiliclipophilicbalancevalue,abbreviatedasHLBvalue.③HLB-(Hydrophile-LipophileBalance)TheHLBvaluecanbecalculatedfromtheempiricalformula,whichisthebasisforguidingtheindustrialapplicationofsurfactants.HLB值與應(yīng)用性能的關(guān)系(2)Classificationofsurfactantssurfactantsionicsurfactantnonionicsurfactantanionicsurfactant(陰)cationicsurfactant（陽）amphotericsurfactant（兩性）

Accordingtodosageandvariety,(陰)anionicsurfactantisusedthemost,followedby（非）non-ionicsurfactant,（兩性）amphotericsurfactantisrarelyused.（陽）Cationicsurfactantisnotsuitablefordetergentsduetoitslargeadsorptiononfibers,lowwashingpowerandhighprice.Sometimes,cationicsurfactantisaddedtodetergentsmainlytomakethedetergentsdisinfectorsoft.Commonsurfactantanionicsurfactants：suchasSodiumAlkylbenzeneSulfonate(LAS),sodiumalkylsulfonate(SAS),sodiumfattyalcoholsulfate,sodiumfattyalcoholpolyoxyethyleneethersulfate

(AES),sodiumalkylsulfonate(AOS)andsoon.Non-ionicsurfactants:suchasalkylphenolpolyoxyethyleneether（AEPO）,fattyalcoholpolyoxyethyleneether

(AEO),alkanolamide,etc.Polyether:Itisacommonactivesubstanceintheproductionoflowfoamdetergentinrecentyears.Itisacommonproductofcopolymerizationofethyleneoxideandpropyleneoxide.Itisoftenmixedwithanionicsurfactant,mainlyusedasdefoamer.Amphotericsurfactants,suchasbetaine(includeCAB、6501),arecommonlyusedinlowirritationdetergents.2.auxiliaries

Thecombinationofauxiliaryandsurfactantcanplaytheroleofmutualcoordinationandmutualcompensationofeachcomponent,furtherimprovethecleaningabilityoftheproduct,improveitscomprehensiveperformanceandlowercostInorganicauxiliariesorganicauxiliaries1.螯合劑在液體洗滌劑中，主要用溶解度較大的焦磷酸鉀、檸檬酸和酒石酸、硅酸鈉與碳酸鈉配合、乙二胺四乙酸鈉(EDTA)、氨基三乙酸鈉(NTA)。（1）ThechelatingagentInliquiddetergents,potassiumpyrophosphate,citricacidandtartaricacid,sodiumsilicateandsodiumcarbonate,sodiumethylenediaminetetraacetate(EDTA),sodiumtriacetate(NTA)aremainlyused.Becauseoftheirhighsolubility2.增溶劑(助溶劑)常用的增溶劑有對甲苯磺酸鈉、二甲苯磺酸鈉、尿素或低分子的醇、三乙醇胺等。(2)Solubilizer(co-solvent)Commonlyusedsolventsaresodiump-toluenesulfonate,sodiumdimethylbenzenesulfonate,ureaorlowmolecularalcohol,triethanolamineandsoon.3.增泡劑常用的增泡劑有烷醇酰胺、氧化胺以及脂肪醇等。4.增稠劑常用一些水溶性高聚物，如聚乙二醇、羧甲基纖維素鈉、聚乙烯醇、聚醋酸銨等，也可用無機電解質(zhì)(如NaCl、NH4Cl)。(3)FoamBoostersCommonfoamingagentsarealkanolamide,amineoxideandfattyalcohol.(4)ThethickenerSomewater-solublepolymers,suchaspolyethyleneglycol,sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose,polyvinylalcoholandpolyammoniumacetatearecommonlyused,andinorganicelectrolytes(suchasNaClandNH4Cl)arealsoavailable.(5)Sterilizationanddisinfectant

Commonlyusedphenols,aldehydes,alcohols,acids,chlorinepreparations,oxidants,iodinepreparations,heavymetalsaltsandcationicquaternaryammoniumsalt,etc.

5.殺菌消毒劑常用酚類、醛類、醇類、酸類、氯制劑、氧化劑、碘制劑、重金屬鹽類和陽離子季銨鹽等。

6.緩沖劑(PH調(diào)節(jié)劑）常用的緩沖劑有檸檬酸、灑石酸、磷酸、硼酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉以及磷酸二氫鈉等。(6)Buffer(PHregulator)Commonlyusedbufferiscitricacid,tartaricacid,phosphoricacid,sodiumborate,sodiumhydrogencarbonateandsodiumdihydrogenphosphate.7.調(diào)理劑（使頭發(fā)柔順；使織物柔軟、抗靜電）常用的調(diào)理劑主要是兩性表面活性劑和陽離子表面活性劑，如氧化叔胺、陽離子聚合物、羊毛脂衍生物等。8.防腐劑(1)甲醛(2)尼泊金酯類(對羥基苯甲酸酯類)(3)布羅波爾(2-溴-2-硝基-1,3-丙二醇)(4)凱松(異噻唑啉酮）(5)防腐劑PC(對氯間苯二酚)⑥乙內(nèi)酰脲

