化妝品中使用的顏色添加劑

ColorAdditivesUsedinCosmetics課前回顧與預(yù)習(xí)Task1哪些化妝品會(huì)使用顏色添加劑？你能命名哪些顏色？你了解顏色添加劑的管理法規(guī)嗎？1PART1[Overview概述]2PART2[Safety安全性]1PART1[Overview概述]2PART2[Safety安全性]01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT1[FullText全文閱讀]Coloradditivesprovideconsumerswitheverythingfromtheredtintintheirblushtothegreenhueoftheirmint-flavoredtoothpaste.Theyaredyes,pigments,orothersubstancesthatcanimpartcolorwhenaddedorappliedtoafood,drugorcosmetic.Theycanbefoundinawiderangeofconsumerproducts—fromcoughsyrupandbreakfastcerealtocontactlensesandeyeliner.Moderndaycoloradditiveshavebeensafelyusedformorethan150yearstomakecosmeticandpersonalcareproductsdecorative,attractiveandappealing.Coloradditivesmaybeusedtocreateaproductimageorrecognition,the"mood"oftheproduct,orothervisualimpressions.Priortothedevelopmentofthewidecolorpalettecurrentlyavailable,productstendedtoappeardrabandcolorswereveryunstableandfadedquickly.Mixingcolorstoachievetheexactdesiredeffectrequiresgreatskillandknowledgeofthepropertiesoftheingredientsandproducts-itistrulyanartform.FacialMakeupProductsareproductsthatareusedtocolorandhighlightfacialfeatures.Theycaneitherdirectlyaddoraltercolororcanbeappliedoverafoundationthatservestomakethecolorevenandsmooth.01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT1[FullText全文閱讀]Thevisualperceptionofcoloroccursprimarilybytheabsorptionand/orreflectionofvisiblelightbytheproductandcorrespondstohumansseeingred,yellow,blue,green,black,etc.Suchcolorderivesfromthedifferentwavelengthsoflightinteractingwiththelightreceptorcellsintheeyeandsendingamessagetothebrain.Coloradditiveshavelongbeenapartofhumanculture.Archaeologistsdatecosmeticcolorsasfarbackas5000B.C.,andancientEgyptianwritingstellofdrugcolorants.ManyofusarefamiliarwithandrecognizedrawingsofCleopatrawithherwonderfuleyemakeup.Historianssayfoodcolorslikelyemergedaround1500B.C.Beforethedevelopmentofmoderntechnology,colorsprimarilycamefromsubstancesfoundinnature,suchasindigo,turmeric,paprikaandsaffron.Butasthe19thcenturyapproached,newkindsofcolorsappearedthatofferedmarketerswidercoloringpossibilities.Thesecolors,madeinthelaboratory,werefoundtobemuchmorestablewithgreatercoloringintensity,meaningthatlesscolorantcouldbeusedintheproducttoaccomplishthesameeffect.Theyalsocouldbeproducedwithoutusingplantsharvestedinthewild.01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點(diǎn)單詞和短語]ColorAdditiven.顏色添加劑FacialMakeupProductsn.面部彩妝產(chǎn)品01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點(diǎn)單詞和短語]Hue/hju?/n.色相，色澤Tone/to?n/n.色調(diào)Shade/?e?d/n.明暗度Tint/t?nt/n.色調(diào)，明調(diào)/hue/01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點(diǎn)單詞和短語]ColorTheorydefinesaTrueTintasanyHueormixtureofpurecolorswithonlyWhiteadded.Inotherwords,itremainsexactlythesamecolor,onlyapalerversion.(色彩理論將明調(diào)定義為，在任何色相或混合的純色中只添加白色。換句話說，它還是原來的顏色，只是變淺了。)ColorTheorydefinesaTrueToneasanyHueormixtureofpurecolorswithonlyGrayadded.Thecolorremainsthesame,onlylessvibrant（色彩理論將色調(diào)定義為在任何色相或混合的純色中只添加灰色。顏色沒變，只是沒那么鮮艷了。）ColorTheorydefinesaTrueShade?asanypureHueormixtureofpurecolorswithonlyBlackadded.AShadedarkensthecolor.ItremainsthesameHue,onlyadarkerversion.（色彩理論將明暗度度定義為，在任何色相或混合的純色中只添加黑色。一個(gè)色塊使顏色變暗。它保持了原來的色調(diào)，只是變暗了一些。）Whatabeautifulbluehue!Whatshadeofgreendoyoulike?Whichtonedoyouprefer?Thattintistoolight.Hue,Tint,ToneandShade/hue/01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點(diǎn)單詞和短語]COLORisthegeneraltermweusetodescribeeveryhue,tint,toneorshadewesee.White,BlackandGrayareoftenreferredtoasacolor.（顏色是我們用來描述我們所看到的每種色相、色調(diào)、色調(diào)或陰影的通用術(shù)語。白色、黑色和灰色通常被稱為一種顏色。）AHUEreferstothedominantColorFamilyofthespecificcolorwe'relookingat.White,BlackandGreyareneverreferredtoasaHue.（色相指的是我們所觀察的特定顏色的主導(dǎo)色。白色、黑色和灰色不能被稱為一種色相。）/hue/01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點(diǎn)單詞和短語]Pigment/?p?ɡm(xù)?nt/n.顏料Colorant/?k?l?r?nt/n.著色劑Dye/da?/n.染料01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點(diǎn)單詞和短語]Visual/?v??u?l/ adj.視覺的，視力的visualimpression 視覺印像visualperception 視覺感知visualrffects 視覺效果visualfield 視野PaletteMixingcolor/?p?l?t/n.調(diào)色板；顏料調(diào)色Visible/?v?z?bl/n.看得見的visiblelight 可見光01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點(diǎn)單詞和短語]Absorption/?b?z??rp?n,?b?s??rp?n/n.吸收ReflectionWavelength/r??flek?n/n.反射/?we?vle?θ/n.波長(zhǎng)Intensity/?n?tens?ti/n.強(qiáng)度01前綴：un- 無,不unreal不真實(shí)（un+real真實(shí)的）unfortunate不幸的（un+fortunate幸運(yùn)的）unofficial非官方的（un+official官方的）unstable不穩(wěn)定（un+stable穩(wěn)定的）前綴：un- 打開，解開，弄出unlock開鎖（un+lock鎖）unbind解開（un+bind捆?。﹗ntomb掘墓（un+tomb墓）unearth從地下挖出（un+earth土地）PART1[SodiumLaurylSulfateandammoniumlaurylsulfate十二烷基硫酸鈉和十二烷基硫酸銨]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點(diǎn)單詞和短語]01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

