英語實用文體

EnglishWriting

Lecture15PracticalWriting第一頁，共四十九頁。Notices(通知)Greetings,GoodWishes,Congratulations,andCondolences（問候、祝福、祝賀與悼念）Notes（便箋）Letters（書信）LearningObjectives第二頁，共四十九頁。

Noticesaremostlywrittentomakeknownsomethingabouttohappenorsometimes,somethingthathashappened.Itmaybeanannouncementofameeting,aparty,afilmorvideoshow,acontest,amatch,etc.Suchanoticeincludesatleastthreeparts:

1.Date---dayoftheweek---time2.Place3.ActivityForlecturesortalks,thenoticesshouldalsoinclude:

4.Backgroundinformationaboutthespeakers:1.Notices（通知）第三頁，共四十九頁。ClassMeetingWednesdayOct.57p.m.Rm405Movie---HamletIntheAuditoriumSat.Apr.54:00-6:00AdmissionFreeModels12第四頁，共四十九頁。BasketballMatchonPlayingCourt#1EnglishDept.vsFrenchDept.Mon.June65:00PMWomen’sLibMovementonU.S.CampusSpeaker:Prof.BettyPowellProfessorofSociology,SmithCollegeAuthorofTheOtherHalfoftheSkyDate:Friday,8MayTime:10a.m.Place:Rm.101AllWelcome!

34第五頁，共四十九頁。NoticeThegentlemen/ladywhoboughttwoivoryfigurines(雕刻)andalacquer(漆器)ware(陶瓷)coffeesetfromtheChineseArtsandCraftsStoreonthemorningofMay2ndhasbeenoverchargedthroughanaccountingerror.Willhe/shepleasecontacttheManger’sOfficetoberefunded.Manager’sOffice5第六頁，共四十九頁。FOUNDAbrownleatherwallet,inthedininghallonthemorningofSept.29th.OwnerpleaseclaimattheLostandFoundOffice/LostPropertyOffice,Rm.320onthe3rdflooroftheOfficeBuilding.LostandFoundOffice/LostPropertyOffice6第七頁，共四十九頁。

Thesearewordsconveyingdifferentmessagesfordifferentoccasionsusuallywrittenoncardswhichinclude:Nameofthepersontowhomthemessageissent:ToMr.&Mrs.Smith/Dr.Brown/Prof.Stone/Dick/Antette:ThemessageNameofthesender:FromLiLihua2.Greetings,GoodWishes,Congratulations,andCondolences第八頁，共四十九頁。ToDr.Brown,AMerryChristmasandAHappyNewYear!fromLiLihua第九頁，共四十九頁。Greetings(1).ForChristmasandtheNewYear:AMerryChristmasandAHappyNewYear!SendingyouwishesforabeautifulChristmasandaNewYearfilledwithhappiness!BestwishesforaHappyandProsperousNewYear!Warmregardsandseason’sgreetings.WarmestthoughtsandthebestwishesforawonderfulholidayandaveryHappyNewYear.RememberingyouwithawarmwishforaMerryChristmasandaHappyNewYear.第十頁，共四十九頁。(2)Forabirthday:HappyBirthday!ManyHappyReturnsoftheDay!(3)ForaWeddinganniversary:ManyHappyReturnsofYourWeddingAnniversary!2.GoodWishesTosomeoneinhospital:1)Bestwishesforaspeedyrecovery.2)GetWellSoon!3)WarmestGet-WellWishes.(2)Foranexamination:Goodlucktoyourexamination!(3)Foraninterviewforajob:GoodLucktoyourinterview!

第十一頁，共四十九頁。3.Congratulations(1)Onsuccessindoingsomething:Heartycongratulationsonyoursuccess!(2)Onamarriage:Heartycongratulationsonyourmarriageandbestwishestoyouboth!Bestwishesforalongandhappymarriedlifetoyouboth.4.CondolencesHeartfelt/Sincerecondolencesinyourgreatloss.WewereshockedanddeeplysorrytolearnthepassingawayofMr.A.Pleaseacceptourverysincerecondolencesinyourgreatloss.第十二頁，共四十九頁。NotesAppointments

July15Larry,Ihavetomeetmywifeattheairportat3p.m.today.Shallwediscussthematterat10tomorrowmorning?Ifnot,pleaseringmetomakeanothertime---manythanks.Liu第十三頁，共四十九頁。

Tues.May9Prof.Lowell,I’dliketodiscusswithyoutheoutlineofmyBAthesis.CouldyoupleaseappointatimeandleaveamessageformewithMs.Lininthedepartmentoffice?Thankyou.WangHong第十四頁，共四十九頁。Notesareshortletterswrittenforvariouspurposes.Comparedwithaletter,anoteissimplerinformandofteninformalorcolloquialinlanguage.Inanote,thefollowingmaybeomitted:theaddressesoftheaddresseeandtheaddresserTheword“Dear”inthesalutationThecomplimentarycloseTheyearinthedate3.Notes第十五頁，共四十九頁。Appointments

