英語國家文化與社會 圖說

2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com1Welcometo

TheSociety&CultureofMajorEnglish-speakingCountriesInstructor:ScottSongE-mail:Scott007s@Unit3NorthernIrelandTheGovernmentoftheUK2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com3Chapter2

NorthernIrelandQuickFactsandFigures:CapitalCity:Belfast(貝爾法斯特,484,000)Languages:EnglishOfficialCurrency:PoundPopulation:1,692,000Landforms:Ingeneralterms,NorthernIrelandisaseriesofrolling,greenhills

2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com4LandDivisions:6counties,includingAntrim(安特里姆郡),Armagh(阿馬郡),Londonderry(倫敦德里),Down(丹恩郡),Fermanagh(弗馬納郡)

andTyrone(蒂龍郡)

Otherfeatures:

Thesmallestofthefournations.BestknownfoeitspoliticalproblemMainpoliticalgroupings(P.25)Famouslandmark:

Giant'sCauseway2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com5Flag

2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com6Giant'sCauseway-WishingChair

2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com7Giant'sCauseway(堤道)-HexagonalLava2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com82023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com9HoneycombBasaltPatterns

蜂巢型玄武巖CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com102023/5/16Unit3TheGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomCompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com112023/5/16BriefintroductionofthegovernmentoftheUK2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com12Governmenttype(政府模式):

constitutionalmonarchy(君主立憲內(nèi)閣制

)英國國王是世襲的國家元首。國家的一切重要行政措施都用女王的名義發(fā)布，但其活動多屬于禮儀性質(zhì)，無實(shí)權(quán)。議會是英國最高立法機(jī)構(gòu)，由國王和上院（貴族院）、下院（眾議院）組成。下院的議員由選舉產(chǎn)生，每5年大選一次。下院的議長是議會發(fā)言人兼大會主席，其地位僅次于首相和樞密大臣。樞密院(PrivyCouncil)由以樞密大臣為首的約300名左右的樞密顧問官組成，一般為終身制。2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com13國會分上、下兩院。下院議員由人民選舉，任期5年。上院由世襲或加封之貴族、教士或社會賢達(dá)組成。此外，內(nèi)閣掌握政權(quán)，閣員由首相提名，經(jīng)由國王同意任命。此外，首相為下議院多數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖，有權(quán)解散、改選下議院。2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com14國家元首(Queen/King)最高行政機(jī)構(gòu)(ExecutiveBranch):部長內(nèi)閣大臣(CabinetofMinisters)由下議院(HouseofCommons)中獲得最多票數(shù)的政黨的成員組成，正式程序需由首相提名，英王任命.在下議院中占少數(shù)議席的最大政黨則成為正式的反對黨，擁有自己的領(lǐng)袖和"影子內(nèi)閣"。反對黨有義務(wù)對政府的政策提出不同意見，同時提出可供選擇的政策方案。2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com15內(nèi)閣首長:首相

(PrimeMinister)首相為下議院多數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖，有權(quán)解散、改選下議院.最高司法機(jī)構(gòu)(Judicialbranch):

上議院同時也是全英最高法院四個地區(qū)有各自的最高法院2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com16立法機(jī)構(gòu)(Legislativebranch):全英國會(UnitedKingdomParliament)

上議院(HouseofLords)，最多共618席，大部分為終身議員或終身貴族(lifepeers)，部分是世襲議員或世襲貴族(hereditarypeers)，和神職議員(clergy).下議院(HouseofCommons)，共659席，由全英公民普選產(chǎn)生，任期可達(dá)至5年.2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com17HouseofCommons2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com18HouseofLords2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com19Current

Chiefofstate(國家元首):Question:WhoisthecurrentChiefofState?QueenELIZABETHII

(since6February1952);

HeirApparent(有確定繼承權(quán)的人)

