2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-南昌大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-南昌大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.翻譯題人類社會(huì)滄桑巨變，國(guó)際舞臺(tái)風(fēng)云變幻。聯(lián)合國(guó)經(jīng)歷了種種考驗(yàn)，走過(guò)了不平凡的歷程。盡管地區(qū)動(dòng)蕩和局部沖突時(shí)有發(fā)生，但是各國(guó)更加重視以談判解決爭(zhēng)端。2.單選題Youcannot

ignoranceasyourexcuse;youshouldhaveknownwhatwashappeningallalong.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.refertoB.defendC.pleadD.persistin3.單選題Ididn’tsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI

.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.hadtoB.woulddoC.shouldhaveD.mighthaveto4.單選題Surprisinglyperhaps,thebiggest

healthriskfortouriststravellingabroadisactuallyroadtrafficaccidents.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.potentialB.theoreticalC.definiteD.alternative5.單選題Ajokeortwoalways

upalecture,Ithink.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.raiseB.loosenC.livenD.inspire6.單選題Thatyoungwomantherewas

ashopassistant;sheisnowamanagerinoursupermarket.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.beforeB.preliminarilyC.formallyD.formerly7.翻譯題人類在歷史上的生活正如旅行一樣。旅途上的征人所經(jīng)過(guò)的地方，有時(shí)是坦蕩平原，有時(shí)是崎嶇險(xiǎn)路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高興興地向前走，走到崎嶇的境界，愈是奇趣橫生，覺(jué)得在此奇絕壯絕的境界，愈能感到一種冒險(xiǎn)的美趣。8.單選題Itshouldbe

thatasindividualsgiftedstudentsareendowedwithcertainattributeswhichrepresenttheirpotentialsuccessinlife.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.remindedB.perceivedC.markedD.noted9.單選題Computerequipmentcanbecome

veryquicklybecausenewtechnologyemergessofast.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.primitiveB.expiredC.raggedD.obsolete10.單選題IhavedevotedfiveweekendscontinuouslytowritingthegraduationthesisandnowIfeelI______agoodrest.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.deserveB.preserveC.conceiveD.receive11.單選題Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatwillallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory.Thisistrueregardlessofage.Peoplewillbealertandreceptiveiftheyarefacedwithinformationthatgetsthemtothinkaboutthingstheyareinterestedin.Andsomeonewithahistoryofdoingmorethanlesswillgointooldagemorecognitivelysoundthansomeonewhohasnothadanactivemind.Manyexpertsaresoconvincedofthebenefitsofchallengingthebrainthattheyareputtingthetheorytoworkintheirownlives.“Theideaisnotnecessarytolearntomemorizeenormousamountsofinformation,”saysJamesFozard,associatedirectorofthenationalInstituteonAging.“Mostofusdon’tneedthatkindofskill.Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmetalalertness.Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork.GeneCohen,actingdirectorofthesameinstitute,suggeststhatpeopleintheiroldageshouldengageinmentalandphysicalactivitiesindividuallyaswellasingroups.Hesaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage,butolderpeopleneedtokeepmentallyactiveaswell.Thosewhodoaremorelikelytomaintaintheirintellectualabilitiesandtobegenerallyhappierandbetteradjusted.D.“Thepointis,youneedtodoboth,”Cohensays."Intellectualactivityactuallyinfluencesbrain-cellhealthandsize.”1.Peoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthyarethose.2.AccordingtoFozard,peoplecanmaketheirbrainsworkmoreefficientlyby.3.ThefindingsofJamesandotherscientistsintheirwork.4.Olderpeoplearegenerallyadvisedto.5.Thepassageismainlyabout.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.whocanrememberlargeamountsofinformationB.whoarehighlyintelligentC.whosemindsarealertandreceptiveD.whoaregoodatrecognizingdifferentthings問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.constantlydoingmemoryworkB.takingpartinvariousmentalactivitiesC.goingthroughspecifictrainingD.makingfrequentadjustments問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.remaintobefurtherprovedB.havebeenchallengedbymanyotherexpertsC.havebeengenerallyacceptedD.arepracticedbytheresearchersthemselves問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.keepfitbygoinginforphysicalactivitiesB.keepmentallyactivebychallengingtheirbrainsC.maintainmentalalertnessthroughspecifictrainingD.maintainabalancebetweenindividualandgroupactivities問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.howbiochemicalchangesoccurinhumanbrainB.whypeopleshouldkeepactivebothphysicallyandmentallyC.howintellectualactivitiesinfluencehealthD.whypeopleshouldreceivespecialmentaltrainingastheyage12.單選題Attemptstopersuadehertostayaftershefeltinsultedwere

.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.innowayB.onthecontraryC.atalossD.ofnoavail13.單選題