3[SentenceParsing句子解析]-ed 形容詞后綴coloured有色的skilled熟練的dark-haired黑發(fā)的kinde-hearted好心的mint-flavored 薄荷風(fēng)味的mint/m?nt/薄荷flavor/?fle?v?r/風(fēng)味01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點(diǎn)單詞和短語]WordandPhrasefoundationblushtoothpastecontactlenseseyeliner粉底腮紅牙膏隱形眼鏡眼線筆01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

3[SentenceParsing句子解析]FacialMakeupProducts

areproductsthatareusedtocolorandhighlightfacialfeatures.面部化妝產(chǎn)品是用來著色和突出面部特征的產(chǎn)品。They

caneither

directlyaddor

altercolororcanbeappliedoverafoundationthatservestomakethecolorevenandsmooth.它們可以直接添加或改變顏色，也可以應(yīng)用在粉底上，使色澤均勻和光滑。Coloradditives

provideconsumerswitheverythingfromtheredtintintheirblushtothegreenhueoftheirmint-flavoredtoothpaste.顏色添加劑為消費(fèi)者提供了一切，從腮紅的紅色到薄荷味牙膏的綠色。They

aredyes,pigments,orothersubstances[thatcanimpartcolorwhenaddedorappliedtoafood,drugorcosmetic].它們是染料、顏料以及其他添加或應(yīng)用于食品、藥品或化妝品時(shí)能賦予顏色的物質(zhì)。Theycanbefoundinawiderangeofconsumerproducts—fromcoughsyrupandbreakfastcerealtocontactlensesandeyeliner.它們存在于各種各樣的消費(fèi)品中，從止咳糖漿、早餐麥片到隱形眼鏡和眼線筆。highlight突出；feature特征；alter改變;impart給予；cough咳嗽；syrup糖漿；cereal谷類01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