PrinceCHARLES

(sonofthequeen,born14November1948)2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com20英國女王伊麗莎白二世2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com21伊麗莎白二世，全稱為“大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國與其他國土和領(lǐng)地之女王，聯(lián)邦的元首”。１９２６年４月２１日生于倫敦，原名為伊麗莎白·亞歷山德拉·瑪麗，是英國溫莎王朝第四代君主、英王喬治六世的長女。自幼在皇宮內(nèi)接受教育，主修憲法史和法律。她的歷史老師C·H·K·馬丁是伊頓公學(xué)校長.她在歷史、語言和音樂方面有造詣，能流利地講法語、西班牙語和德語。1945年伊麗莎白公主說服了她的父親，允許她直接參與協(xié)助打贏這場戰(zhàn)爭。她參與了一個支援戰(zhàn)爭的婦女團(tuán)體，在那里她的編號是第230873號伊麗莎白·溫莎第二中尉。這是她第一次與其他孩子共同受訓(xùn)。據(jù)說她本人非常喜歡這次經(jīng)驗(yàn)，也正是因?yàn)檫@次的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，使她之后將自己的孩子送到學(xué)校上學(xué)，而不是讓他們在家學(xué)習(xí)。2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com221947年12月20日伊麗莎白二世與希臘的菲利浦王子結(jié)婚。菲利浦是伊麗莎白女王的第三個堂哥，他們的曾曾祖母都是維多利亞女王（菲利浦王子在結(jié)婚前宣誓放棄希臘王位的繼承權(quán)，在愛丁堡公爵這個頭銜之前他沒有頭銜，就叫作菲利浦·蒙巴頓中尉）。這樁婚事非常適合一位即將繼承王位的女性，因?yàn)樗姆蚓邮苓^王室訓(xùn)練，卻又不會繼任另一國的王位。但是這樁婚姻卻不是刻意安排的，兩人的關(guān)系經(jīng)歷了許多考驗(yàn)，包括有關(guān)菲利浦不忠的流言。2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com23

伊麗莎白二世于１９５１年開始代表英王喬治六世出席各種正式場合。１９５２年２月６日國王逝世，她繼承王位。

女王是英國世襲國家元首，除英國外，女王同時也是澳大利亞、新西亞、加拿大等國家的元首。同時也是英格蘭教會的最高首領(lǐng)。

2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com24伊麗莎白二世有三子一女:

長子查爾斯王子為王位繼承人、次子安德魯、三子愛德華、女兒艾麗斯·路易絲公主。

2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com25PrinceCharlesandhisgirlfriend

CamillaParker-Bowlesin2004

2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com26Politicalpartiesandleaders:Question:Whichpartyisthegoverningparty(執(zhí)政黨)currentlyintheUK?LaborParty

(工黨)

[TonyBLAIR]執(zhí)政黨。1900年成立。領(lǐng)袖托尼?布萊爾。該黨曾于1945－1951年，1964－1970年，1974－1979年上臺執(zhí)政。1997年大選獲勝執(zhí)至2007年?，F(xiàn)有黨員39萬名，是英國第一大黨。

2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com27ConservativeParty(保守黨)

[MichaelHOWARD霍華德]主要反對黨。前身為1679年成立的托利黨，1833年改稱現(xiàn)名。領(lǐng)袖MichaelHOWARD(霍華德)

該黨從1979至1997年4次連續(xù)執(zhí)政，成為20世紀(jì)在英國占主導(dǎo)地位的政黨，是執(zhí)政時間最長，大選得勝次數(shù)最多的政黨。1997年5月大選中遭受前所未有的慘敗下臺。保守黨的支持者一般來自企業(yè)界和富裕階層，主張自由市場經(jīng)濟(jì)。2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com28LiberalDemocrats

Party(自由民主黨)

[CharlesKENNEDY]第三大黨。1988年3月由原自由黨和社會民主黨內(nèi)支持同自由黨合并的多數(shù)派組成。領(lǐng)袖查爾斯?肯尼迪（CharlesKENNEDY），1999年8月當(dāng)選。主張繼續(xù)維持與工黨的合作關(guān)系，推動工黨在地方選舉及下院選舉中實(shí)行比例代表制，在公共服務(wù)、社會公正、環(huán)境保護(hù)等問題上采取比工黨更"進(jìn)步"的政策?，F(xiàn)有黨員約10萬名。