______hisknowledgeandacademicbackground,heisbasicallystupid.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ButforB.AccordingtoC.ForallD.Thanksto14.單選題Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”,thesocialsciencesas“soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.Intermsofourcapacitytosampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.D.Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fighting,andsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,oforevenofearth'sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomesinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.Ifwedefinethe“security”ourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,thenwewouldreversetheorderofhardnessandseethesocialsciencesasthemostsecure,thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure,andagainthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialascomparedwiththerichrecordsofthesocialsystems,oreventhelimitedrecordsofbiologicalsystems.Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatweseedistantthingsastheywerelongago,arelimitedintheextreme.Eveninregardtosuchacloseneighborasthemoon,whichwehaveactuallyvisited,theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.Ourknowledgeofphysicalevolutionisincompleteandhighlyinsecure.1.Theauthorbelievesthatourknowledgeofsocialsystemsismoresecurethanthatofphysicalsystemsbecause______.2.Thechancesofthephysicalsciencesbeingsubjecttogreatchangesarethebiggestbecause______.3.Weknowlessabouttheastronomicaluniversethanwedoaboutanysocialsystembecause______.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliableB.itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdataC.newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciencesD.itisnotbasedonpersonalexperience問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.newinformationisconstantlycominginB.ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurateC.thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredictD.contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetime問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevariedB.ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecureC.onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobservedD.fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy15.單選題Thesedays,Jennyhasconsumedalotandhasawhole

ofbillswaitingtobepaid.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.stackB.pileC.numberD.sequence16.單選題______Iadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon’tthinkthattheycannotbesolved.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.WhileB.UnlessC.AsD.Since17.單選題Designofallthenewtoolsandimplementsisbasedoncarefulexperimentswithelectronicinstruments.First,ahuman“guineapig”istestedusingaregulartool.Measurementsaretakenoftheamountofworkdone,andthebuildupofheatinthebody.Twistedjointsandstretchedmusclescannotperformaswell,ithasbeenfound,asjointsandmusclesintheirnormalpositions.Thesamepersonisthentestedagain,usingatooldesignedaccordingtothesuggestionsmadebyDr.Tichauer.Allthesetestshaveshownthegreatimprovementofthenewdesignsovertheold.OneoftheelectronicinstrumentsusedbyDr.Tichauer,themyograph,makesvisiblethroughelectricalsignalstheworkdonebyhumanmuscle.Anothermachinemeasuresanydangerousfeaturesoftools,thusprovinginformationuponwhichtobaseanewdesign.Oneconclusionoftestsmadewiththismachineisthatatripodstepladderismorestableandsafertousethanonewithfourlegs.Thisworkhasattractedtheattentionofefficiencyexpertsandtime-and-motion-studyengineer,butitsvaluegoesfarbeyondthat.Dr.Tichauer’sfirstthoughtisforthehealthofthetooluser.Withtherepeateduseofthesametoolalldaylongonproductionlinesandinotherjobs,evenlightmanualworkcanputaheavystressononesmallareaofthebody.Intime,suchstresscancauseadisablingdisease.Furthermore,musclefatigueisaserioussafetyhazard.Efficiencyistheby-productofcomfort,Dr.Tichauerbelieves,andhisnewdesignsfortraditionaltoolshaveprovedhispoint.1.Whatareinvolvedinthedesignofanewtoolaccordingtothepassage?2.Fromthepassageweknowthatjointsandmusclesperformbestwhen.3.A“myograph”(Para.A.2,Line1)isanelectronicinstrumentthat.4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.5.Dr.Tichauerstartedhisexperimentsinitiallyto.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ElectronicinstrumentsandaregulartoolB.Ahuman“guineapig”andaregulartoolC.Electronicinstrumentsandahuman“guineapig”D.Electronicinstruments,ahuman“guineapig”andaregulartool問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.theyaretwistedandstretchedB.theyareintheirnormalpositionsC.theyaretestedwithahuman“guineapig”D.theyaretestedwithelectronicinstruments問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.isabletodesignnewtoolsB.measurestheamountofenergyusedC.enablepeopletoseethemuscularmovementsD.visualizeselectricalsignals問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.astepladderusedtohavefourlegsB.itisdangeroustousetoolsC.atripodissaferinatooldesignD.workersaresaferonproductionlines問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.improveefficiencyB.increaseproductionC.reduceworkloadD.improvecomfort18.單選題Thefamousscientist

hissuccesstohardwork.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ascribedB.grantedC.impartedD.acknowledged19.單選題Anotherimportantissue

