并列句和狀語(yǔ)從句

并列句和狀語(yǔ)從句并列句和狀語(yǔ)從句24/25PAGE24并列句和狀語(yǔ)從句并列句和狀語(yǔ)從句并列句和狀語(yǔ)從句一并列句用法連詞例句表并列、遞進(jìn)或順承關(guān)系and,both…and…，neither…nor…，notonly…butalso…，aswellasTheearthisoneofthesun’splanets,themoonisoursatellite.表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but(不可與although連用)，yetWhatweareabouttodoisperfectlylegal.pleasedon’tdiscussitwithanyone.表選擇關(guān)系either…or…，not…but…,or,orelse,ratherthanNowyoucanhavearestyoucangotothecinema.現(xiàn)在你可以休息，或者去看電影。表因果關(guān)系for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首)，soHefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.when“就在這時(shí)，突然”sb.beabouttodo/onthepointofdoingsth.when…某人正要做某事，突然……OneFriday,we(pack)toleaveforaweekendawaymydaughterheardcriesforhelp.一個(gè)周五我們正在收拾行李要去度周末時(shí)，我的女兒突然聽(tīng)到了呼救聲。She(finish)herhomeworkhermotheraskedhertopracticeplayingthepianoyesterday.昨天她剛完成家庭作業(yè)，她媽媽就讓她練習(xí)彈鋼琴。She(leave)theofficethetelephonerang.她正要離開(kāi)辦公室突然電話鈴響了。sb.bedoingsth.when…某人正在做某事，突然……sb.hadjustdonesth.when…某人剛做完某事，突然……and與or用于并列句祈使句＋and＋陳述句，and表順承Findwaystopraiseyourchildrenoften,you’llfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou.Hurryup,you’llbelate.祈使句＋or＋陳述句，or表轉(zhuǎn)折while表對(duì)比強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比關(guān)系，意為“然而；而”—Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.—Thefirsttwoarefreethethirdcosts$30.(2016·四川高考語(yǔ)法填空)Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby,____________itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)（一）1．(2015·北京高考單項(xiàng)填空)Heisashyman，____________heisnotafraidofanythingoranyone.2．(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays____________evenafewmonths.3．(廣東高考)Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,butpayafairpriceforit:neithertoomuch____________toolittle.4．(2015·四川高考短文改錯(cuò))Infact,Idon’tliketogoanymore,soI’mafraidI’lllosetheirfriendship.5．(2016·全國(guó)卷乙短文改錯(cuò))Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusedforcooking.二狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)一、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句1．though/although：在句子中一般用了“雖然(though/although)”就不能再用“但是(but)”，但可以與yet或still連用；though與although意義相同，用法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語(yǔ)化，后者正式，多放在主句的前面?！魊egularexerciseisveryimportant,it’sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime.2．evenif和eventhough的意思為“即使，縱使”，有退一步設(shè)想的意味，多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)中?！鬒amverybusy,Iwillgiveyouahandwhenyouareintrouble.3．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，從句常放在句首，語(yǔ)序部分倒裝。被倒裝的部分可以是表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形。若表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，則該名詞提前時(shí)，省去其前的冠詞?！鬑otthenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.4．nomatter(who,what,when,where,which,how…)：nomatter…與wh－ever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句意義基本一樣，nomatter…引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句前或主句后。◆busyyouare,youshouldsetasidehalfanhourtotakeexercise.5．wh－ever(whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/whichever);however。(1)wh－ever從句中的動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可以和may連用；(2)wh－ever可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；nomatter…只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。◆youlike,I‘llbuyitforyou.I‘llbuyyoulike.6．whether…or…引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“不論……還是……”，提供兩種對(duì)比情況?！