專題13多樣性文化-備戰(zhàn)2022高考英語單元話題語法填空閱讀理解讀后續(xù)寫專項(xiàng)突破（人教版2019）

專題13多樣性文化Part1語法填空（一）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Singapore’straditionofeatingoutinplacescalledhawker(小商販)centersisnow1．(recognize)bytheUnitedNationsforitscultural2．(important).Ahawkerisaperson3．sellsfoodorgoodsandadvertisesbyshoutingatpeoplewalkingbyonthestreet.HawkersareanimportantpartofSingaporeanculture.Open-aireatingareaswherehawkerssell4．(they)goodsareverypopular.OnWednesday,theUnitedNations’culturalagency,UNESCO,addedthecity’s“hawkerculture,”toitsRepresentativeListoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanity.Singapore5．(seek)tohavehawkercultureaddedtothelistabouttwoyearsago.Nowthatithasbeenrecognized,Singaporemustprovide6．reporteverysixyearstoUNESCO.Thereportmustshoweffortsthecity-statehasmade7．(save)andsupportitshawkerculture.“Thesecentersserve8．‘communitydiningrooms’wherepeoplefromdiversebackgroundsgatherandsharetheexperienceofdiningoverbreakfast,lunchanddinner,”UNESCOsaid.However,Singapore’shawkerculturedoesfacedifficulties.TheaverageageofahawkerinSingaporeis60yearsold.YoungerSingaporeansnowwanttoworkinoffices.Theyareless9．(interest)inworkinginsmallrestaurants.TheCOVID-19healthcrisisalsohurtsales,preventingforeignvisitorsfrom10．(eat)out.Duringthefirstfewmonthsof2020,restrictionsonmovementandsocialdistancingalsostoppedlocals.（二）閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式,并將答案填寫在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。Six“sacrificialpits”(祭祀坑),11．(date)backto3,200to4,000years,werediscoveredintheSanxingduiRuinssiteinGuanghan,Sichuanprovince,onMarch17,2021.Thebiggestpitamongthesix12．(be)19squaremeters,andthesmallestis3.5squaremeters.Someunearthedartifactsreflectpreviousfindingsin1986likebronzemasksandjades,butshapesofsomelarge-sizebronzeobjectshaveneverbeenseen.TheSanxingduiRuinssite,13．(consider)asoneofthemostimportantarchaeologicalsitesalongtheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiver,coversanareaof12squarekilometers14．itscorezoneofanancientcitycovering3.6squarekilometers.Itwasfirstfoundin1929.However,large-scaleexcavation(挖掘)onthesiteonlybeganin1986,whentwopits,widelybelievedforsacrificialceremonies,15．(discover)accidentally.Thenewdiscoverieswillhelptobetterunderstandmanyunexplainedfindingsin1986,16．thesimilarshapesandfindingsintheeightpits17．(basic)makesuretheirfunctionshouldbesacrificialpits.AccordingtotheNationalCulturalHeritageAdministration,studiesoftheSanxingduiRuinssitewillbecomean18．(importance)projectinaprogramArchaeologyChina,19．triestoexplaintheoriginsofChinesecivilizationandhowdiverse20．(culture)communicateandcometogether.（三）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Sincetheverybeginningofhumanrace,diversecivilizations21．(feature)differentlayersanddistinctivenesshavebeenformedonthe22．(base)ofvillages,regions,clans,religiouscommunities,andsoforth.Ontheonehand,eachcultureis23．systemthatfitsintoitsenvironment,acrystalofpeople’sexperiencesinlifeforthousandsofyears,andahumanheritageof24．(history)andartisticvalues.Therefore,ithasalwaysmaintaineditsuniqueformofcivilization.Ontheotherhand,variousformsofcommunicationsandexchanges25．