2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com29DemocraticUnionistParty(民主統(tǒng)一黨)(NorthernIreland)[Rev.IanPaisley];IanPaisley

(bornApril6,1926)isapoliticianandchurchleaderinNorthernIreland

2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com30Flagdescription:

EnglandScotlandformerNIreland2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com31BluefieldwiththeredcrossofSaintGeorge(patronsaintofEngland

英格蘭守護(hù)神)edgedinwhitesuperimposed(添加)onthediagonalredcrossofSaintPatrick(patronsaintofIreland愛爾蘭守護(hù)神),whichissuperimposedonthediagonalwhitecrossofSaintAndrew(patronsaintofScotland蘇格蘭守護(hù)神);properlyknownastheUnionFlag(聯(lián)合王國國旗),butcommonlycalledtheUnionJack.2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com32

thedesignandcolors(especiallytheBluedesign)havebeenthebasisforanumberofotherflagsincludingotherCommonwealthcountriesandtheirconstituentstatesorprovinces,aswellasBritishoverseasterritories.AustraliaflagNewZealandFlagCompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com332023/5/16TheBritishGovernmentToday(P.37)2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com342.Readthetests1)Text(P.36)2)Themonarchy(P.37)3)TheBritishGovernmenttoday(P.39)4)TheConstitution(憲法)(P.39)5)Parliament(P.40)6)TheRoleoftheMonarchytoday(P.40)7)TheHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommons(P.42)2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com351)Text–introduction(P.36)Wordsandexpressions:Representativedemocracy代議民主制Trace追溯State-building創(chuàng)建國家，建國Evolution演變,進(jìn)化2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com36TheMonarchy(P.38)Wordsandexpressions:Monarchy君主制Dateback回溯至Sovereign君主,最高統(tǒng)治者Doctrine教條,信條2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com37DivineRightofkings君權(quán)神授Legitimate合法的Heir/successor(繼任者)繼承人Hereditary世襲的Roundhead圓顱黨(英國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間的議會派分子,與?；庶h相對,主張廢除君主)2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com38Defy公然違抗Exercisepower行使權(quán)利Oust驅(qū)逐,罷黜Abolish廢除Abuseauthority/power

濫用職權(quán)2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com39Feudalbaron封建貴族Cabinet內(nèi)閣2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com40TheBritishGovernmentToday(P.39)Parliamentarydemocracy代議民主制Constitutionalmonarchy君主立憲制Cornersoftheglobe世界各地Governor-General總督2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com414)TheConstitution(憲法)(P.39)Termsandconditionoftheconstitution憲法條款(文)Statutelaw成文法Commonlaw判例法Conversions習(xí)慣法2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com42Parliament(P.40)Firstandforemost首要的是Taxation稅制Scrutinize詳細(xì)檢查Restraint限制,約束2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com43Electorate選民Assert表明，斷言,聲稱Precedent先例Overturn,overrule推翻Reference提議，提案2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com44Amatterofcourse一件理所當(dāng)然的事2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com45TheRoleoftheMonarchyToday(P.40)Legislature立法機(jī)關(guān)Judiciary司法部Extramaritalaffairs婚外情Squandermoney揮霍錢財2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com46Jet-settinglifestyle奢侈的生活方式Controversy爭論Fulfillone’srole履行職責(zé)Fulfillone’spromise履行諾言Loungearoundstreet在街上閑逛2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com47Debatecometoahead辯論達(dá)到白熱化(高潮)Decadence墮落;頹廢Recession經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期;不景氣Runningcost經(jīng)營費(fèi)用,運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)成本Endearoneselfto使自己為人所喜愛2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com48Confidante知己的女友intimatefriend知己的朋友Neutrality中立(態(tài)度)Neutral中立國;中立的,中性的Geton相處2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com49TheHoseofLordsandtheHouseofCommons(P.42)Wordsandexpressions:LordsSpiritual神職議員Archbishop大主教Bishop主教LordsTemporal世俗議員2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com50Peer貴族,上院議員Lifepeer終身議員Acivic-mindedperson關(guān)心公益事業(yè)的人Sexist男性至上主義者Elite/elitist精英2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com51Veritable名副其實(shí)的;真實(shí)的；真正的Thisisaveritableantique.這是一件真正的古董．Allowance=subsidy津貼2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com52ThestructureoftheUK’sgovernment:

TheQueen

ThePrimeMinister

CabinetofMinistersTheParliament:TheHouseofCommonTheHouseofLordsCompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com532023/5/16Reviewofknowledgefromlastclass2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com54Questions:1.WhyistheMonarchycarriedoutintheUK?(P.38,P2)Thepowerofthemonarchywaslargelyderivedfromtheancientdoctrineofthe“divinerightofkings(君權(quán)神授)”.ItwasheldthatthesovereignderivedhisauthorityfromGod,notfromhis/hersubjects(臣民).2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com552.Whatisthecurrentgovernmenttype(政府模式)oftheUK?Bothrepresentativedemocracy(代議民主制)andconstitutionalmonarchy(君主立憲內(nèi)閣制)3.WhataretheconstituentpartsofBritishparliament?TheHouseofLords,andtheHouseofCommons2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com564.WhatarethethreemajorpoliticalpartiesintheUK?LaborParty;ConservativeParty;LiberalDemocratsParty5.WhichcityisthecapitalcityofScotland,Wales,andNorthernIreland,respectively?Scotland–

Edinburgh(愛丁堡)Wales–

Cardiff(加的夫)NorthernIreland-

Belfast(貝爾法斯特)2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com576.WhatarethemajorreligionsintheUK?Catholicism(天主教)Christianism(基督教)Anglicanism(英國國教)2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com587.WhatarethethreelawswhichconsistoftheBritishconstitution,andwhatdoeseachofthelawsmean?Statutelaw-LawspassedbyparliamentCommonlaw-lawsestablishedthroughcommonpracticeinthecourts.2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com59Conventions-rulesandpracticeswhichdonotexistlegally,butvitaltotheworkingsofgovernment.2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com608.WhatarethemainfunctionsofBritishparliament?Topasslaws,tovotefortaxation,toscrutinizegovernmentpolicy,administration,andexpenditureandtodebatethemajorissuesoftheday.9.WhatistheprimaryroleoftheMonarchy?TosymbolizethetraditionandunityoftheBritishstate.2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com6110.WhatisthemainfeatureofBritishconstitutionthatisdifferentfromothercountries?Thereisnowrittenconstitutionswhichlistoutthebasicprinciplesofhowacountryshouldbegoverned.2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com6211Strictlyspeaking,whichthreepartsconsistoftheParliament?TheQueen,theHouseofLords,andtheHouseofCommon12.Whoarepeersintheparliament?ThememberoftheHouseofLords,usuallycalled

Lords.2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com6313.Whatisthedifferencebetweenhereditory

peersandlifepeers?Peersarethosewhoinheritedtheseatfromtheirforefathers,whilelifepeersarethosewhoareappointedbythesovereign,atthesuggestionofthePrimeMinister.Thelatterarenotallowedtopasshisseattohisson.2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com6414.WhoaretheLordsSpiritual?TheArchbishopsandmostprominentbishopsoftheChurchofEnglandintheHouseofLords.15.WhoareMPS?ThemembersoftheHouseofCommons.2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com6516.HowlongcanaMPsitintheHouseofCommonsafterhe/shehasbeenelected?Fiveyears.17.IsaMPbeallowedtobereelected?Ifyes,howmanytimesishe/sheallowedtobereelected?Yes.AMpisallowedtobereelectedlimitlessnumberoftimes.2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com66Wordsandexpressions:這個風(fēng)俗可追溯到一千年前Thiscustomcanbetracedoverathousandyear.政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)的不穩(wěn)定性Politicalandeconomicinstability建國State-building演變Evolution2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com67君主制Monarchy代議民主制Representativedemocracy君主,最高統(tǒng)治者Sovereign教條,信條Doctrine君權(quán)神授DivineRightofKings2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com68合法的Legitimate繼承人Heir/successor(繼任者)世襲的Hereditary公然違抗Defy行使權(quán)利Exercisepower2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com69驅(qū)逐,罷黜Oust廢除Abolish