3[SentenceParsing句子解析]Moderndaycoloradditives

havebeensafelyusedformorethan150yearstomakecosmeticandpersonalcareproductsdecorative,attractiveandappealing.150多年來，現(xiàn)代顏色添加劑一直被安全地用于化妝品和個(gè)人護(hù)理產(chǎn)品，使其具有裝飾性、吸引力和誘惑力。Coloradditives

maybeusedtocreateaproductimageorrecognition,the"mood"oftheproduct,orothervisualimpressions.顏色添加劑可用于創(chuàng)建產(chǎn)品形象或辨識(shí)，產(chǎn)品的格調(diào)，或其他視覺印象。Priortothedevelopmentofthewidecolorpalettecurrentlyavailable,products

tendedtoappeardrabandcolors

wereveryunstableandfadedquickly.在當(dāng)前如此廣泛的顏色被開發(fā)出之前，產(chǎn)品往往顯得單調(diào)，并且顏色非常不穩(wěn)定，褪色很快。Mixingcolorstoachievetheexactdesiredeffectrequiresgreatskillandknowledgeofthepropertiesoftheingredientsandproducts-itistrulyanartform.調(diào)色以達(dá)到理想的效果需要高超的技巧和對(duì)原料與產(chǎn)品特性的了解——這是一種真正的藝術(shù)形式。barrier屏障；unique獨(dú)特的；silky絲滑的；temporary暫時(shí)的；recognition識(shí)別；drab單調(diào)；fade褪色01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

3[SentenceParsing句子解析]Thevisualperceptionofcoloroccursprimarilybytheabsorptionand/orreflectionofvisiblelightbytheproductand

correspondstohumansseeingred,yellow,blue,green,black,etc.顏色的視覺感知主要是通過產(chǎn)品對(duì)可見光的吸收和/或反射產(chǎn)生的，對(duì)應(yīng)于人類看到紅、黃、藍(lán)、綠、黑等。Suchcolor

derivesfromthedifferentwavelengthsoflightinteractingwiththelightreceptorcellsintheeyeandsendingamessagetothebrain.這種顏色來源于不同波長(zhǎng)的光與眼睛里的光感受器細(xì)胞相互作用，并向大腦發(fā)送信息。Coloradditives

havelongbeenapartofhumanculture.長(zhǎng)期以來，顏色添加劑一直是人類文化的一部分。Archaeologists

datecosmeticcolorsasfarbackas5000B.C.,andancientEgyptianwritingstellofdrugcolorants.考古學(xué)家認(rèn)為化妝品所用的顏色可以追溯到公元前5000年，古埃及著作中也提到了藥物著色劑。Manyofus

arefamiliarwithandrecognizedrawingsofCleopatrawithherwonderfuleyemakeup.我們很多人都熟悉并認(rèn)識(shí)畫中帶著迷人眼妝的克利奧帕特拉。receptor接收器；cell細(xì)胞；Archaeologist考古學(xué)家；01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