(perform)betweendifferentcivilizationsthroughdailyassociationandeconomicactivities26．someties.Andwiththe27．(form)ofaworldcapitalistmarket,thelocalandnationalself-sufficiencyanddoor-closedpolicyhavebeenreplacedwiththeintercoursesandmutualdependenceinallaspectsbetweeneachnation.Thespiritualproductsofeachnationhavesomecommonwealth,whichmakesnationalunilateralismandlimitedness28．(increase)impossible.Asthedevelopmentofworldhistoryshows,itistheoppositionand29．(unite)aswellasintegrationandexchangesbetweendifferentcivilizations30．haveenabledthedevelopmentofcivilizationsandtheprogressofsociety.Part2閱讀理解（一）Severalyearsago,JeremyClarkson,presenterofthefamousBBCtelevisionprogramme“TopGear”discoveredthatoneofhisguestswashalfGermanandhalfIrish.Immediately,hesaid:“That'squiteastrangecombination.It'slike,thismustbedoneabsolutelyperfectly...tomorrow”.Thisjokeplayedonstereotypes(刻板印象)oftheGermansasefficientandtheIrishaslazy.Manypeoplecouldunderstandablybeoffendedbythesekindsofassertions(斷言).WedonotknoweveryIrishperson,sohowcanwethenconcludethateveryIrishpersonislazy?IrecentlyreadonawebsitethatIrishbusinesspeopleweredescribedasbeing'generallyrathercasual'andmoreoutwardlyfriendlythanmanyEuropeancounties'.Germanbusinesspeople,ontheotherhand,areconsideredtobeverydirectandaccordingtothewebsite,theydonotneedapersonalrelationshipinordertodobusiness.Onceyouhearadvicelikethis,itbecomeseasiertounderstandwherejokesliketheoneinthefirstparagraphcomefrom.SowhydosomepeopledisapproveofthekindofstereotypesasseeninClarkson'sjoke,butnotbaringaneyelid(眨眼)whenitcomestogeneralizations.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthetwo?Bydefinition,astereotypeisawidelyheldbutfixedandoversimplifiedimageorideaofaparticulartypeofpersonorthing.Aculturalcharacteristic,ontheotherhand,isapatternofbehaviourthatistypicalofacertaingroup.Sowhatdoesthisreallymean?Stereotypearesimplyoverstatedassumptionsaboutgroupsofpeople.ImagineifatouristvisitedasmalltowninSwitzerlandandsawanumberoflocalsplayingthealphorninstrument,andthenclaimedthatSwisspeoplecanplaythealphorn.Thiswouldbeastereotype!ThisisanoverstatedimageoftheSwisswhichisbasedononetourist'sexperience.Ifhowever,thistouristweretosaythattheSwissareverypunctual,thiscouldbeseenasaculturalcharacteristic.ThisisbecauseitisapatternofbehaviourwhichisverytypicalinSwitzerland:fromtheirtransportsystemtotheirbusinessmeetingsinthisway,somepeoplearguethatgeneralizinganothercultureisnotjustuseful.butimportant.Politiciansalwayshavetobemindfuloftheculturalcharacteristicsofdifferentcountries.Bybecomingawareofdifferentculturalcharacteristics,theycanavoidcausingoffence(冒犯)inthosecultures.However,othersarguethatgeneralizingcultureswillalwaysleadtooffensivestereotypes.Theyarguethatthebestthingwecandoistostopgeneralizingculturesandstarttreatingpeopleasindividuals.Allthisraisesimportantquestions:canmakinggeneralizationsaboutgroupsofpeoplebeapositivething?Orshouldwealwaysavoidmakingbroadassumptionsaboutdifferentgroups?31．Whenhesaid,“it'slike,thismustbedoneabsolutelyperfectly...tomorrow”，JeremyClarksonreallymeant________.A．thestereotypesoftheGermansandtheIrisharenotsogoodB．thecombinationofhalfGermanandhalfIrishisinterestingC．