7.conditioner(makehairsoft;makefabricsoftandantistatic).Themostcommonlyusedconditionersareamphotericsurfactantsandcationicsurfactants,suchastertiaryaminesandcationspolymers,lanolinderivatives,etc.8.preservatives①formaldehyde②parabenesters(p-hydroxybenzoicesters)③Bromobor(2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol)④Kathon(isothiazolone)⑤preservativePC(Pchlororesorcinol)⑥D(zhuǎn)MDMH9.酶液體洗滌劑中，常用液體蛋白酶和淀粉酶，其用量為0.4％-0.8％，一般在配制后期加入，加入時pH應(yīng)在7-9.5，溫度低于30-40℃。10.溶劑水是液體洗滌劑中用量最大、也是最廉價的溶劑和填料。9.enzymeLiquidproteaseandamylasearecommonlyusedinliquiddetergent.Theamountofproteaseandamylaseis0.4%-0.8%.Theyareusuallyaddedinthelaterstageofpreparation.ThepHvalueshouldbe7-9.5andthetemperatureshouldbebelow30-40%.10.Solvent

Wateristhe

lagrestamountandcheapestsolventandfillerinliquiddetergents.11.防凍劑：如乙醇、異丙醇等。12.香精13.色素14.抗氧化劑：BHA(丁基羥基茴香醚）BHT（2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚）PG（3,4,5-三羥基苯甲酸丙酯）11.Antifreezeagent:suchasethanol,isopropanol,etc.12.Theessence13.Pigment14.Antioxidants:BHA(butylhydroxylanisole)BHT(2,6-bitertiarybutyl-4-methylphenol)PG(3,4,5-trihydroxypropylbenzoate)Ⅴ.ProductionTechnologyofLiquidDetergent

Productionprocessofliquiddetergent1-feeding;2-tank;3,6-measuringtank;4-emulsifyingtank;5-homogenizer;7-coolingtank;8-finishedproducttankcharacteristics:

Thepreparationprocessofliquiddetergentisverysimple.Theintermittentlyandbatchproductionprocessisusuallyadopted.

Whyintermittentlyandbatchproductionprocessisused??Theproductionprocessissimpleandtheproductsarevarious.Thereisnoneedforcontinuousproductionlineswithmanyinvestmentsanddifficultcontrol.1．物料的預(yù)處理和輸送包括原料的預(yù)熔化和預(yù)溶解；物料的輸送可用離心泵、旋轉(zhuǎn)泵、齒輪泵等來輸送，有時也采用真空吸入法來輸送低黏度液體。1.Materialpretreatmentandtransportation

Includingpre-meltingandpre-dissolvingofrawmaterials;

Thematerialcanbetransportedbycentrifugalpump,rotarypump,toothwheelpump,etc.,andsometimesvacuumsuctiondeliverlowviscosityliquids.TechnologyProcess2.Ingredients(mixoremulsify)Mixing

includingcoldmixingandhotmixing,mainequipment:batchingpotwithjacketandstirringEmulsification

①choiceofemulsifier(accordingtoHLBvalue)

②choiceofemulsificationmethod

Naturalemulsification

Phaseinversionemulsification

Forcedemulsification(bymeansofanemulsifier)3.加香加色(加香T≤50℃，色素加量：千分之幾）4.產(chǎn)品黏度的調(diào)整（加增粘劑）

透明型：加氯化鈉等無機鹽

乳液型：加PEG等水溶性高分子化合物或

高碳醇等3.AddingessenceandcolorT≤50℃,pigmentdosage:afewthousandths4.Productviscosityadjustment(plustackifier)