3[SentenceParsing句子解析]Historians

sayfoodcolorslikelyemergedaround1500B.C.歷史學(xué)家說食用色素很可能出現(xiàn)在公元前1500年左右。Beforethedevelopmentofmoderntechnology,colorsprimarilycamefromsubstancesfoundinnature.在現(xiàn)代技術(shù)發(fā)展之前，顏色主要來自于自然界中的物質(zhì)。Butasthe19thcenturyapproached,newkindsofcolors

appearedthatofferedmarketerswidercoloringpossibilities.但隨著19世紀(jì)的到來，新的顏色出現(xiàn)了，為市場(chǎng)人員提供了更廣泛的用色可能性。Thesecolors,madeinthelaboratory,werefoundtobemuchmorestablewithgreatercoloringintensity,meaningthatlesscolorantcouldbeusedintheproducttoaccomplishthesameeffect.這些在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中制造出來的顏色，在更強(qiáng)的著色強(qiáng)度下更加穩(wěn)定，這意味著在產(chǎn)品中可以使用更少的著色劑來達(dá)到同樣的效果。Theyalsocouldbeproducedwithoutusingplantsharvestedinthewild.它們也可以在不使用野生植物的情況下生產(chǎn)。emerge浮現(xiàn)；modern現(xiàn)代；accomplish實(shí)現(xiàn)1PART1[Overview概述]2PART2[Safety安全性]02PART2[Safety安全性]CONTENT1[FullText全文閱讀]ColoradditivesaresubjecttoastrictsystemofapprovalundertheFederalFood,Drug,andCosmeticAct(FD&CAct).Exceptinthecaseofcoal-tarhairdyes,allcoloradditivesusedincosmeticsmustbeapprovedbyFDA.ColoradditiveviolationsareacommonreasonfordetainingimportedcosmeticproductsofferedforentryintotheUnitedStates.AccordingtoFDAregulations,ifyourproduct(exceptcoal-tarhairdyes)containsacoloradditive,youmustadheretorequirementsfor:Approval.Allcoloradditivesusedincosmetics(oranyotherFDA-regulatedproduct)mustbeapprovedbyFDA.Theremustbearegulationspecificallyaddressingasubstance’suseasacoloradditive,itsspecifications,andrestrictions.Certification.Inadditiontoapproval,foranumberofcoloradditives,everybatchmademustbecertifiedbyFDAiftheyaretobeusedincosmetics(oranyotherFDA-regulatedproduct)marketedintheU.S.Identityandspecifications.AllcoloradditivesmustmeettherequirementsforidentityandspecificationsstatedintheCodeofFederalRegulations(CFR).02PART2[Safety安全性]CONTENT1[FullText全文閱讀]Useandrestrictions.Coloradditivesmaybeusedonlyfortheintendedusesstatedintheregulationsthatpertaintothem.Theregulationsalsospecifyotherrestrictionsforcertaincolors,suchasthemaximumpermissibleconcentrationinthefinishedproduct.AccordingtoLindaKatz,M.D.,M.P.H.,DirectoroftheOfficeofCosmeticsandColorsinFDA'sCenterforFoodSafetyandAppliedNutrition,"Coloradditivesareverysafewhenusedproperly.”TheFDAconductsdetailedsafetyreviewsforcolorsusedincosmeticsandtheapprovalprocessmayinvolvenumerousstudiestoestablishsafety.FDAliststheapprovedcolorsintheCodeofFederalRegulations(Title21).Theseregulationsdescribetheidentityofthecolor,theallowedcomposition,theusesandrestrictionsandanyotherrequirementnecessarytoensuresafeuse.Colorsarealsoregulatedinothercountries.Forinstance,intheEuropeanUnion,colorsareidentifiedonalistofallowedingredientsforcoloringpurposes.ThecolorsareidentifiedbyaColourIndexnumberratherthanadescriptivenamesuchasYellow5orRed7.ManyothercountriesfollowtheEuropeanUnionmodelforcolorregulation.02PART2[Safety安全性]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點(diǎn)單詞和短語]Approval/??pru?vl/n.批準(zhǔn)Approve

v.批準(zhǔn)CertificationIdentity/?s??rt?f??ke??n/n.認(rèn)證Certify v.核證/?we?vle?θ/n.標(biāo)識(shí)Identify v.確定Restrictionn.限制Restrict v.限制Requirementn.要求Requirev.要求AddressStatement/??dres/v.提出

