2022年浙江省嘉興市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)

2022年浙江省嘉興市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.DrMargaretChanofChinawillbethenextDirectorGeneraloftheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).Afterherappointment,shetoldtheWorldHealthAssemblyshewantedtobejudgedbytheimpactWHO'sworkhasonthepeopleofAfricaandonwomenacrosstheglobe.

Inheracceptancespeech,DrChunsaid:"whatmattersmosttomeispeople.Andtwospecificgroupsofpeopleinparticular.IwantustobejudgedbytheimpactwehaveonthehealthofthepeopleofAfrica,andthehealthofwomen...ImprovementsinthehealthofthepeopleofAfricaandthehealthofwomenarekeyindicatorsoftheperformanceofWHO.""Allregions,allcountries,allpeopleareequallyimportant.Thisisahealthorganizationforthewholeworld.OurworkmusttouchontheLivesofeveryone,everywhere,"shesaid."Butwemustfocusourattentiononthepeopleingreatestneed."

DrChunwasnominatedasDirector-GeneralonWednesdaybytheWHOExecutiveBoardandherappointmentwasconfirmedonThursdaybytheWorldHealthAssembly.TheDirector-GeneralisWHO'schieftechnicalandadministrativeofficer.ShewaspreviouslyWHOAssistantDirectorGeneralforCommunicableDiseasesandRepresentativeoftheDirector-GeneralforPandemicInfluenza.

DrChanobtainedherMedicalDegreefromtheUniversityofWesternOntarioinCanadaandalsohasadegreeinpublichealthfromtheNationalUniversityofSingapore.ShejoinedtheHongKongDepartmentofHealthin1978,andwasappointedasDirectorofHealthin1994.AsDirector,shelaunchednewservicesfocusingonpreventionofdiseaseandpromotionofhealth.Shealsointroducednewinitiativestoimprove,communicablediseasesurveillanceandresponse,enhancetrainingforpublichealthprofessionals,andto,establishbetterlocalandinternationalcollaboration.Shehaseffectivelymanagedoutbreaksofavianinfluenzaandtheworld'sfirstoutbreakofsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS).

TheproceduresforthecurrentnominationandelectionprocessweredecidedfollowingthesuddendeathofDrLEEJong-wook,WHODirector-General,on22May2006.Atitsmeetingon23May,theWHOExecutiveBoardagreedonan"acceleratedprocess"forelectingaDirector-General.

InherspeechtotheWorldHealthAssembly,shesaid:"InleadingWHO,IwilllikeallmypredecessorsbyWHOinitseffortstoimproveworldhealtharesubjecttoscientificscrutiny,oryieldtheirsecretsunderamicroscope.YouknowtheonesImean:lackofresourcesandtoolittlepoliticalcommitment.Theseareoftenthetruekillers."

Endingheraddress,DrChanrepeatedherpledgetoworkhardtoimprovethehealthofpeoplearoundtheworld."Theworkwedotogethersaveslivesandrelievessuffering.Iwillworkwithyoutirelesslytomakethisworldahealthierplace."

Chan,59,isexpectedtotakeofficeinJanuaryforafive-yearterm.TheU.N.agencyhasbeenledbyDr.AndersNordstromofSwedenwhowasappointedbytheExecutiveBoardasActingDirectorGeneralofWHOinMay.HewillcontinueinthisroleuntilanewDirector-Generaltakesoffice.

TheChinesegovernmentonThursdaycongratulatedMargaretChanaftershewasconfirmedasnewchiefoftheWorldHealthOrganization.ItisthefirsttimeaChinesenationalhasbeenelectedtoheadaspecializedU.N.body,JiangYu,ChineseForeignMinistryspokeswoman,said.TheChinesegovernmentfullysupportsMargaretChartasthedirector-generaloftheWHO,Jiangsaid,notingthatgovernmentsofHongKongandMacaospecialadministrativeregionsalsoactivelysupportedher.

Chaniscapable,experienced,whichleftthemembersoftheWHOExecutiveBoardadeepimpressionandwonwidesupportfromWHOmembercountries,thespokeswomansaid.ItisbelievedthatChanwillfullyimplementherpromiseandworktogetherwithallmembersf

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2.

MorethanhalfofAmericansnowusetheInternet.

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3.Beijing2008:TheFirst4GWirelessOlympicGames?