濫用職權(quán)Abuseauthority/power封建貴族Feudalbaron內(nèi)閣Cabinet2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com70憲法條款(文)Termsandconditionsoftheconstitution成文法Statutelaw判定法Commonlaw習(xí)慣法Conversionlaw2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com71詳細(xì)檢查Scrutinize限制,約束Restraint推翻Overturn,overrule先例Precedent一件理所當(dāng)然的事Amatterofcourse2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com72Vocabularyreview(2)立法機(jī)關(guān)Legislature司法部Judiciary婚外情Extramaritalaffairs揮霍錢財Squandermoney2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com73奢侈的生活方式Jet-settinglifestyle爭論Controversy履行職責(zé)Fulfillone’srole履行諾言Fulfillone’spromise在街上閑逛Loungearoundstreet2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com74辯論達(dá)到白熱化(高潮)Debatecometoahead墮落;頹廢Decadence經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期;不景氣Recession經(jīng)營費(fèi)用,運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)成本Runningcost使自己為人所喜愛Endearoneselfto2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com75知己的女友Confidante知己的朋友intimatefriend中立(態(tài)度)Neutrality中立國;中立的,中性的Neutral相處Geton2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com76貴族,上院議員Peer終身議員Lifepeer關(guān)心公益事業(yè)的人Acivic-mindedperson男性至上主義者Sexist精英Elite2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com77名副其實(shí)的;真實(shí)的；真正的VeritableThisisaveritableantique.這是一件真正的古董．津貼Allowance溫莎堡WindsorCastle白金漢宮BuckinghamPalace2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com78Exercises:(P.46-48)I.1,2,4,5,7,9II.1,6-10III.2,8,9-12IV.2,3CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com792023/5/16Unit4ClassandRace(P.57-61)2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com80Class(P.57)WhatistheBritishSocialClassStructure:HereditaryaristocracyUppermiddle-classMiddle-classLowermiddle-classWorking-class2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com81Wordsandexpressions:Exaggerate夸大,夸張Lifechance人生的機(jī)遇Farfrom遠(yuǎn)非,完全不Hazy模糊的；朦朧的2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com82Differentiate區(qū)別,區(qū)分TheSun太陽報（英國通俗報紙）Hardnews嚴(yán)肅新聞hotnews最新消息Softnews趣味性新聞2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com83Soapoperas

肥皂劇TheGuardians

“衛(wèi)報”（英國的嚴(yán)肅報紙）Amongst在...中間,在...之中Markoff劃分出2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com84Baronet準(zhǔn)男爵(直接位于男爵之下但位于所有騎士等級之上的世襲身份擁有者，通常授予平民)Baron男爵(英國世襲的最低級的貴族爵位)Duke公爵(英國具有最高世襲身份的貴族)Seniortier年長者→年滿２１歲者2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com85Overstate=exaggerateDisproportionate不成比例的Entrepreneur<法>企業(yè)家CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com862023/5/16Race(P.59)2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com87Wordsandexpressions:Exclusive獨(dú)家享有的,專有的,唯一的E.g.Exclusivenews/agentExclusivelyadv.Ethnic人種的,種族的Ethnicminority?少數(shù)民族Portcity港口城市2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com88Consequence結(jié)局；結(jié)果Cuisine

廚房烹調(diào)法,烹飪,烹調(diào)風(fēng)格Experimentation實(shí)驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)Invigorate鼓舞,激勵Chart-toppingrecord