thecharacteristicsoftheGermansandtheIrishareoppositeD．theGermanswilldoitperfectlytomorrowwhiletheIrishwon't32．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．It'stypicaloftheSwisstobepunctual.B．TheSwisscanplaythealphornquitewell.C．TheIrishpeopleareconsideredaslazy,directandcasual.D．TheGermansarethoughttobeefficient,friendlyanddirect.33．Politiciansthinkitimportanttogeneralizeanotherculturebecause________.A．theydon'twanttooffendotherpeopleB．generalizingwillleadtooffensivestereotypesC．culturalcharacteristicsarebetterthanstereotypesD．theythinkdifferentculturalcharacteristicsareuseful34．Themainpurposeofthispassageisto________.A．illustratetheimportanceofmakinggeneralizationsB．showitiswrongtoplayjokesonstereotypesofdifferentpeopleC．tellusthedifferencesbetweenstereotypesandculturalcharacteristicsD．discusswhetheritisgoodtomakegeneralizationsaboutgroupsofpeople（二）WeknowthatChinaisthelargestandfastest-growingconsumermarketintheworld.Whatislesswellunderstoodaretheforcesthatshapeconsumerismintheworld’smostpopulouscountry.Inmyview,therearesomesocialandculturalaspectsatplaythatdriveconsumerspending.Consumerismisrelatedtofreedom.Tohaveachoicemeanstohaveconsumerchoice.Youarewhatyouconsume.Consumptionisanexpressionofself.Itallowsyoutoexploretheworldthroughitsproducts,toexperimentwithlifestylechoices,andtodososafelyandanonymously（匿名）.YoumightnevergettoFrance,butyoucantryFrenchwine.Californiamightbefar,butyoucangotoShanghaiDisneyland.Indeed,theenthusiasmforchoiceisreflectedintheenthusiasmChineseconsumershaveforonlineshopping.Consumerismisastatementofsuccess.AmericaneconomistThorsteinVeblenpopularizedtheconceptof“conspicuousconsumption”.Whenconsumptionisnolongerdrivenonlybyneed,itbecomesawayofmakingastatementthatyouhavedisposable（可自由支配的）incomeandyoucanatleastincertainrespectsenjoylifeonyourterms.Simplepleasuresapairofshoes,asmartphone,designerclothingbecomestatementsofpersonalidentity.Thecollectiveexperienceisfocused.Welikeparticipatingingroupevents.FOMO,theFearofMissingOut,goesbeyondcultures.ButIsuspectthistrendisstrongerinChinathanintheWestbecauseConfucianculturedoesnotcelebrateoutsidersastheWest’sculturedoes.Socialmediareinforce（強(qiáng)化）thiscollectivepatternsothatshoppinganddiningaresharedexperiences.Opinionsarecrowd-sourced.Andthemerchantsreinforcethispatternbysupportingholidaysales,groupbuying,andotherpromotions.SuccessfulbrandsinChinaareabletohandlemostoralloftheaboveconsiderations.Theconsumermustnotonlybedelightedwithyourproduct.Thejourneyoftheconsumermustalsorespectthesesocio-culturalaspects.35．What’smainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?A．Chinesearegrowingwealthier.B．China’sfast-growingmarketeconomy.C．Chinesesocio-culturalinfluencesonconsumerism.D．Chineseconsumers’preferenceforqualityratherthanquantity.36．WhatdoesParagraph2focuson?A．Shoppingonlineisanewexperience.B．Consumptioncanbeareflectionoffreedom.C．ForeignproductscanbepurchasedinChina.D．Shoppingaroundtheworldisafavorablechoice.37．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“conspicuousconsumption”inParagraph3mean?A．Theabilitytocoverone’srealneedindailylife.B．Spendingmoneyinordertokeepupwithothers.C．