Abouthalfamillionyearsago,PekingmanlivedinZhoukoudian,inthesouthwesternsuburbsofwhatisnowBeijing.IfyouhavebeentoBeijingmorerecently,orareatallfamiliarwithmodernChina,thenyouknowthisancientcityisgoingtohostthemostmodern,high-techOlympicGameseverin2008.Withtechnologyavailabletoday,andavisionforwhatBeijingcouldbein2008,thereisanopportunityforthehoststomakethecity'stelecommunicationsinfrastructure--inthewordsoftheOlympicmotto—"swifter,higher,stronger".ThePathto4G

Beijinghasthegoodfortuneoflookingatpreviousgenerationsofwirelessnetworksandavoidingthesamemistakesasitpreparesfor2008.FirstGeneration(1G)wirelesstelecommunications—thebrick-likeanalogphonesthatarenowcollector'sitems—introducedthecellulararchitecturethatisstillbeingofferedbymostwirelesscompaniestoday.SecondGeneration(2G)wirelesssupportedmoreuserswithinacellbyusingdigitaltechnology,whichallowedmanycallerstousethesamemultiplexedchannel.But2Gwasstillprimarilymeantforvoicecommunications,notdata,exceptsomeverylowdata-ratefeatures,likeShortMessagingService(SMS).So-called2.5GallowedcarrierstoincreasedatarateswithasoftwareupgradeatthebasetransceiversStations(BTS),aslongasconsumerspurchasednewphonestoo.ThirdGeneration(3G)wirelessoffersthepromiseofgreaterbandwidth,basicallybiggerdatapipestousers,whichwillallowthemtosendandreceivemoreinformation.

Allofthesearchitectures,however,arestillcellular.Cellulararchitectureissometimesreferredtoasa"stararchitecture',becauseuserswithinthatcellaccessacommon,centralizedbasestation.Theadvantageisthatgivenenoughtimeandmoney,carrierscanbuildnationwidenetworks,whichmostofthebigcarriershavedone.Someofthedisadvantagesincludeasingularpointoffailure,noleadbalancing,andspectralinefficiencies.Thesinglebiggestdisadvantagetocellularnetworksgoingforwardisthatasdataratesincrease,outputpowerwillhavetoincrease—orthesizeofthecellswinhavetodecrease—tosupportthosehigherdatarates.Sincesignificantincreasesinoutputpowerscarebothconsumersandregulators,itisfarmorelikelythatwewillseesignificantlysmallercells.Thiswillfurtherreducethereturnoninvestmentinalreadyfragile3Gbusinessplans.

FourthGeneration(4G)wirelesswasoriginallyconceivedbytheDefenseAdvancedResearchprojectsAgency(DARPA),thesameorganizationthatdevelopedthewiredInternet.Itisnotsurprising,then,thatDARPAchosethesamedistributedarchitectureforthewirelessInternetthathadprovensosuccessfulinthewiredInternet.Althoughexpertsandpolicymakershaveyettoagreeonalltheaspectsof4Gwireless,twocharacteristicshaveemergedasallbutcertaincomponentsof4G:end-to-endInternetProtocol(IP),andpeer-to-peer(點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn))networking.AnallIPnetworkmakessensebecauseconsumerswillwanttousethesamedataapplicationstheyareusedtoinwirednetworks.Peer-to-peernetworks,whereeverydeviceisbothatransceiver(收發(fā)機(jī))andarouter(路由器)forotherdevicesinthenetwork,eliminatestheweaknessofcellulararchitectures,becausetheeliminationofasinglenodedoesnotdisablethenetwork.Thefinaldefinitionof"4G"willhavetoincludesomethingassimpleasthis:ifaconsumercandoitathomeorintheofficewhilewiredtotheInternet,thatconsumermustbeabletodoitwirelesslyinafullymobileenvironment.

Let'sdefine"4G"as"wirelesscollaboratedpeer-to-peernetworking".4Gtechnologyissignificantbecauseusersjoiningthenetworkaddmobilerouterstothenetworkinfrastructure.Becauseuserscarrymuchofthenetworkwiththem,networkcapacity

4.

Thetreasuredbooksshouldbeputin______.

A.built-inbookshelves

B.freestandingbookcases

C.hangingbookshelves

D.glasscases

5.

Accordingtothepassage,fearoftakingtestmaygiveriseto______.

6.

Inthe17th,France'snationallibrarywasfoundedinParis.

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7.

AccordingtoMaryClaireAllvine,acertifiedfinancialplannerinChicagoandAtlanta,coupleswhocaremuchaboutdayto-daybudgetingdetailsareusuallythemostsuccessfulwiththeirmoney.