Transparenttype:addinginorganicsaltssuchassodiumchloride

Emulsiontype:addwater-solublepolymercompoundsuchasPEGorHighalcohol,etc.5．PH調(diào)節(jié)（加PH緩沖劑）6.過濾7.排氣（真空脫氣）8.包裝5.PHadjustment(pluspHbuffer)6.Filter7.Exhaust(vacuumdegassing)8.PackagingⅥFormulationexamplesoflaundrydetergent1.Formulationdesignprinciples(1)economy(2)theapplicability(3)selectionofwashingassistants2.Formulationandpreparationofliquiddetergentforclothing(1)liquiddetergentforordinaryclothingformula1quantity/%formula2quantity/%Dodecylsulfonates十二烷基磺酸鹽12.5sodiumxylenesulfonate二甲苯磺酸鈉6.0Fattyacidmonoethanolamine脂肪酸單乙醇胺1.0Fattyaciddiethanolamine脂肪酸二乙醇胺1.0citricacid檸檬酸19.5essenceandpigment香精、色素Appropriate適量water水margin余量Preparationprocess:theaboverawmaterialsareaddedintothewaterinturnandstirredevenly.本產(chǎn)品用于洗滌紡織品，效果良好，特別在洗滌棉紡織品時其均勻性、去污力和穩(wěn)定性等都十分優(yōu)良。本產(chǎn)品不合磷，符合環(huán)境保護的有關(guān)規(guī)定和要求。將上述原料混合攪拌均勻，最后加入檸檬酸及蛋白酶或淀粉酶，繼續(xù)攪拌至完全溶解均勻即可。本產(chǎn)品因含酶制劑，洗滌效果比一船洗滌劑高30％，特別對血、膿、牛奶、可可和排泄物等污垢，洗滌效果尤其顯著。本品pH值為4.3左右的范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用，在軟、硬水中都具有優(yōu)良的去污能力。formula2quantity/%formula2quantity/%LAS十二烷基苯磺酸鈉28.5paratoluenesulfonicacidsodiumsalt對甲苯磺酸鈉15.0Coconutoilfattyaciddiethanolamine椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇胺15.0triethanolamine三乙醇胺15.0ethanediol乙二醇20.0citricacid檸檬酸19.0Proteaseoramylase蛋白酶或淀粉酶0.5essenceandpigment香精、色素Appropriate適量water水margin余量Preparationprocess:mixingandstirringtheaboverawmaterials,andfinallyaddingcitricacidandproteaseoramylase,andstirringuntilcompletelydissolved.(2)HeavydutylaundryliquiddetergentAPPLICATION:Washthedirtyclothessuchasroughfabricandunderwear.Themainpartoftheformulationisthesurfactant,whichisusuallyhighlyalkalineformula3quantityscore％formula3quantityscore％2-十二烯基琥珀酸鹽10.4檸檬酸3.7污垢松散多聚物0.5二乙烯三胺0.8氯化鈣0.01甲酸鈉0.9三乙醇胺6.0氫氧化鈉5.6乙醇6.0十二烷基磺酸鹽8.0椰子油烷基磺酸鹽2.5脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚17.0油酸3.7酶0.15水余量制法：按照配方中各成分的順序依次加入混合器中、攪拌均勻。Preparationprocess:accordingtotheorderofingredientsintheformula,addthemixerandmixevenly.②制法：先將水加熱至50℃，邊攪拌邊緩慢加入脂肪醇醚硫酸鹽，同樣依次加入脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚，攪拌混合均勻冷卻后，再加入茶皂素、防腐劑、香精和色素等攪拌均勻，即成產(chǎn)品。（3）Specialdetergent配方4質(zhì)量分數(shù)％配方4質(zhì)量分數(shù)％脂肪醇醚硫酸鹽fattyalcoholethersulfates3.0脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚

fattyalcoholpolyoxyethyleneether

3.0壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚nonylphenolethoxylates3.0茶皂素teasaponin10.0防腐劑preservative0.01香精essence適量色素color

適量水water

余量Preparationprocess:first,heatthewaterto50degrees,thenslowlyaddfattyalcoholethersulfatesatthesideofstirring,addfattyalcoholpolyoxyethyleneetherandnonylphenolethoxylatesinthesameorder,stirandmixevenlyandcooldown,thenaddteasaponin,preservative,essenceandcolor.Stirevenly.實訓項目：洗衣液

ⅥPractice----PreparationoflaundrydetergentLaundrydetergentmostlycompoundedwithnonionicsurfactants,anionicsurfactantsandzwitterionicsurfactant,ThepHisclosetoneutral,gentletotheskin,andeasilybiodegradedafterbeingdischargedintothenaturalworld.

Atthesametime,specialeffectcomponentscanbeaddedtomeetthespecialrequirements,suchaslaundrysuppledoubleeffect,preventcorrosionofmetalbuttons,zippers,buttonsandtheinnerwallofthewashingmachineandsoon.1.Introductionoflaundrydetergent2.Purposeoftraining1）Deepenstudents'understandingoftheformulationdesignoflaundrydetergent.2）Mastertheblendmethodandoperationofliquiddetergent.3）Improvestudents'practicalabilityandoperationskills.3.TrainingequipmentElectronicbalance,motoragitator,deionizedwaterdevice,beakerconstanttemperaturewaterbath4.DetergentformulaAES:SodiumAlcoholEtherSulphate,

anionicsurfactantSolubleinwater,withexcellentdecontamination,emulsification,foamingperformanceandwaterresistance,mildwashingpropertieswillnotdamagetheskin.FormulaanalysisAsanon-ionicsurfactant,itcanbeappliedtoemulsifiersforemulsion,creamandshampoocosmetics.Ithasexcellentwatersolubilityandcanbeusedtoproduceoilinwateremulsion.Itcanalsobeusedasanantistaticagent.Asahydrophilicemulsifier,itcanenhancethesolubilityofsomesubstancesinwater,andcanbeusedasanemulsifierformakingO/Wemulsion.Ithasgoodemulsifying,detergent,cleaningandotherproperties,andi