Thepurchaseofexpensiveitemstodisplaystatus.D．Buyingplentyofgoodsanddeliveringthemtoothers.38．WhydoestheauthorsuspectFOMOisstrongerinChina?A．Socialmediaplayabiggerroleintheirlives.B．Followingthetrendiswhatpeoplelikebetter.C．Chinesepeoplehavelesscontactwiththestrangers.D．Confuciancultureislesslikelytoappreciateoutsiders.（三）Everyonehasaphoneintheirpocketnowadays,buthowoftendowereallyusethemfortheiroriginalpurpose—tomakeacall?Telephonecultureisdisappearing.Whatbroughtustothismoment,andwhatareitseffects?“Noonepicksupthephoneanymore,”wroteAlexC．MadrigalonTheAtlantic.“Thereflex(習(xí)慣性動作)ofanswering—20th-centurytelephonicculture—isgone.”Theshiftisofcoursedueinlargeparttomorecommunicationoptions:Textingwithphotos,videos,emojis,reactiongifs,linksandevenvoicemessagescanbeamoreattractiveoption.Textingislightandfun,notnearlyasdemandingofyourattentionasaphonecall.Itcanalsobedonewithmultiplepeopleatthesametime.Socialmedia,emailandvideocallshavealsoeatenawayattraditionalphonecalls.Inrecentyears,anotherreasonhascausedpeopletoignorephonecallscompletely:robocalls.Robocallsareautomate(自動化的)messagesfromorganizationsverifying(核實(shí))yourphonenumberortelemarketerstryingtosellsomething.Americansreceived22.8billionrobocallshalfwaythrough2020,equalinganannualrateof45.6billion,slightlybelow2018numbers,accordingtoYouMail,arobocallprotectionserviceandblockingapp.Astelephoneculturedisappears,whatisthelossofasingularfamilyphonedoingtothefamilyunit?Earlylandlinephonesunifiedfamilymembers,whereasmobilephonesisolate(隔離)them.“Thesharedfamilyphoneservedasananchor(精神支柱)forhome,”saidLukeFernandez,aWeberStateUniversitycomputer-scienceprofessorandco-authorofBored,Lonely,Angry,Stupid:FeelingsAboutTechnology,FromtheTelegraphtoTwitter.“Withsmartphones,wehavegainedmobilityandprivacy.Butthevalueofthehomehasbeenreduced,ashasitsabilitytoguideandmonitorfamilybehaviorandperhapsconnectfamiliesmoreclosely,”Fernandezsaid.Ofcourse,astechnologyprogresses,livesalwayschangeforbetterorforworse.Withthelossoftelephoneculture,familieswillneedtofindotherwaystounite.39．Whathascausedthetraditionaltelephonetoloseitsappealaccordingtothetext?A．People’swiderangeofcommunicationchoices.B．People’sgrowingneedforprivacyC．People’saddictiontosocialmediaD．People’spreferenceforrobocalls40．WhatcanweinferfromFernandez’sremark?A．Thevalueofhomedependsonhowphonesareused.B．Theuseofmobilephonehasaffectedfamilyconnections.C．Smartphonesmakefamiliescloser.D．Smartphoneshelppeoplemonitorfamilybehavior.41．Whatdoesthearticlemainlytalkabout?A．TherelationbetweenphoneuseandfamilyconnectionsB．Thedevelopmentofcommunicationtools.C．ThepastandfutureoftelephoneD．Thedownfalloftraditionaltelephoneculture.Part3讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。CanezeandherparentsmovedtotheUnitedSateswhenshewasonlytwoyearsoldandtheyhaven'tvisitedtheirmotherlandfortenyears.Lastmonth,Caneze'sgrandfathercametoseethem,andthefamilythrewabigparty.ButCanezedidn'tspendmuchtimewithhimthatday.Hedidn'tspeakEnglish,sohowcouldshehaveanysortofconversationwithhim?Canezespentmostofthatdayinthestudyroom,textingherbestfriend,Maya,andwatchinghercousinsplayvideogames.Therewasahugeartcompetitioncomingupatschool,andCanezeandMayawereplanningtocompete.