Tues.May9Pro.Lowell,I’dliketodiscusswithyoutheoutlineofmyBAthesis.CouldyoupleaseappointatimeandleaveamessageformewithMs.Linat/inthedepartmentoffice?Thankyou.WangHong第十六頁，共四十九頁。

Mar.8Mr.Magee,Wouldyoupleasearrangefor(our)Mr.TanYiguotobemetatthe…airport.Hearrivesat18:40onFlightBE421fromLondon.Manythanks,SuHeping第十七頁，共四十九頁。2.Apologies

Tues.Oct.20DearProf.Richards,I’msorrythatIcouldn’tmakeour4o’clockappointment.MymeetingProf.Sterne’slecturelastedalotlongerthanIexpected,Icouldmeetyouinthedepartmentofficetomorrowat3,ifthatisconvenientforyou.Ifnot,pleaseleaveanoteinmymailbox.ThankyouZhangHongyi

第十八頁，共四十九頁。

Sat.Oct.31DearMr.Clark,Iwouldliketoexpressmyapologiesfornotbeingabletokeepour9o’clockappointment.Ihadasmallaccidentonmywaytoschool.Iwillcomeovertoyourapartmentthedayaftertomorrow---Monday,November2,at9a.m.ifthatisconvenientforyou.WithmanyapologiesLiXiaomei第十九頁，共四十九頁。3.InformalInvitations

July1George,WouldyouliketocomeswimmingwithmenextMondayafternoon?Wecouldmeetattheschoolgateatabout1:30p.m.andthengotogether.Jianhua第二十頁，共四十九頁。DearMs.Gates,Wearehavingapartyinourclassroom,#402,tocelebrate…WoulditbepossibleforyoutojoinusonFriday,December29,at8p.m.?Wewouldbeveryhappyifyoucouldbewithus.StudentsofClass5第二十一頁，共四十九頁。Mr.&Mrs.Johnson,Weshouldbeverygladifyoucouldcometodinnerwithusatourapartmentatabout7p.m.onWednesday,Sept.21st.Welookforwardtoseeingyou.Liling&Dahua第二十二頁，共四十九頁。Huiling,Thankyouverymuchfortheinvitation.Iwouldbedelightedtocome.CathyThanks第二十三頁，共四十九頁。DearHongfei&Weihzhou,ManythanksforyourkindinvitationtodinneronSeptember23rd.DavidandIacceptwithpleasure.Teresa第二十四頁，共四十九頁。ExpressionsofthanksThankyouverymuchforthelovelydinneryesterday.Weenjoyedtheeveningalot.Iamwritingtothankyouforthewonderfultimewehadatyourpartylastnight.第二十五頁，共四十九頁。DearMr.Singh,IamwritingtotellyouhowgratefulIamforyourwarmhospitalityduringmystayinNewDelhi.Ienjoyeditgreatly.ZhangMin第二十六頁，共四十九頁。一般格式

英文書信的構(gòu)成可分為8個部分：

信頭(Heading)

日期(Date)

收信人姓名及地址(InsideNameandAddress)

稱呼(Salutation)

信文(Bodyoftheletter)

結(jié)束語(Complimentaryclose)

署名(Signature)

附言(P.S.)Letters第二十七頁，共四十九頁。(1)信頭(Heading)

信頭是指發(fā)信人的單位名稱或地址。一般情況下發(fā)信人只需把自己的地址寫(打字，手寫均可)在信的右上角，離開信紙的頂頭約1英寸，占二三行或四行均可，格式如下：

①齊頭式②縮進式注意：寫地址的次序與中文不同，應(yīng)先寫門牌號碼街道，然后城市和國名。寫地址時采用齊頭或縮進式，以及每行后要不要加標(biāo)點符號，都沒有固定的規(guī)定。如寫給經(jīng)常往來的親友，這項地址也可以省略。第二十八頁，共四十九頁。(2)日期(Date)

寫日期注意下列各點：

①年份應(yīng)寫全，例如不能用“99”來代替“1999”；

②月份應(yīng)寫英文名稱，除May,July外，可用縮寫，如：Sep.,Oct.。但不要用數(shù)字來代替，如7／4／99或7，4，99，因為在英國此日期代表7thApril，1999，而美國則代表4thJuly，1999。