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8.

Whymightthegrade-grubberssometimescheatinexams?

9.

Theauthorthinksuchtaglineas"Steaksauceonlyacowcouldhate"conveysanegativefeelinghardy______.

10.

ThegeneralviewofEuropeislikelytochangefromcultivatedfarm-landtogrowingshrubsandforestswithspecies-poorwildlifesuchaswildcats,bears,deerandwolves.

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11.

______firstmadeMarkTwainknownalloverthecountry.

12.

Foranexam,thecrammeralwayschoosetowaituntil______.

13.CigaretteMakersSeeFuture(It'sinAsia)

—ByPhilipShenon

NewYorkTimesService

TheMarlboroManhasfoundgreenerpastures.

Thecigarette-hawking(兜售香煙的)cowboymaybeundersiegebackhomeintheUnitedStatesfromlawmakersandhealthadvocatesdeterminedtoputhimoutofbusiness,buthalfaworldaway,inAsia,heisprospering,hiscraggy(毛糙的)all-Americanmugslappeduponbillboardsandflickeringacrosstelevisionscreens.

AndMarlborocigaretteshaveneverbeenmorepopularonthecontinentthatishometo60percentoftheworld'spopulation.

Fortheworld'scigarette-makers,Asiaisthefuture.Anditisprobablytheirsavior.

Industrycriticswhohopethatthemultinationaltobaccocompaniesareheadedforextinctionowethemselvesastrolldownthetobacco-scentedstreetsofalmostanycityinAsia.

Almosteverywhereheretheairisthickwiththeswirlinggrayhazeofcigarettesmoke,theevidenceofaboomingAsiangrowthmarketthatpromisesvastprofitsforthetobaccoindustryandadeathtollmeasuredinthetensofmillions.

AtlunchtimeinSeoul,throngsoffashionablydressedyoungKoreanwomengatherinafast-foodrestauranttoenjoyalastcigarettebeforereturningtowork,ascenethatdrawsdistressedstaresfromolderKoreanswhorememberatimewhenitwouldhavebeenscandalousforwomenfromrespectablehomestosmoke.

InHongKong,China,shoppersflockintotheSalemAttitudesboutique(時(shí)裝商店),pickingfromamongtheracksoftrendysportsclothesstampedwiththelogoofSalemcigarettes.

InPhnomPenh(金邊),thewar-shatteredcapitalofCambodia,visitorsleavinganaudiencewithKingSihanoukaregreetedwithagiantbillboardplantedrightacrossthestreetfromhisornate(裝飾華麗的)gold-roofedpalace.ItadvertisesLuckyStrikes.

AccordingtotobaccoindustryprojectionscitedbytheWorldHealthOrganization,theAsiancigarettemarketshouldgrowbymorethanathirdduringthe1990s,withmuchofthebountygoingtomultinationaltobaccogiantseagerforanalternativetotheshrinkingmarketintheUnitedStates.

Americancigarettesalesareexpectedtodeclinebyabout15percentbytheendofthedecade,areflectionofthemovetobanpublicsmokinginmostoftheUnitedStates.SalesinWesternEuropeandotherindustrializedcountriesarealsoexpectedtodrop.

ButnomatterhowbadthenewsisintheWest,thetobaccocompaniescanfindcomfortinAsiaandthroughouttheThirdWorld,marketssohugeandsopromisingthattheymaketheonceall-importantAmericanmarketseeminsignificant.BeyondAsia,cigaretteconsumptionisalsoexpectedtogrowinAfrica,LatinAmerica,EasternEuropeandinthenationsoftheformerSovietUnion.

Statusappearstomatterfarmorethantaste."Thereisnotagreatdealofevidencetosuggestthatsmokerscantasteanydifferencebetweenthemore

expensiveforeignbrandsandtheindigenous(本地產(chǎn)的)cigarettes,"saidSimonChapman,aspecialistincommunitymedicineattheUniversityofSydney."Thedifferenceappearstobeinthepackaging,theadvertising."

Hesaidthatresearchershadbeenunabletodeterminewhethertheforeigntobaccocompanieshadadjustedthelevelsoftar,nicotineandotherchemicalsforcigarettessoldintheAsianmarket."Thetobaccoindustryfightstoothandnailtokeepconsumer

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14.

Theschoolwhichblamesglobalizationthinks______.