“Iwishyou'dspenttimewithyourgrandfatherinsteadofyourphone,Caneze,”Momsaidonedayonthewayhome.“ButIdon'tevenknowhim,”Canezesaid,“andhedoesn'tspeakanyEnglish.HowcouldItalktohim?”“Andyoudon'tspeakanyUkrainian(烏克蘭語),Caneze,buthe'dlovetogettoknowyou.Ithinkyoumayfindthatyoutwohavealotincommon.”Twoweekslater,CanezecamehomefromschoolintheafternoontofindhergrandfathersittingatthekitchentablechattingwithMomhappily.Onthetablesatsomebooks.TheoldmansmiledwarmlyatCaneze,andshesmiledbackasshesatdownatthetable.AsGrandpaandMomspokeinUkrainian,Canezelethermindwander.Astheartcompetitionwasaroundthecorner,Mayaandshehadtobequickfortheirproject.Suddenly,anideaforapicturecametoher,soshefetchedhersketchbook.Sittingatthetable,shesketchedwhiletheadultstalked.ThenCanezeheardMomsay,“Ihavetorunoutforafewminutes.YoucanstayherewithGrandpa.”Canezesuddenlyfeltunsureandshy,whatwouldthetwoofthemtalkabout?“Thisisgoingtobeawkward,”shethoughtashermindwasracingforanideaforthisembarrassedmoment.ShegaveGrandpaapolitesmileandthenreturnedtothelinesandshapesshehaddrawnonthepage.Paragraph1:SuddenlyshesensedGrandpawaswatchingher.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:“Thisisbeautiful-Ididn'tknowyouwereanartist,”Canezesaid._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案Part1語法填空（一）1．recognized2．importance3．who/that4．their5．sought6．a(chǎn)7．tosave8．a(chǎn)s9．interested10．eating【分析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了在新加坡，在小販中心就餐是一項(xiàng)傳統(tǒng)，現(xiàn)在因其文化重要性被聯(lián)合國認(rèn)可。在得到認(rèn)可后，新加坡每六年向聯(lián)合國教科文組織提交一份報(bào)告，顯示其為保護(hù)和支持其小販文化所做的努力。然而，新加坡的小販文化確實(shí)面臨困難。一方面由于年輕人對在餐館工作不感興趣，另一方面，新冠疫情阻止了人們外出就餐。1．考查被動語態(tài)。句意：新加坡在被稱為小販中心的地方吃飯的傳統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在因其文化重要性而被聯(lián)合國認(rèn)可。分析可知，所填動詞應(yīng)是與空前“is”構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)作為句子謂語，所填動詞應(yīng)是過去分詞形式?！癰erecognizedby…”，意為“被……承認(rèn)；被……認(rèn)可”。故填recognized。2．考查名詞。句意：新加坡在被稱為小販中心的地方吃飯的傳統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在因其文化重要性而被聯(lián)合國認(rèn)可。分析可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞作介詞for的賓語，“important”，形容詞，意為“重要的”，其名詞形式為“importance(重要性)”，抽象概念不可數(shù)。故填importance。3．考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：小販?zhǔn)侵冈诮稚辖匈u食物或商品并通過向行人吆喝來宣傳的商販。分析可知，“____3____sellsfoodorgoodsandadvertisesbyshoutingatpeoplewalkingbyonthestreet”為修飾之前名詞“aperson”的定語從句，先行詞在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)從句。故填who/that。4．考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意：小販出售商品的露天用餐區(qū)非常受歡迎。分析可知，空后“goods”為名詞，意為“商品；貨物”，因此所填空應(yīng)是形容詞性物主代詞作其定語。故填their。5．考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：大約兩年前，新加坡曾爭取將小販文化加入該名單。分析可知，所填動詞應(yīng)是句子謂語動詞，結(jié)合后文時(shí)間狀語“abouttwoyearsago”可知應(yīng)是一般過去時(shí)。故填sought。6．考查不定冠詞。句意：因?yàn)樾录悠卢F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)得到承認(rèn)，所以必須每六年向聯(lián)合國教科文組織提交一份報(bào)告。分析可知，空后“report”意為“報(bào)告”，可數(shù)名詞，此處泛指一份報(bào)告，應(yīng)用不定冠詞作其限定詞，又report是輔音音素開頭。故填a。7．考查動詞不定式。句意：這份報(bào)告必須顯示新加坡為保護(hù)和支持其小販文化所做的努力。分析可知，先行詞為“efforts”，在其定語從句“thecity-statehasmade____7____(save)andsupportitshawkerculture”中已有謂語“hasmade”，所填動詞應(yīng)是動詞不定式作目的狀語。