③日期可用1，2，3，4…11，12…21，22…31等，也可用lst，2nd，3rd，4th…11th，21th…22nd…31st等。

日期的幾種寫法：

a．July7，1998

b．1stOctober,1998

c．30Nov.,1997

d．Sep.3rd,1999

④特別注意英文書信日期應(yīng)緊接著寫信人地址下一行，不能像寫中文書信那樣寫在書信簽名之后，這是很多學(xué)生的常見錯誤。第二十九頁，共四十九頁。(3)收信人姓名及地址(InsideNameandAddress)

寫信人的地址和日期寫好以后，接著就要寫收信人的姓名和地址，一般的事務(wù)信件或給較生疏的朋友的信件要寫，而在給極熟的朋友的信中則可省去。這一項寫在日期下一行的左上角。收信人姓名寫一行，收信人地址可分兩行或三行寫，和寫信人的地址一樣，上下可取齊，也可以向右縮進。在姓名前一般要加上稱號，稱號因人而異。

①對普通男子用Mr；

②對未婚女子用Miss；

③對已婚女子用Mrs，對婚姻狀況不明確的通常用Ms(后跟本人姓)；

④對男子用Master；

⑤對教授或博士(醫(yī)生)用Prof．或Dr第三十頁，共四十九頁。(4)稱呼(Salutation)

稱呼指的是信文開頭的那種稱呼，如Dear,Mr.,Uncle，各種稱呼因人而異。在稱呼后面一般是用逗號，但也有用冒號的?，F(xiàn)歸納如下：

①對父母、兄弟、姐妹等；

a．Father,

b．MydearMother,

c.DearSister,

d.

DearTom,

②對親戚：

a．MydearAuntie,

b．DearCousin,

c．MydearCousin,

③對朋友、同學(xué)

a．Mydearfriend,

b．DearMr.Jackson,

c．MydearMr.Jackson,

d．DearSir,

第三十一頁，共四十九頁。④對未婚女子：

a．DearMissLuce,

b．MydearMissLuce,

⑤對一般女子，不論是否結(jié)婚：

a．Madame,

b．DearMadame,

⑥對已婚女子：

a．DearMrs.HelenJackson,

b．MydearMrs.HelenJackson,

⑦對公司、工廠、學(xué)校等：

a．DearSirs,

b．Sirs,

c．Gentlemen,

第三十二頁，共四十九頁。(5)信文(Bodyoftheletter)

信文是信件的主體部分，也就是信的內(nèi)容。正文應(yīng)在稱呼下兩行開始。信的開頭第一個字母通常和稱呼開頭第一個詞平齊。也有往后退四個或八個字母的。下面介紹一些開頭語和結(jié)尾語。

第三十三頁，共四十九頁。開頭語

①相當(dāng)于中文的“敬君者”。

a．Ibegtoinformyouthat…

b．Ibegtotakethisopportunitytoinformyouthat…

c．Ihavethehonortoaddressyouthat…

d．Iwrite

in

a

hurry

to

inform

you

that…

e．Ihavethepleasuretotellyouthat…

f.I'mverymuchdelightedtoinformyouthat…第三十四頁，共四十九頁。②相當(dāng)于中文的“接讀某月某日來信，一切知悉”。

a．IthankyouverymuchforyourletterofMay20th…

b．YourletterofMay20thhasbeenreceivedwiththanks.

c．ItgivesmegreatpleasuretoreceiveyourkindofMay20th.

d．InanswertoyourkindletterofMay20th,Ideeplyregretthat…

e．IhavereceivedyourkindletterofMay20th.

f．Wordscan'texpressmydelightonfindingyourfavorofyesterdayonmydeskthismorning.

g．YourletterdatedMay20thhasbeenreceived.第三十五頁，共四十九頁。結(jié)尾語

采用三種方法：

①采用分詞短語：句末用逗號，不用句號。例如：

a．Waitingforyourgoodnews,

b．Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply,

c．Hopingtohearfromyousoon,

d．Hopingyouareenjoyinggoodhealth,

e．RegrettingthatIcan'tgiveyouamorefavoritereply,

f．RegrettingthetroubleI'mcausingyou,

g．Wishingyoueverysuccess,

h．Wishingyouapleasantjourney,

i．WishingyouahappyNewYear,第三十六頁，共四十九頁。②采用介詞短語，例如：

a．Withbestregards,

b．Withkindregardstoyourfamily,

c．Withbestwishestoyouandyours,

d．Withbestwishesforyoursuccessandhappiness,

e．Withbestwishesforyoursuccessinyournewfieldofwork,

f．Withbestregardsandwishingyouallsuccess,

g．Withwarmest

regards,

h．Withbestregardstoyouandyourfamily,

i．Withtheseason'sgreetings,

第三十七頁，共四十九頁。③采用完整句子：

a．Wearewaitingforyourgoodnews.

b．Ihopetoreceiveyourearlyreply.

c．Welookforwardtoyourreplyatyourearliestconvenience.

d．Ithank

youverymuch

for

your

services,andwishyourcontinuedsuccess.