A.tradeinfluencesmiddlingwagespositively

B.thelabormarketbecomesmoredense

C.technologydecreasesworkers'wagesatonce

D.thereasonofcapital'srewardsoutpacingthoseoflaborisuncertain

15.

Therealtherapistscanusedreamemotiontotreatpatientswhoareexperiencingunpleasantlifeevents.

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16.

Mostofthefoodsgrownandprocessedaccordingtothefederalstandardswillbeartheseal______.

17.

ThereisaU.N.conventionthatcancover______.

A.problembetweenneighbors

B.problembetweenstateswhichdonotshareaborder

C.problemsonairpollution

D.trans-boundaryairpollution

18.

Betweengeneticfactorsanddepressionthereisdirectconnection.

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19.

Itfoundthatincreasesinairpollutiontendedto______.

20.Whatkindofanimalaffectedbyman-madechemicalsisnotreferredinthepassage?

A.Polarbears.B.Mammals.C.People.D.Birds.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(42)

22.(23)

A.Friends.

B.Brotherandsister.

C.Colleagues.

D.Husbandandwife.

23.(34)

A.Therelationshipbetweenmice,ratsandmonkeys.

B.Therelationshipbetweendietandanimals.

C.Therelationshipbetweendietandman.

D.Therelationshipbetweendietandhealth.

24.【B10】

25.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:I'mexhausted!Ican'tseestraightanymore.

W:Callitadayandgetsomerest.I'llfinishprintingthereportmyself.

Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?

(12)

A.Gohome.

B.Seeadoctor.

C.Finishthereport.

D.Lookforhisglasses.

26.(39)

27.(28)

A.Theylivedaluxuriouslifeandtheirdietwasverydelicate.

B.Theylivedahighlycivilizedcourtlife.

C.Theylivedaprimitiveli[eandtheirtablemannerwasoftenrude.

D.TheylivedaComparativelyluxuriousbutnot-so-civilizedlife.

28.(31)

A.Itreflectscommercialinterests.

B.Itisafashionableprofessionalevent.

C.Itisanessentialaffairforinternationalcinema~

D.Itismoreconcernedwiththeartoffilmthanwithfinancialinterests.

29.(35)

A.Doubtful.B.Opposing.C.Supportive.D.Neutral.

30.(19)

A.SheispoorinEnglish.

B.Shecan'tspeakEnglish.

C.Shehastheabilitytoactinaplay.

D.Shedoesn'tliketospeakEnglishinaplay.

31.

【B5】

32.

【B11】

33.(32)

A.Polite.B.Patient.C.Changeable.D.Clever.

34.

【B4】

35.聽力原文：W:Ican'tbelieveIhavealmostspentall$4,000ofmystudentloan.Thatmoneywassupposedtolastmeallyear.

M:Maybeyoushouldstartlivingwithinyourmeans,likeyou'vebeentoldtimeandtimeagain.

W:Whatdoesthemansuggest?

(15)

A.SheShouldfindajob.

B.Sheshouldjuststopworrying.

C.Sheshouldbemorerealisticwithhermoney.

D.Sheshouldaskformoremoneyfromtheloanoffice.

36.【B7】

37.(22)

A.Itisquitegeneral.

B.Mostoftheinformationheneedswillbefoundinnewspapers,

C.Shethinksheshouldchangeit.

D.Itshouldtakeaveryshorttimetofindmaterialonit.

38.(26)

A.inapolicestation

B.bytheroadside

C.intheprison

D.inalawcourt

39.聽力原文：M:WoulditbealrightifItookyourpictureandaskedyouafewquestions?I'majournalistwritingamagazinestoryaboutforeignerslivinginourcity.

W:Well,youmayaskthequestionsfirst.

Q:Whatdoesthemanwantthewomantodo?

(16)

A.Tohelphimfindamagazine.

B.Toworkasajournalistforhim.

C.Towriteamagazinestoryforhim.

D.Totellaboutherlifeexperiencehere.

40.聽力原文：M:ThoseweresuchfunnystoriesTomtoldlastnight.Hewaslikeatotallydifferentguy.

W:Yeah,really.Heisnormallysoserious.Whatdoyouthinkbroughtallthatoutofhim?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(16)

A.Thestoriesprobablyweren'ttrue.

B.Tomusuallydoesn'ttellfunnystories.

C.She'ssurprisedTomwassoseriouslastnight.

D.ShewantstoknowwhereTomheardthestories.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.What'sSpinney'sopiniononthetargetaudienceofSesameStreet?