thenewrepublicistheproblemoftheeducationofitscitizens.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.confiningB.confrontingC.facingD.conforming20.填空題TheFoodandDrugAdministrationonFridayproposedtwoimportantrules_1_atpreventingthecontaminationofproduceandprocessedfoods.The_2_rulerepresentaseachangeinthewaytheagencypolicesfood,aprocessthatcurrently_3_takingactionaftercontaminationhasbeenidentified.Changesincluderequirementsforbetterrecordkeeping,contingency（應(yīng)急的）plansforhandlingoutbreaksandmeasuresthatwouldpreventthespreadofcontaminationinthefirstplace.Whilefoodproducerswouldhavelatitudein4howtoexecutetherules,farmerswouldhavetoensurethatwaterusedinirrigationmeetcertainstandardsandfood_5_needtofindwaystokeepfreshthatmaycontainbacteriafromcominginto_6_withfoodthathasbeencooked.Newsafetymeasuresmightincluderequiringthatfarmworkerswashtheirhands,_7__portabletoiletsinfieldsandensuringthatfoodsshouldbecookedattemperatureshighenoughtokillbacteria.Whetherconsumerswill_8_bearsomeoftheexpensesofthenewruleswasunclear,theagencyestimatedthattheproposalswouldcostfoodproducerstensofthousandsofdollarsayear.PresidentObamarequested$220millioninhis2013_9_,butDr.MargaretHamburg,commissioneroftheF.D.A,said“resourcesremainanongoingconcern.”Nonetheless,agencyofficialswere_10_thatthenewruleswouldprotectconsumersbetter.21.翻譯題世界發(fā)展還很不平衡、貧窮和饑荒仍然在一些落后地區(qū)肆虐。環(huán)境污染、毒品走私、跨國(guó)犯罪、嚴(yán)重傳染性疾病等跨國(guó)問(wèn)題日益突出。人類實(shí)現(xiàn)和平和共同發(fā)展的理想還任重道遠(yuǎn)。22.單選題Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filledpain-freelifeequalstohappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattainingrealhappiness.Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappinessthenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.Butinfact,theoppositeistrue;moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.Asaresult,manypeopleavoidtheveryattemptsthatarethesourceoftruehappiness.Theyfearthepaininevitablybroughtbysuchthingsasmarriage,raisingchildren,professionalachievement,religiouscommitment,andself-improvement.Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifheishonesthewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment,forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventure,excitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon'tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.Butcoupleswhodecidenottohavechildrenwillneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowinguporofplayingwithagrandchild.Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizations.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyinganewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthosewhoarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.1.Accordingtotheauthor,abachelorresistsmarriagechieflybecause.2.Raisingchildren,intheauthor’sopinion,is.3.Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthatenvysometimesstemsfrom.4.Tounderstandwhattruehappinessis,onemust.5.Whatistheauthortryingtotellus?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.heisreluctanttotakeonfamilyresponsibilitiesB.hebelievesthatlifewillbemorecheerfultoremainsingleC.hefindsmorefunindatingthaninmarriageD.hefearsitwillputanendtoallhisfunadventureandexcitement問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.amoraldutyB.arewardingtaskC.athanklessjobD.asourceofinevitablepain問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.hatredB.misunderstandingC.prejudiceD.ignorance問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.haveasmuchfunaspossibleduringone’slifetimeB.makeeveryefforttoliberateoneselffrompainC.putupwithpainunderallcircumstancesD.beabletodistinguishhappinessfromfun問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.iItispainthatleadstohappinessB.OnemustknowhowtoattainhappinessC.ItisimportanttomakecommitmentsD.Happinessoftengoeshandinhandwithpain23.單選題Themost

technologicalsuccessinthetwentiethcenturyisprobablythecomputerrevolution.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.prominentB.prosperousC.productiveD.prevalent24.單選題TheUnitedStatesconsistsoffiftystates,