流行音樂(唱片)排行榜2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com89Afro-Caribbean加勒比黑人的Moslem穆斯林的Alongside在旁;沿著;傍著Assimilate同化Americahasassimilatedmanyoutstandingpeoplefromallcornersoftheworld.美國同化了許多來自世界各地優(yōu)秀的人。2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com90Borough享有自治權(quán)的市鎮(zhèn)或區(qū)E.g.LondonBoroughUniform統(tǒng)一的,相同的,一致的Distasteful(令人)不愉快的,討厭的Pub/bar/guesthouse/alehouse酒吧2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com91Racism

種族歧視Subtle

微妙的->隱藏的Overt明顯的,公然的Worse-off

adv.

惡化,情況更壞Under-represented未被充分代表的2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com92Follower追隨者,信徒TheNationalfront

(英國)民族陣線Impact影響Campaignv.

從事活動,作戰(zhàn)N.(政治或商業(yè)性)活動,競選運(yùn)動2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com93Theelectioncampaignconcludedwithamassmeeting.競選活動以群眾集會而告結(jié)束。Convictof宣判…有罪E.g.Hewasconvictedofrobbery.他被宣判犯搶劫罪。Riot暴亂,騷動CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com942023/5/16Reviewquestions2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com951.WhatistheBritishSocialClassStructure:HereditaryaristocracyUppermiddle-classMiddle-classLowermiddle-classWorking-class2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com962.Whatoccupationwouldbeconsideredasuppermiddleclass,middleclass,andlowermiddleclass,respectively?3.WhichclasspeoplewouldreadNewspaperTheSun,andwhichclasswouldreadTheGuardian?4.Whatdoes“Oxbridge”mean?CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com972023/5/16Unit5TheUKEconomy(P.72)2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com98ThecurrentUKeconomy(P.72)Quickfacts:Primaryindustries:

AgricultureStockraising(畜牧業(yè))-cattle(dairy,andbeef),crops(wheatandbarley小麥和大麥)Fishing(漁業(yè))(mainlyinScotland)Mining(礦業(yè))–oil,gas,andnuclearenergy2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com99Secondlyindustries:

Manufacturingindustry(制造業(yè))Pharmaceuticals(藥品),chemicals(化學(xué)制品),aerospace(航空),electronics(電子產(chǎn)品)…Tertiaryindustries(第三產(chǎn)業(yè)):Services(服務(wù)業(yè))

–banking,insurance,tourism,thesellingofgoods…2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com100TheUKeconomicfeatures:Itseconomicscope(經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模)

ranked#4intheworldin2002.TheUKisthesecondlargestoffshoreinvestingcountryintheworld.TheprivatelyownedbusinessistheprincipalpartoftheUKeconomy(about60%ofGrossNationalProduct

國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值

).2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com101ThecurrentUKEconomy(P.72)Otherwordsandexpressions:Sector(line1,P2)部分Graze(line5,P2)放牧Cattle(line5,P2)牛,家養(yǎng)牲畜Livestock(R-line4,P2)家畜2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com102BSEdisease(R-line3,P2)牛海綿狀腦病,“瘋牛病”Abundance(line6,P4)豐富,充裕Petroleum(R-lin32,P4)石油Spectacular(line2,p6)引人入勝的,壯觀的Workforce(line7,P6)勞動力2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com103Commodity(R-line6,P6)日用品Contract=

shrinkConsecutive=

successive(withoutabreak)Recession=decline

衰退，不景氣CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com1042023/5/16ReviewCurrentBritishEconomy2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com105Questions:1.WhatistheprimaryindustryoftheUK?Provideexamples.Agricultureisthe

primaryindustry.E.g.Stockraising(畜牧業(yè))-cattle(dairy,andbeef),crops(wheatandbarley小麥和大麥)Fishing(漁業(yè))(mainlyinScotland)Mining(礦業(yè))–oil,gas,andnuclearenergy2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com1062.WhatisthesecondlyindustryoftheUK?Provideexamples.TheSecondlyindustryoftheUKis