故填tosave。8．考查介詞和固定短語。句意：“這些中心作為‘社區(qū)餐廳’，來自不同背景的人們聚集在一起，分享早餐、午餐和晚餐的用餐體驗(yàn)，”聯(lián)合國教科文組織說。serveassth，為固定短語，意為“充當(dāng)……；起……的作用”。故填as。9．考查形容詞。句意：他們對在小餐館工作不太感興趣。分析可知，空前“are”為系動詞，所填空應(yīng)是形容詞?！癷nterest”，動詞，“使感興趣”，其形容詞形式為“interesting(有趣的)”和“interested(感興趣的)”，結(jié)合主語“They”指代人可知，應(yīng)是“-ed”結(jié)尾的形容詞。故填interested。10．考查動名詞。句意：新冠肺炎的健康危機(jī)也損害了銷售，阻止了外國游客外出就餐?！皃reventsb.fromdoing”，固定短語，意為“阻止某人做某事”，其中doing為動名詞作賓語。故填eating。（二）11．dating12．is13．considered14．with/including15．werediscovered16．a(chǎn)nd17．basically18．important19．which20．cultures【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章對三星堆遺址的構(gòu)成、重要性和對三星堆遺址的研究進(jìn)行了介紹。11．考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：2021年3月17日，四川廣漢三星堆遺址發(fā)現(xiàn)了6個“祭祀坑”，其歷史可以追溯到3200年到4000年之間。動詞date意為“始于（某一歷史時(shí)期）”，和主語Six“sacrificialpits”構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填dating。12．考查主謂一致和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：6個坑中最大的19平方米，最小的3.5平方米。主語“Thebiggestpit”為第三人稱單數(shù)，根據(jù)“thesmallestis3.5squaremeters”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is。13．考查過去分詞。句意：三星堆遺址被認(rèn)為是長江上游最重要的考古遺址之一，占地面積12平方公里，其核心區(qū)是一個占地3.6平方公里的古城。動詞consider意為“認(rèn)為”，和主語“TheSanxingduiRuinssite”構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且動作已完成，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語。故填considered。14．考查介詞。句意：三星堆遺址被認(rèn)為是長江上游最重要的考古遺址之一，占地面積12平方公里，其核心區(qū)是一個占地3.6平方公里的古城。此處是指三星堆遺址有或包含一個占地3.6平方公里的古城，可用介詞with表示“有”，或用介詞including表示“包括”。故填with/including。15．考查一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。句意：然而，對該遺址的大規(guī)模挖掘直到1986年才開始，當(dāng)時(shí)偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個被廣泛認(rèn)為是祭祀儀式的坑。根據(jù)“l(fā)arge-scaleexcavation(挖掘)onthesiteonlybeganin1986”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。動詞discover意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，和主語twopits構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，主語twopits為復(fù)數(shù)。故填werediscovered。16．考查連詞。句意：這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)將有助于更好地理解1986年許多無法解釋的發(fā)現(xiàn)，8個坑的相似形狀和發(fā)現(xiàn)基本上確定了它們的功能應(yīng)該是祭祀坑。前文“Thenewdiscoverieswillhelptobetterunderstandmanyunexplainedfindingsin1986”和后文“thesimilarshapesandfindingsintheeightpits...makesuretheirfunctionshouldbesacrificialpits”構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用連詞and。故填and。17．考查副詞。句意：這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)將有助于更好地理解1986年許多無法解釋的發(fā)現(xiàn)，8個坑的相似形狀和發(fā)現(xiàn)基本上確定了它們的功能應(yīng)該是祭祀坑。修飾動詞make應(yīng)用副詞。故填basically。18．考查形容詞。句意：據(jù)國家文物局表示，對三星堆遺址的研究將成為中國考古項(xiàng)目的一個重要項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目將試圖解釋中國文明的起源以及多種文化是如何交流和融合的。修飾名詞project應(yīng)用形容詞。故填important。19．考查定語從句。句意：據(jù)國家文物局表示，對三星堆遺址的研究將成為中國考古項(xiàng)目的一個重要項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目將試圖解釋中國文明的起源以及多種文化是如何交流和融合的。在非限制性定語從句中缺少主語，且先行詞為project，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。20．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：據(jù)國家文物局表示，對三星堆遺址的研究將成為中國考古項(xiàng)目的一個重要項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目將試圖解釋中國文明的起源以及多種文化是如何交流和融合的。