n.規(guī)定，聲明Statev.規(guī)定，聲明Regulationn.條例

Regulate v.規(guī)定02PART2[Safety安全性]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點(diǎn)單詞和短語]Violation/?va???le??n/n.違反Adhere/?d?h?r/v.遵守Coal-tar/?ko?ltɑ?r/n.煤焦油02PART2[Safety安全性]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點(diǎn)單詞和短語]Specification/?spes?f??ke??n/n.規(guī)格，說明書BatchMaximumPermissibleConcentration/b?t?/n.批n.最大允許濃度FinishedProductn.成品01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點(diǎn)單詞和短語]ColourIndex/Colorants(bothdyesandpigments)arelistedaccordingtoColourIndexGenericNamesandColourIndexConstitutionNumbers.ThesenumbersareprefixedwithC.I.orCI,forexample,CI15510.著色劑(包括染料和顏料)根據(jù)顏色索引通用名稱和顏色索引組成編號(hào)列出。這些數(shù)字的前綴是C.I.或CI，例如，CI15510。02CONTENT3[SentenceParsing句子解析]PART2[Safety安全性]Coloradditives

aresubjecttoastrictsystemofapprovalundertheFederalFood,Drug,andCosmeticAct(FD&CAct).根據(jù)美國(guó)聯(lián)邦食品藥品和化妝品法(FD&C法)，顏色添加劑必須經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的批準(zhǔn)。Exceptinthecaseofcoal-tarhairdyes,allcoloradditivesusedincosmeticsmustbeapprovedbyFDA.除了煤焦油染發(fā)劑，化妝品中使用的所有顏色添加劑都必須得到FDA的批準(zhǔn)。Coloradditiveviolations

areacommonreasonfordetainingimportedcosmeticproductsofferedforentryintotheUnitedStates.

違反顏色添加劑規(guī)定是美國(guó)扣留進(jìn)口化妝品的常見原因。AccordingtoFDAregulations,ifyourproduct(exceptcoal-tarhairdyes)containsacoloradditive,you

mustadheretorequirementsfor:根據(jù)FDA規(guī)定，如果你的產(chǎn)品(煤焦油染發(fā)劑除外)含有顏色添加劑，你必須遵守以下要求:subjectto遭受；strict嚴(yán)格的；Act法案；common通常的；detain扣留02CONTENT3[SentenceParsing句子解析]PART2[Safety安全性]Approval.Allcoloradditivesusedincosmetics(oranyotherFDA-regulatedproduct)mustbeapprovedbyFDA.Theremustbearegulationspecificallyaddressingasubstance’suseasacoloradditive,itsspecifications,andrestrictions.批準(zhǔn)。所有用于化妝品(或任何其他FDA監(jiān)管的產(chǎn)品)的顏色添加劑都必須得到FDA的批準(zhǔn)。必須有專門的規(guī)定說明一種物質(zhì)作為顏色添加劑的用途，其規(guī)格和限制。Certification.Inadditiontoapproval,foranumberofcoloradditives,everybatchmademustbecertifiedbyFDAiftheyaretobeusedincosmetics(oranyotherFDA-regulatedproduct)marketedintheU.S.認(rèn)證。除了批準(zhǔn)之外，對(duì)于一些顏色添加劑，如果要用于在美國(guó)銷售的化妝品(或任何其他FDA監(jiān)管的產(chǎn)品)，每一批次生產(chǎn)的顏色添加劑都必須得到FDA的認(rèn)證。Identityandspecifications.AllcoloradditivesmustmeettherequirementsforidentityandspecificationsstatedintheCodeofFederalRegulations(CFR).標(biāo)識(shí)和規(guī)格。所有的顏色添加劑必須符合聯(lián)邦法規(guī)(CFR)中規(guī)定的標(biāo)識(shí)和規(guī)格的要求。specifically明確的；Code法典；state聲明02CONTENT3[SentenceParsing句子解析]PART2[Safety安全性]Useandrestrictions.Coloradditives

maybeusedonlyfortheintendedusesstate