A.Theyarecompletelydifferentthantheywere40yearsago.

B.Manyofthemaredevotedfansoftheperformance.

C.Theirbasicneedshaven'tchangedmuchthroughyears.

D.Theycontinuetowatchtheshowwhentheyhavegrownup.

42.Whenyouenterthebookshoptofindabook,youwill______.

A.becomecompletelyabsorbedinthebookswithoutrealizingwhereyouare

B.becomecompletelylostwithoutanyknowledgeofyourwhereabouts

C.becomecompletelyunconsciousinthebookshop

D.loseanysenseofdirectionastowhereyouare

43.(55)

44.

【C5】

45.【S5】

46.Thelastsentenceofthe2ndparagraphtellsusthatthewriterbelievesthat______.

A.thecomputerisassmartashumanbeings

B.thecomputerisfriendlywithhumanbeings

C.humanbeingscaninteractwiththecomputeranddowhattheywantattheirwill

D.humanbeingshavenotusedthecomputertoitsfullestadvantage

47.

Theword"square"insentence1,Para.2means______.

A.basicB.fairC.completeD.absolute

48.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

ThedevelopmentofjazzcanbeseenaspartofthelargercontinuumofAmericanpopularmusic,especiallydancemusic.Inthetwenties,jazzbecamethehottestnewthingindancemusic,muchasragtimehadatthemmofthecentury,andasrhythmandbluesintheforties,rockinthefifties,anddiscointheseventies.

Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstisimprovisation,thechangingofamusicalphraseaccordingtotheplayer'sinspiration.Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedsoloisajazzmusician'smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.Inearlyjazz,musiciansoftenimprovisedmelodiescollectively,thuscreatingakindofpolyphony.Therewaslittlesoloingassuch,althoughsomeNewOrleansplayers,particularlycometplayerBuddyBolden,achievedlocalfamefortheirabilitytoimproviseasolo.Latertheideaofthechores-longormulti-chorussolotookhold.LouisArmstrong'sinstrumentalbrilliance,demonstratedthroughextendedsolos,wasamajorinfluenceinthisdevelopment.

Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch"get-off"musicians.Unimprovised,completelystructuredjazzdoesexist,buttheabilityofthebestjazzmusicianstocreatemusicofgreatcohesionandbeautyduringaperformancehasbeenahallmarkofthemusicanditsmajorsourceofinspirationandchange.

Theseconddistinguishingcharacteristicofjazzisarhythmicdrivethatwasinitiallycalled"hot"andlater"swing".Inplayinghot,amusicianconsciouslydepartsfromstrictmetertocreatearelaxedsenseofphrasingthatalsoemphasizestheunderlyingrhythms.("Rough"toneanduseofmoderatevibratoalsocontributestoahotsound.)Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.Still,theproclivity(傾向)toplayhotdistinguishedthejazzmusicianfromotherinstrumentalists.

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A.Thesimilaritiesbetweenjazzandtheotherdancemusic.

B.Thepopularityofjazz.

C.Thecharacteristicsofjazz.

D.Howthejazzmusiciansdisplaytheirindividuality.

49.

Thepassageshowsthattheauthoris______thepresentsituation.

A.criticalofB.puzzledbyC.disappointedatD.amazedat

50.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

TheordinaryfamilyincolonialNorthAmericawasprimarilyconcernedwithsheerphysicalsurvivalandbeyondthat,itsowneconomicprosperity.Thus,childrenwerevaluedintermsoftheirproductivity,andtheyassumedtheroleofproducerquiteearly.Untiltheyfulfilledthisrole,theirpositioninthestructureofthefamilywasoneofsubordination,andtheirpsychologicalneedsandcapacitiesreceivedlittleconsideration.

Asthesocietybecamemorecomplex,thestatusofchildreninthefamilyandinthesocietybecamemoreimportant.Inthecomplex,technologicalsocietythattheUnitedStateshasbecome,eachmembermustfulfillanumberofpersonalandoccupationalrolesandbeinconstantcontactwithagreatmanyothermembers.Consequently,viewingchildrenaspotentiallyacceptableandnecessarilymultifacetedmembersofsocietymeansthattheyareregardedmoreaspeopleintheirownrightthanasutilitarianorganisms.Thisacceptanceofchildrenasequalparticipantsinthecontemporaryfamilyisreflectedinthevarietyofstatuesprotectingtherightsofchildrenandinthesocialandpublicwelfareprogramsdevotedexclusivelytotheirwell-being.