名詞culture意為“多種文化”，為可數(shù)名詞，在diverse后應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填cultures。（三）21．havefeatured22．basis23．a(chǎn)24．historical25．havebeenperformed26．through27．formation28．increasingly29．unity30．that【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了從人類誕生之初，不同文明就呈現(xiàn)出不同的特征，但同時(shí)也在不斷的交流，正是這種對立與統(tǒng)一才促成了文明的發(fā)展和社會的進(jìn)步。21．考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：從人類誕生之初，不同文明就呈現(xiàn)出不同的層次，在村莊、地區(qū)、宗族、宗教團(tuán)體等基礎(chǔ)上形成了鮮明的特征。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動詞feature在句子中作謂語，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語Sincetheverybeginningofhumanrace可知，這里指從人類誕生開始，文明就“已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)”不同層次，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，and連接的并列句子中的謂語havebeenformed也給出了提示。故填havefeatured。22．考查名詞。句意：從人類誕生之初，不同文明就呈現(xiàn)出不同的層次，在村莊、地區(qū)、宗族、宗教團(tuán)體等基礎(chǔ)上形成了鮮明的特征。由空格前的“onthe”可以判斷本空填名詞形式。base的名詞形式是basis，“onthebasisof在……基礎(chǔ)上”。故填basis。23．考查冠詞。句意：一方面，每一種文化都是與環(huán)境相適應(yīng)的系統(tǒng)，是人們幾千年生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)的結(jié)晶，是人類歷史和藝術(shù)價(jià)值的遺產(chǎn)。system是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，不能單獨(dú)用來做表語，前面需要有限定詞，根據(jù)語境，每一種文化都是“一個”系統(tǒng)，表示泛指，故填a。24．考查形容詞。一方面，每一種文化都是與環(huán)境相適應(yīng)的系統(tǒng)，是人們幾千年生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)的結(jié)晶，是人類歷史和藝術(shù)價(jià)值的遺產(chǎn)。and是并列連詞，連接空格和artistic，修飾名詞values，所以判斷空格處填形容詞。故填historical。25．考查動詞。句意:另一方面，不同文明之間，各種形式的交流通過日常交往和經(jīng)濟(jì)活動被表現(xiàn)。“perform表演；做；執(zhí)行”。根據(jù)語境，動作已經(jīng)完成且用被動語態(tài)，同時(shí)，and連接并列句，句子謂語havebeenreplaced也給出提示，所以使用完成時(shí)的被動時(shí)，主語是forms。故填havebeenperformed。26．考查介詞。句意:另一方面，各種形式的交流通過日常交往和經(jīng)濟(jì)活動被表現(xiàn)。本空沒有提示，后面接并列的名詞，所以考慮填介詞。根據(jù)語境，這種交流是“通過”日常交往和經(jīng)濟(jì)活動進(jìn)行。故填through。27．考查非謂語動詞。句意：隨著世界資本主義市場的形成，國家和地方的自給自足和閉關(guān)自守的政策已被各民族之間各方面的交流和相互依賴所取代。由前面的冠詞the和后面接of可知，空格處應(yīng)該填名詞。form作“形成”意思時(shí)，名詞形式是“formation”。故填formation。28．考查副詞動詞。句意：每個民族的精神產(chǎn)品都有一些共同的財(cái)富，這使得民族的單邊主義和有限性日益成為可能。possible是形容詞，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格修飾possible，所以應(yīng)該填副詞。故填increasingly。29．考查名詞。句意：世界歷史的發(fā)展表明，正是這種對立與統(tǒng)一以及不同文明之間的融合與交流才促成了文明的發(fā)展和社會的進(jìn)步。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，and連接兩個名詞，所以空格處應(yīng)填名詞。unite的名詞是unity。故填unity。30．考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意：世界歷史的發(fā)展表明，正是這種對立與統(tǒng)一以及不同文明之間的融合與交流才促成了文明的發(fā)展和社會的進(jìn)步。本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是“theoppositionand9（unite）aswellasintegrationandexchangesbetweendifferentcivilizations”，所以空格處填that?！军c(diǎn)睛】語法填空題是在理解語篇的基礎(chǔ)上完成語法題，所以解題時(shí)不可脫離語篇。要通讀全文，把握大意。此時(shí)，可將有提示詞的題作為突破點(diǎn)，這樣就可以了解語篇的內(nèi)容及要點(diǎn)。然后，結(jié)合語境，試填其它空格。最后，再通讀全文，檢查并確定答案。Part2閱讀理解（一）31．C32．A33．A34．D【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章討論了是否需要對民族特性作概括。由于文化、習(xí)俗習(xí)慣的不同，不同的民族總是有其獨(dú)有的特點(diǎn)，社會應(yīng)予以保護(hù)。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Immediately,hesaid:“That'squiteastrangecombination.It'slike,thismustbedoneabsolutelyperfectly...tomorrow”.(他馬上說：“這是一個相當(dāng)奇怪的組合。這就像，這必須做得絕對完美……明天”)”和第二段“Thisjokeplayedonstereotypes(刻板印象)oftheGermansasefficientandtheIrishaslazy.