英美文學(xué)名詞解釋

-.z.Epic:Alongnarrativepoemtellingaboutthedeedsofagreatheroandreflectingthevaluesofthesocietyfromwhichitoriginated.Thestyleofepicisgrand宏偉的andelevated高尚的.JohnMiltonwrotethreegreatepics:ParadiseLost,ParadiseRegainedandSamsonAgonistes.Sonnet(十四行詩Asonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymeschemeRenaissancetheactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevival復(fù)活ofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyande*tendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransition過渡fromthemedievaltothemodernworld.theessenceoftheRenaissanceisHumanismTheRenaissancePeriodAperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.Humanism人文主義HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.2>itemphasizesthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife.Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecenteroftheuniverseandmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthepresentlife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.lakepoets湖畔詩人refertoThethreeromanticpoetsWordsworth,ColeridgeandSoutheywholivedintheLakeDistrictintheEnglandandwrotepoemsaboutnature.EnglishRomanticism(浪漫主義):amovementinliterature,philosophy,musicandartfromlate18thcenturytoearly19thcenturyinEurope.emphasizedindividualvalues(個人價值）andaspirations（志向，抱負）abovethoseofsociety.4)thecharacteristicsofRomanticism（浪漫主義文學(xué)特色）:Passion/emotion,Individualism5)Representativewriters(代表作家）:Blake,shelley,Byron,WordsworthCriticalRealism(批判現(xiàn)實主義)TheCriticalRealismofthe19thcenturyflourishedinthefortiesandinthebeginningoffifties.Therealistsfirstandforemost最初的setthemselvesthetaskofcriticizingcapitalistsocietyfromademocraticviewpointanddelineated描繪thecryingcontradictions矛盾ofbourgeois資產(chǎn)階級的reality.Buttheydidnotfindawaytoeradicatesocialevils.3)CharlsDickensisthemostimportantcriticalrealist.Gothicnovel(哥特式小說):Gothicnovelisatypeofromanceverypopularlateinthe18thcenturyandatthebeginningofthe19thcentury.emphasizesthingswhicharegrotesque,violent,mysterious,supernatural,desolateandhorrifying.Withitsdescription描述ofthedark,irrational荒繆的sideofhumannature.AmericanRomanticism:1.fromtheendofthe18thcenturytotheoutbreakofthecivilwar.Itstartedwiththepublication出版ofWashingtonIrving’sTheSketchBookandendedwithWhitman’sLeavesofGrass.Itwasarebellion反抗againsttheobjectivityofrationalism.Forromantics,thefeelings,intuitions直覺andemotionsweremoreimportantthanreasonandmonsense;emphasisonimagination,individualism.backtomedievalandnaturalTheLostGeneration(迷惘的一代）：IsatermusedtocharacterizeageneralfeelingofdisillusionmentofAmericanliterarynotables名人wholiveinEurope,mostnotably著名的ParisafterFirstWorldWar.FiguresidentifiedwiththeLostGenerationincludedliterarymodernistssuchasHemingway,F.Scott,PoundAmericaRealismAsaliterarymomentrealismcameinthelatterhalfofthe19century,asareactionagainst"thelie”ofRomanticismandsentimentalism.Ite*pressedtheconcernfortheworldofe*perience,ofthemonplace,andforthefamiliarandthelowPuritanisminthe16thand17thcent.,amovementforreformintheChurchofEnglandthathadaprofound深遠的influenceonthesocial,political,ethical道德的,andtheological神學(xué)的ideasofEnglandandAmericaNeo-classicism:Arevivalofclassicalstandardsoforder,harmony,balance,simplicity簡單andrestrainedemotion克制情感inliteratureinthe18thcentury.Symbolism象征主義:Symbolismisthewritingtechniqueofusingsymbols.It’saliterarymovementthataroseinFranceinthelasthalfofthe19thcenturyandthatgreatlyinfluencedmanyEnglishwriters,particularlypoets,ofthe20thcentury.Itenablespoetstopressaveryple*ideaintooneimageorevenoneword.It’soneofthemostpowerfuldevicesthatpoetsemployincreation.使用象征來寫作的一種技巧。象征主義在19世紀(jì)后半頁在法國興起，對英國作家產(chǎn)生了很大的影響，尤其是在20世紀(jì)詩歌方面。它讓詩人把非常復(fù)雜的思想濃縮成一個意象甚至一個詞。它是詩人在創(chuàng)作中使用的最有力的手段。Enlightenment啟蒙運動--anintellectualmovementinEuropeinthe18thcentury;--guidingprincipleforthinkingandaction;--thebeliefineternaltruth,eternaljustice,naturalequality--acontinuation延續(xù)ofRenaissance;Transcendentalism：Itwasagroupofnewideasinliterature,religion,culture,andphilosophythatemergedinNewEnglandintheearlytomiddle19thcentury2.Therearethreemajorfeatures:1)emphasisonspirit,ortheOversoul,asthemostimportantthingintheuniverse.2)stressedtheimportanceoftheindividual.3)ThetranscendentalistsofferedafreshperceptionofnatureassymbolicoftheSpiritorGod.自然是超靈或上帝的象征FamousauthorssuchasEmerson,Thoreau(Walden)NaturalismApost-darwinmovementofthelate19thcenturythattriedtoapplythe"laws”ofscientificdeterminism決定論tofiction.twofeatures:localcolorandRegionalism鄉(xiāng)土文學(xué).FamousauthorssuchasDreiserSisterCarrie，CraneMaggie:agirlofthestreet,LondonThecallofwild介紹作家WilliamShakespearewasanEnglishpoetofEnglishRenaissance(theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevival復(fù)活ofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyande*tendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransition過渡fromthemedievaltothemodernworld.)widelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworld'spre-eminent卓越的dramatist.Heproduced38plays,154sonn