Thisnewviewofchildrenandtheincreasingcontactbetweenthemembersofsocietyhasalsoresultedinasurgeofinterestinchild-rearingtechniques.Peopletodayspendaconsiderableportionoftheirtimeconferringontheproperwaytobringupchildren.Itisnowpossibletoinfluencethedetailsofthesocializationofanotherperson'schildbyspreadingthegospelofcurrentandfashionabletheoriesandmethodsofchild-rearing.

ThesocializationofthecontemporarychildintheUnitedStatesinatwo-waytransactionbetweenparentandchildratherthanaone-way,parent-to-childtrainingprogram.Asaconsequence,socializingchildrenandlivingwiththemoveralongperiodoftimeisforparentsamixtureofpleasure,satisfaction,andproblems.

Whatisthesubjectofthispassage?

51.(62)

52.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilityforlearninglieswiththestudents,Ifalongreading(47)______isgiven,instructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwiththeinformationinthereadingeveniftheydonotdiscussitinclassoronagivenexamination.The(48)______studentisconsideredtobeonewhois(49)______tolearnforthesakeoflearning,nottheoneinterestedonlyingettinghighmarks.

Whenresearchisassigned,theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakethe(50)______andtocompletetheassignmentwith(51)______guidance.Itisthestudent'sresponsibilitytofindbooks,(52)______,andarticlesinthelibrary.Professorsdonothavethetimetoexplainhowauniversitylibraryworks;theyexpectstudents,particularlygraduatestudents,tobeableto(53)______thereferencesourcesinthelibrary.

Professorswillhelpstudentswhoneedit,butpreferthattheirstudentsnotbe(54)______dependonthem.IntheUnitedStates,professorshaveotherdutiesbesidesteaching.Oftentheyare(55)______foradministrativeworkwithintheirdepartments.Inaddition,theymaybe(56)______topublisharticlesandbooks.Therefore,thetimeaprofessorcanspendwithastudentoutsideofclassislimited.Ifastudenthasproblemswithclassroomwork,thestudentshouldeitherapproachaprofessorduringofficehoursormakeanappointment.

WordBank:

A)conformedI)responsible

B)periodicalsJ)assignment

C)obligedK)literal

D)availL)motivated

E)overlyM)ideal

F)exhaustN)respective

G)minimalO)initiative

H)disposition

53.(57)

54.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Everyyeartelevisionstationsreceivehundredsofcomplaintsabouttheloudnessofadvertisements.However,federalrulesforbidthepracticeofmakingadslouderthantheprogramming.Inaddition,televisionstationsalwaysoperateatthehighestsoundlevelallowedforreasonsofefficiency.AccordingtooneNBCexecutive,nodifferenceexistsinthepeaksoundlevelofadsprogramming.Giventhisinformation,whydocommercialssoundsoloud?

Thesensationofsoundinvolvesavarietyoffactorsinadditiontoitsspeaklevel.Advertisersareskillfulatcreatingtheimpressionofloudnessthroughtheirexpertuseofsuchfactors.Onemajorcontributortotheperceivedloudnessofcommercialsisthatmuchlessvariationinsoundleveloccursduringacommercial.Inregularprogrammingtheintensityofsoundvariesoveralargerange.However,soundlevelsincommercialstendtostayatornearpeaklevels.

Other"tricksofthetrade"arealsoused.Becauselow-frequencysoundscanmaskhigherfrequencysounds,advertisersfilteroutanynoisesthatanydrownouttheprimarymessage.Inaddition,thehumanvoicehasmoreauditory(聽覺的)impactinthemiddlefrequencyranges.Advertiserselectronicallyvaryvoicesoundssothattheystaywithinsuchafrequencyband.Anotherapproachistowritethescript.sothatlotsofconsonants(輔音)areused,becausepeoplearemoreawareofconsonantsthanvowel(元音)sounds.Finally,advertiserstrytobegincommercialswithsoundsthatarehighlydifferentfromthoseoftheprogrammingwithinwhichthecommercialisburied.Becausepeoplebecomeadaptedtothetypeofsoundscomingfromprogramming,adramaticchangeinsoundqualitydrawsviewerattention.Forexample,noticehowmanycommercialsbeginwithacheerfulsongofsometype.

Theattention-gettingpropertyofcommercialcanbeseenbyobservingone-to-two-year-oldchildrenwhohappentobeplayingaroundatelevisionset.Theymaytotallyignoretheprogramming.However,whenacommercial