第三十八頁，共四十九頁。(6)結(jié)束語(ComplimentaryClose)

結(jié)束語的一般寫法如下：

①業(yè)務(wù)書信常用：

Yoursfaithfully,

Faithfullyyours,

Yourstruly,

Trulyyours,

Sincerelyyours,第三十九頁，共四十九頁。②公函常用：

Yoursrespectfully,

Respectfullyyours,

Yourssincerely,第四十頁，共四十九頁。③私人書信常用：

Sincerelyyours,

Yoursverysincerely,

Yoursaffectionately,

Yoursever,

④給親戚朋友的信常用：

Love,

Allmylove,

Your(ever)lovingson/daughter/cousin,etc.

Youraffectionatenephew,lovingly,

Lovinglyyours,第四十一頁，共四十九頁。(7)署名(Signature)

下面是署名的例子：

①個人署名：

truly,

W.J.Watson

Yoursfaithfully,

②公司署名：

LegendComputerCompany

WangLin

SalesManager

第四十二頁，共四十九頁。ModelsBusinessLettersInvitationSep.5.2013DearProf.Harvey,Weshouldbeverygratefulifyoucouldgiveatalkon“…”tostudentsoftheEnglishDepartmentonSaturday,Sep,19.Ifthissubjectdoesnotsuityou,anyothersimilartopicwouldalsobewelcome.Wehavealreadyhadseveralveryinterestingtalksfromdistinguishedvisitorsfromvariouscountriesthissemesterandlookforwardeagerlytotheopportunitytobenefitfromyourexperienceandwisdom.Sincerelyyours.LiGang,President,StudentUnionBeijingForeignStudiesUnion第四十三頁，共四十九頁。

338E.44thSt.Apt.11ANewYork,NY10017U.S.A.May16,2012ProfessorWangYimingDepartmentofEnglishBeijingForeignStudiesUniversityBeijing,10081People’sRepublicofChinaDearProfessorWang,I’minterestedinteachingEnglishinChina.Iamqualifiedtoteachreading,writingandliterature.Anacquaintanceofmine,Mr.LiuYongliofyouruniversitysuggestedthatIshouldwritetoyou.Presently,IworkasateachingassistantinXCollegeinLosAngeles,California,U.S.A.Mybackgroundisstrongintheliberalarts,especiallyintheEnglishlanguage.IhaveaPh.D.degreeinlinguisticsfromUniversityofMichigan.Enclosedyouwillfindacopyofmyresume.Basically,I’minterestedinapositionasaforeignlanguageexpertorasateacher.Ifyouhaveanypositionavailable,pleaseallowmetointerviewwithyou.Thankyouforyourtimeandconsideration.Respectfullyyours,ChristineSteinApplicationandReply第四十四頁，共四十九頁。

DateChairmanDepartmentofSociologyUniversityofMassachusettsatAmherstAmherst,MA01003U.S.ADearSir;Iamwritingtoyouinthehopeofobtainingaone-yeargranttodosomeresearchworkinyourdepartment.IamanassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofHistoryintheCentralInstituteforNationalities.Inadditiontoresearchwork,Ialsooffercoursesinethnologyandsociology.RecentlyIhavejustfinishedabookonthehistoryoftheJewsinChina,whichistobepublishedbytheNewWorldPressinthecomingyear.Enclosedpleasefindthreelettersofrecommendationandmyresume.Thankyouforyourtimeandconsideration.Ilookforwardtoyourreply.Sincerelyyours,LuoJia第四十五頁，共四十九頁。DearSir,

I'magraduatestudentinthePhysicsDepartmentofTsinghuaUniversity.

RecentlyIreadthatyouarehiringanassistanttodoresearchon

solarphysics.Asyoucanseefrommyresume(簡歷).Ihavehadexperienceinthisfield.I'mveryinterestedinyourprojectandhopetoworkwithyou.Mytelephonenumberis83745102.

Thankyouforyourconsideration.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.

Sincerely,

WangLing

第四十六頁，共四十九頁。

April13,2000

P.O.Box36

TsinghuaUniversity

Beijing,China100084

DearSir/Madam:

YouradvertisementforaNetworkMaintenanceEngineerintheApril10StudentDailyinterestedmebecausethepositionthatyoudescribedsoundsexactlylikethekindofjobIamseeking.

Accordingtotheadvertisement,yourpositionrequirestopuniversity,BachelororaboveinComputerScienceorequivalentfieldandproficientinWindowsNT4.0andLINUXSystem.IfeelthatIamcompetenttomeettherequirements.IwillbegraduatingfromGraduateSchoolofTsinghuaUniversitythisyearwithaM.S.degree