鬢e’llgoonwiththework,wecanfindthenecessarytoolswecannot.不管我們能否找到所需的工具，我們都要把這件工作做下去。7．while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“盡管”，一般放在句首?！鬽ymotherlovesmeverymuch,sheisverystrictwithme.(2015·浙江高考短文改錯(cuò))IfIwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom,Iwillneverforgetit.考點(diǎn)二、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句1．when,while和as的用法連詞含義及用法例句when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，可與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞連用；從句動(dòng)作可以發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前、之后或與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生.youapplyforajob,youmustpresentyourcredentials.while“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，一般與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生Pleasedon’ttalksoloudothersareworking.as“一邊……一邊……”，“隨著……”，從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)或交替發(fā)生.hegrewolder,hebecamelessactive.Helookedbehindhewent.如果主句表示的是短暫性動(dòng)作，而從句用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作時(shí)，when,while與as可互換使用。◆When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.我正沿著大街走時(shí)，碰巧遇到了我的一個(gè)老朋友。2．before與since的用法(1)before表示“在……之前；還未……就……；還沒(méi)來(lái)得及……就……”。常用于句型“Itwillbe/was＋時(shí)間段＋before從句”(在……之前還要多久，過(guò)了多久才……)。◆Johnthinksitwon’tbelongheisreadyforhisnewjob.(2)since表示“自從……以來(lái)”，常用于“Itis/hasbeen＋時(shí)間段＋since從句”結(jié)構(gòu)。該句型表示“自從開(kāi)始(不做)……已經(jīng)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”，一般從句的時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句中的時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?！鬉sisreported,itisover100yearsTsinghuaUniversitywasfounded.3．not…until…表示“直到……才”◆AsfarasIknow,hismother(go)tobedhereturnshomeeveryevening.4assoonas/hardly…when/nosooner…than/themoment/theinstant/thesecond/immediately/directly/instantlyhardly…when和nosooner…than的意義相當(dāng)于assoonas，但只表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，主句為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句為過(guò)去時(shí)，hardly或nosooner位于句首時(shí)語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，而且主句的謂語(yǔ)要用部分倒裝。◆Justusethisroomforthetimebeing,andwe’llofferyoualargeroneitbecomesavailable.Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.--Wehadnosoonerarrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.--5．everytime/eachtime/lasttime/nexttime/bythetime：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，不能用一般將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，而要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)?！鬘exttimehe(come)here,Iwilltellhim.(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ改錯(cuò))Heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayduringtheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.考點(diǎn)三、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句1．地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句表示地點(diǎn)、方位，通常由where，wherever引導(dǎo)，可置于句首、句中或句尾。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)常兼有抽象條件意味?！鬒cannotheartheprofessorclearlyasthereistoomuchnoiseIamsitting.◆there’sawill,there’saway.(重慶高考單項(xiàng)填空)Halfanhourlater,Lucystillcouldn’tgetataxi____________thebushaddroppedher.where引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句直接修飾主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而在定語(yǔ)從句中where作為關(guān)系副詞要跟在表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞后面，即此時(shí)有明顯的地點(diǎn)名詞?！鬢hensolvingtheproblemasecondtime,you’dbetterbemorecarefulyoumadeamistake.