Manufacturingindustry(制造業(yè))E.g.Pharmaceuticals(藥品),chemicals(化學(xué)制品),aerospace(航空),electronics(電子產(chǎn)品)…2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com1073.WhatisthetertiaryindustriesoftheUK?Provideexamples.ThetertiaryindustriesareServices.E.g.

banking,insurance,tourism,thesellingofgoods(Retailing).2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com108Wordsandexpressions:牛Cattle奶牛Dairy食用牛Beef農(nóng)作物Crops2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com109小麥wheat大麥barley經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模economicscope放牧Graze家畜Livestock2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com110漁業(yè)Fishing礦業(yè)Mining制造業(yè)Manufacturingindustry畜牧業(yè)Stockraising零售業(yè)Retailing2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com111藥品Pharmaceuticals瘋牛病BSEdisease豐富的能源資源Abundanceofenergyresource石油Petroleum采(提煉)原油Extractoil2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com112第三產(chǎn)業(yè)Tertiaryindustries旅游業(yè)Tourism勞動力Workforce日用品Commodity國民生產(chǎn)總值GrossNationalProduct2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com113Exercise:(P.82)I.7-10II.3,5,6III.7,8,9IV.3CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com1142023/5/16Unit7BritishEducationSystem(P.106)2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com115Warmupquestions:WhatarethemainpurposesoftheChineseeducationsystem?WhatdoyouknowaboutthedifferencesbetweenChineseeducationandWesterneducation?Whatdoyouthinkaresomeimportantaspectsintermsofeducationalgoals?2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com1161.Introduction(P.106)2.ThePresentEducationSystem(P.110)3.HigherEducation(P.112)2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com1171.Introduction(P.106)Wordsandexpressions：Prosperity=

flourishing,booming繁榮“…beheavilyinvolvedin…”?

=

takegreatefforttodosth.Naughtypupils=badlybehavedstudents淘氣的小學(xué)生2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com118Corporalpunishment=physicalpunishment“returnofthecane”?=Restore/recoverofphysicalpunishmentIdiom=localdialect/phraseControversy=debate/dispute爭議2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com119Asawhole總的來說Inequality=

lackofequalityErase“Theenduringfeatureof…”?=thelong-standingfeatureof…Split=division分割，劃分2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com120Marker=adistinguishingsymbol標(biāo)志Belt=abandtotieorbucklearoundthebody(usuallyatthewaist)Display=

showoff炫耀2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com1212.ThePresentEducationSystem(P.110)Wordsandexpressions:Compulsory=

requiredbyrule義務(wù)的Beobligedto=

Compulsory/havetodosth.Stateschool=

government-runschool2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com122Preference=astrongliking偏愛Leaguetable?排名表Schoolleaver?=graduateAmbitiousparents=

Parentswhohavingastrongdesireforsuccessorachievement2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com123Independentschool=privateschoolTutorAristocratichousehold=noblemen’sfamilyHerMajesty’sInspector皇家督學(xué)Pre-primaryschooling學(xué)前教育機(jī)構(gòu)2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com124Playgroup家庭式托兒所Obligation=

dutyCo-educationalormixedschools男女混合學(xué)校Secondlyschool=juniorhighschool+seniorhighschool2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com125Comprehensiveschool綜合學(xué)校(普通中學(xué))Integral=required(e.g.requiredcourse/integralcourse)Curriculum=allcoursesdesignedforstudentsGrammarschool文法學(xué)校2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com126Avenueofeducation

=thewayofeducation教育途徑Sitexam=takeexamA-levelsexams=Collegeentranceexams2023/5/16CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com127Highereducation(P.112)Wordsandexpressions:Commitment=

promiseElitist高貴，精英Openuniversity=TVUniversityinChina開放大學(xué)CompiledbyScottSong,scott007s@126.com1282023/5/16ReviewofVocabularyBritishEducationalSystem2023/5/16Compiled