(這個笑話是針對德國人效率高、愛爾蘭人懶惰的刻板印象)”可知，人們認(rèn)為德國人效率高、愛爾蘭人懶惰，是很奇怪的組合，可得出作者說這句話是為了表明人們對德國人和愛爾蘭人的印象是相反的。故選C。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“Ifhowever,thistouristweretosaythattheSwissareverypunctual,thiscouldbeseenasaculturalcharacteristic.(然而，如果這位游客說瑞士人非常守時(shí)，這可以看作是一種文化特征)”可知，守時(shí)是瑞士人的典型文化特征。故選A。33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“Politiciansalwayshavetobemindfuloftheculturalcharacteristicsofdifferentcountries.Bybecomingawareofdifferentculturalcharacteristics,theycanavoidcausingoffence(冒犯)inthosecultures.(政治家們必須時(shí)刻注意不同國家的文化特征。通過了解不同的文化特征，他們可以避免在這些文化中造成冒犯)”可知，通過對不同的民族特征做了解和掌握，就不會冒犯別人了。故選A。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章尤其是最后三段內(nèi)容，特別是最后一段“Allthisraisesimportantquestions:canmakinggeneralizationsaboutgroupsofpeoplebeapositivething?Orshouldwealwaysavoidmakingbroadassumptionsaboutdifferentgroups?(所有這些都提出了重要的問題：對人群進(jìn)行概括是否是一件積極的事情？還是我們應(yīng)該總是避免對不同的群體做出廣泛的假設(shè)？)”可知，文章主要討論了是否需要對民族特性作概括，討論對人群進(jìn)行概括是否有益。故選D。（二）35．C36．B37．C38．D【分析】本文是議論文，主要講述了中國社會文化對消費(fèi)主義的影響。35．主旨大意題。第一段提出“therearesomesocialandculturalaspectsatplaythatdriveconsumerspending.”一些社會和文化因素在推動消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)。第二段提出“Consumerismisrelatedtofreedom.”消費(fèi)和自由相關(guān)。第三段說“Consumerismisastatementofsuccess.”消費(fèi)主義是成功的象征。第四段說“Thecollectiveexperienceisfocused.”消費(fèi)是集體經(jīng)驗(yàn)的體現(xiàn)。最后一段說“SuccessfulbrandsinChinaareabletohandlemostoralloftheaboveconsiderations.”在中國成功的品牌能夠處理以上大部分或全部的考慮。可知文章主要講述了，在中國，哪幾個社會和文化因素推動中國的消費(fèi)支出，即中國社會文化對消費(fèi)主義的影響。故選C項(xiàng)。36．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Consumptionisanexpressionofself.Itallowsyoutoexploretheworldthroughitsproducts,toexperimentwithlifestylechoices,andtodososafelyandanonymously”消費(fèi)是一種自我的表達(dá)。它讓你可以通過它的產(chǎn)品來探索世界，體驗(yàn)生活方式的選擇，而且是安全和匿名的?？芍诙螐?qiáng)調(diào)消費(fèi)與自由的關(guān)系，消費(fèi)是自我的表現(xiàn)，通過消費(fèi)，人們能夠得到自由，所以本段主要講消費(fèi)可以是自由的反映，故選B項(xiàng)。37．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線部分后文“Whenconsumptionisnolongerdrivenonlybyneed,itbecomesawayofmakingastatementthatyouhavedisposable（可自由支配的）incomeandyoucanatleastincertainrespectsenjoylifeonyourterms.Simplepleasuresapairofshoes,asmartphone,designerclothingbecomestatementsofpersonalidentity.”當(dāng)消費(fèi)不再僅僅由需求驅(qū)動時(shí)，它就變成了一種聲明，表明你有可支配收入，你可以—至少在某些方面—按自己的方式享受生活。一雙鞋、一部智能手機(jī)、一件設(shè)計(jì)師設(shè)計(jì)的服裝，這些簡單的快樂成為了個人身份的證明?？芍?，消費(fèi)不再僅僅是由需求驅(qū)動時(shí)，消費(fèi)就成了一種成功的象征，因此conspicuousconsumption指的是購買昂貴物品以獲得個人身份，故選C項(xiàng)。38．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Welikeparticipatingingroupevents.FOMO,theFearofMissingOut,goesbeyondcultures.ButIsuspectthistrendisstrongerinChinathanintheWestbecauseConfucianculturedoesnotcelebrateoutsidersastheWest’sculturedoes.”我們喜歡參加集體活動?！板e失恐懼癥”指的是害怕錯過，它超越了文化層面。但我懷疑這種趨勢在中國比在西方更強(qiáng)烈，因?yàn)槿寮椅幕幌裎鞣轿幕菢淤澝劳鈦碚?。可知FOMO這種趨勢在中國很強(qiáng)烈，是因?yàn)槿寮椅幕惶赡苄蕾p外來者，故選D項(xiàng)。（三）39．A40．B41．D【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了傳統(tǒng)電話文化消失的原因和這一現(xiàn)象帶來的影響。39．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thereflex(習(xí)慣性動作)ofanswering—20th-centurytelephonicculture—isgone.(接電話的習(xí)慣性動作——21世界電話文化——消失了