＝Whensolvingtheproblemasecondtime,you’dbetterbemorecarefulintheplaceyoumadeamistake.2．條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：if/unless/aslongas/solongas/incase/sofaras/asfaras。(1)unless從句的謂語(yǔ)只能用肯定式；unless和if…not同義，unless是書(shū)面語(yǔ)，if…not是口語(yǔ)，二者通常可以換用。◆WewillhaveapicnicintheparkthisSundayitrainsorit’sverycold.◆Myparentsdon’tmindwhatjobIdoIamhappy.(2)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)含義；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表即將完成之后的情況；一般過(guò)去時(shí)表過(guò)去將來(lái)的含義?！鬒feveryone(do)hispart,theprojectwillsurelybeasuccess.考點(diǎn)四、其他狀語(yǔ)從句1．目的狀語(yǔ)從句(1)sothat/inorderthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，could等。inorderthat引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前或之后，sothat引導(dǎo)的從句只能位于主句之后?！鬞hepoliceofficersinourcityworkhardwecanliveasafelife.目的狀語(yǔ)從句可以用soasto,inorderto等代替，但主句和從句的主語(yǔ)必須一致。◆Hegotupearlyhecouldcatchtheearlybus.＝Hegotupearlycatchtheearlybus.(2)forfearthat(唯恐，以防)與incase所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也用should/might/could＋動(dòng)詞原形?！鬞heboyhidhimselfbehindthetreehisfathermightseehim.◆Takeyourumbrellaitshouldrain.2．結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句(1)sothat前有逗號(hào)，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句?！鬑ecaresaboutnotingbuthimself,nobodylikeshim.(2)so…that中so后面跟形容詞或副詞。◆Hewasexcitedhecouldn’tsayaword.(3)such…that中such后面跟名詞，如果名詞是單數(shù)就要用sucha/an…that，還可以轉(zhuǎn)換用so…that，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。◆Jackishonestaworkerweallbelievehim.＝Jackisanhonestworkerweallbelievehim.3．原因狀語(yǔ)從句(1)because用來(lái)回答why的提問(wèn)，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，一般放在主句之后?！鬞heoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchairhewantedtositnexttohiswife.(2)since表示既然或已知的理由，稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首?！鬳veryoneishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.(3)as引導(dǎo)的從句常放在句首，說(shuō)明次要的原因，主句說(shuō)明結(jié)果，常用于口語(yǔ)中(注意比較：for連接的是并列句)?！鬶edidn’tknowmuchEnglish,helookedupthewordinthedictionary.4．方式狀語(yǔ)從句(1)as引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“按照”?！鬌oyouaretoldto.(2)asif或asthough的意義和用法基本一樣；從句中可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣表示可能符合事實(shí)，也可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示與事實(shí)相反。◆Jackwasn’tsayinganythingbuttheteachersmiledathimhehaddonesomethingveryclever.5．比較狀語(yǔ)從句(1)as…as;notso/as…as;thesame…as表示同程度級(jí)的比較，肯定句用as…as，否定句可用notas…as或notso…as。◆他不如杰克跑得快。(2)than表示不同程度的比較，主句中用形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)?！鬞heplanehasbeenkeptinservicefarlongeroriginallyintended.(浙江高考改錯(cuò))Cathyhadquitherjobwhenhersonwasbornsuchthatshecouldstayhomeandraiseherfamily.單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)（二）1．(2016·天津高考單項(xiàng)填空)____________theaverageageofthepopulationincreases,therearemoreandmoreoldpeopletocarefor.2．(2015·重慶高考單項(xiàng)填空)Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyears____________yougetanotherone.3．(2017·安徽合肥一模)Thoughithasbeenoneyear____________hecametothecity,heknowseverystreetherelikethebackofhishand.4．(2016·全國(guó)卷甲語(yǔ)法填空)So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive____________possiblebeforelunch.5．(2017·四川雅安中學(xué)模擬)Youcansmokehere____________youleaveawindowopentoletthesmokeout.6．(2017·浙江桐鄉(xiāng)四校聯(lián)考)Duringthereconstructionofthecity,manymoderntallbuildingswentup____________oldshabbyhousesweretorndown.7．(2017·蘭州模擬改錯(cuò))IhavebeenlearningpaintingafterIwasasmallboy.8．(2017·四川綿陽(yáng)診斷改錯(cuò))Now,thisunforgettablelessonstillencouragesmetobeanactivelearnerwhereIgo.單句語(yǔ)法填空（三）1．(2017·遼寧省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬)Thepoordoglayattheendofthedrivewayandhardlymoved.Iwasverysad,____________darednotsayanythingtomymother.2．(2017·山東濰坊期末)Neverloseheart____________you’llmakeaquickadvanceinyourproject.3．(2017·四川成都一診)InatalkatTsinghuaUniversityinBeijing,ZuckerbergspokeChineseforabout30minutes.____________hisChinesewasfarfromperfect,thestudentscheeredhiseffort.4．(2017·浙江杭州一模)TenyearslaterIstillkeepintouchwithmyclassmates,____________I’venevermetthemaftergraduation.5．(2017·浙江舟山中學(xué)月考)Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears____________itispossibletotestthismedicineonpatients.6．Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings____________youcanfindthemagain.7．(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,____________someofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed.8．(遼寧高考)____________youdon’tmind,I’llstopandtakeadeepbreath.9．(江西高考)Shesaysthatshe’llhavetoclosetheshop____________businessimproves.10．(四川高考)Ifyouhappentogetlostinthewild,you’dbetterstay____________youareandwaitforhelp.單句改錯(cuò)1．(浙江高考)Apassengerrealizedhecouldn’tfindhisticketbutbecamequiteupset.2．(陜西高考)Werantoescapebutfortunatelynoonewasinjured.3．(2017·石家莊一模)Finallykeepinmindthattherearemanythingsthatcan’tbelearntimmediately,butneverbefrustratedwhenyoufailinoneortwoexams.4．(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò))Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.5．(遼寧高考)Withlittlesleepandhardlyanybreak,soheworksfrommorningtillnight.6．(2015·北京高考單項(xiàng)填空)Oncethedamageisdone,anditwilltakemanyyearsforthefarmlandtorecover.7．EverytimeIsawthestrawhat,anditremindedmeofthetourImadeyearsbefore.8．(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblems.9．(2017·云南第二次統(tǒng)一檢測(cè))Theringtoneofsomepeoplesoundsverynoisybutunpleasant,especiallyinthecinema10．(2017·銀川4月檢測(cè))Inspiteofthesedifficulties,butIbelievepracticemakesperfect.單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)（一）1but解析：句意：他是一個(gè)害羞的人，但是他不害怕任何事情或者任何人。兩個(gè)分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but。2or解析：因?yàn)楸揪涫欠穸ň?。這里是兩個(gè)時(shí)間短語(yǔ)表示選擇關(guān)系，故用or。3nor解析：neither…nor…為固定搭配，意為“既不……也不……”。4so→but解析：上一分句意為：我不想再去；下一分句意為：我怕失去他們的友誼；兩個(gè)分句之間有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故把so改成but。5or→and解析：句意：每一天他都確保做飯用的是新鮮蔬菜和高質(zhì)量的油。根據(jù)句意可知freshvegetables和highqualityoil之間是并列關(guān)系，故用and。單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)（二）1As/When解析：句意：隨著人口平均年齡的增長(zhǎng)，有越來(lái)越多的老年人需要照顧。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用表“隨著”的連詞As。也可用When引導(dǎo)，表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。2before解析：句意：如果你錯(cuò)過(guò)這次機(jī)會(huì)，也許要過(guò)數(shù)年才能獲得另外一次(機(jī)會(huì))。itmaybe＋時(shí)間段＋before…為固定句式，表示“也許過(guò)……時(shí)間，才……”。3since解析：句意：盡管他來(lái)這座城市僅僅一年，但是他對(duì)這兒的每條街道了如指掌。本題考查固定句型“ithasbeen＋時(shí)間段＋since…”，表示“自從……已經(jīng)多久了”。4as解析：句意：因此，早點(diǎn)兒開(kāi)始并且在午飯前要盡可能高效。固定結(jié)構(gòu)as…aspossible意為“盡可能……”，第二個(gè)as為連詞。5if解析：句意：如果你留一扇窗戶使煙散出去，你就可以在這里吸煙。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“如果”，故填if。6where解析：句意：在這個(gè)城市重建期間，許多現(xiàn)代的高樓在舊房子被拆毀的地方興建起來(lái)。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填where。7after→since解析：句意：我從小就一直學(xué)習(xí)繪畫(huà)。故將after改為since。8where→wherever解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可