hasitsowngovernment.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.eachofthemB.theyeachC.whichD.eachofwhich25.單選題ByaboutA.D.D.500theMoundBuilder(筑堤人)culturewasdeclining,perhapsbecauseofattacksfromothertribesorperhapsbecauseofsevereclimaticchangesthatunderminedagriculture.Tothewest,anotherculture,basedonintensiveagriculture,wasbeginningtoflourish.Itscenterwasbeneathpresent-daySt.Louis,anditradiatedouttoencompassmostoftheMississippiwatershed,fromWisconsintoLouisianaandfromOklahomatoTennessee.Thousandsofvillageswereincludedinitsorbit.ByaboutA.D.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes.LiketheMoundBuildersoftheOhioregion,thesetribes,probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandwarfare,builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces.Thelargestofthem,risinginfourterracestoaheightofonehundredfeet,hasarectangularbaseofnearlyfifteenacres,largerthanthatoftheGreatPyramidofEgypt.BuiltbetweenA.D.D.900and1100thishugeearthworkfacesthesiteofapalisadedIndiancitywhichcontainedmorethanonehundredsmallartificialmoundsmarkingburialsites.Spreadamongthemwasavastsettlementcontainingsome30,000peoplebycurrentestimations.ThefinelycraftedornamentsandtoolsrecoveredatCahokia,asthiscenterofMississippiancultureiscalled,includeelaborateceramics,finelysculptedstonework,carefullyembossedandengravedcopperandmicasheets,andonefuneralblanketfashionedfrom12,000shellbeads.TheyindicatethatCahokiawasatrueurbancenter,withclusteredhousing,markets,andspecialistsintool-making,，hide-dressing,potting,jewelry-making,weaving,andsaltmaking.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?2.Theparagraphprecedingthisonemostprobablydiscussed.3.InrelationtotheMississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculturewaslocated.4.TheMississippiancultureinfluencedthecultureofthe.5.Accordingtothepassage,themoundswereusedas.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.TheMississippiancultureB.ThedeclineofMoundBuildercultureC.ThearchitectureofMeso-AmericanIndiansD.Theeasternwoodlandstribes問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.theMoundBuildercultureB.warfareinAD500C.thegeographyoftheMississippiareaD.agricultureneartheMississippiRiver問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.inessentiallythesameareaB.farthersouthalongthewatershedCC.totheeastD.tothewest問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.easternwoodlandtribesB.MoundBuildersC.Meso-AmericansD.Egyptians問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.palacesfortheroyalfamiliesB.fortressesfordefenseC.centersforconductingtradeD.placesforburyingthedead第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】Withthetremendouschangesofhumansocietyandtheinternationalrelations,theUnitedNationshavealsoexperiencedextraordinaryprocessaftersundrytests.Althoughconstantregionalchaosstillexist,oftenconflicted,countriespaymoreattentiontoresolvedisputesthroughnegotiations.2.【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。referto“參考，涉及”；defend“辯護(hù)；防護(hù)”；plead“借口”；persistin“堅(jiān)持；固執(zhí)于”。句意：你不能拿無(wú)知當(dāng)借口；你本就應(yīng)該知道發(fā)生了什么事情。3.【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。shouldhavedone表示“本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)做”。句意：我上周沒(méi)有提交申請(qǐng)表格，這本是我應(yīng)該去做的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。4.【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。potential“潛在的，可能的”；theoretical“理論的；理論上的”；definite“一定的，確切的”；alternative“供選擇的；選擇性的”。句意：也許令人驚訝的是，對(duì)出國(guó)旅游的游客來(lái)說(shuō)，最大的潛在健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)實(shí)際上是道路交通事故。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。5.【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。raise“提高”；loosen“放松；松開(kāi)”；liven“使高興”，livenup“使……有生氣”；inspire“激發(fā)，鼓舞”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞alecture，可知是livenup符合題意。句意：我認(rèn)為一兩個(gè)笑話可以使課堂更有生氣。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。6.【答案】D【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。Before“以前，過(guò)去”；preliminarily“初步地”；formally“正式地”；formerly“以前，原來(lái)”。句意：那個(gè)女人之前是店員；現(xiàn)在成了一家超市的經(jīng)理。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。7.【答案】Thehistoricalcourseofman’slifeisjustlikeajourney.Atraveleronalongjourneypassesthroughnowabroad,levelplain,nowarugged,hazardousroad.Whileadeterminedtravelercheerfullycontinueshisjourneyuponreachingasafeandsmoothplace,hefindsitstillmorefascinatingtocometoaruggedplace,theenormouslymagnificentspectacleofwhich,hefeels,isbetterabletogenerateinhimawonderfulsensationofadventure.8.【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。remind“提醒，使想起”；perceive“理解，認(rèn)知”；mark“標(biāo)志”；note“注意；記錄”。句意：要認(rèn)識(shí)到一點(diǎn)：作為個(gè)體，有天賦的學(xué)生被賦予了某些特性，這些特性代表著他們生命中潛在的成功。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。9.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。primitive“原始的”；expired“過(guò)期的，失效的”；ragged“粗糙的”；obsolete“淘汰的；廢棄的；過(guò)時(shí)的”。句意：由于新技術(shù)的迅速出現(xiàn)，計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)備可能很快就會(huì)過(guò)時(shí)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。10.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deserve“應(yīng)受，值得”；preserve“保存，保護(hù)”；conceive“設(shè)想，考慮”；receive“接收，接待”。句意：我已經(jīng)連續(xù)五個(gè)周末在寫畢業(yè)論文了，現(xiàn)在我感覺(jué)我應(yīng)該好好休息一下。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。11.【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:D第4題:A第5題:B【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段提到當(dāng)人們動(dòng)腦筋的時(shí)候大腦會(huì)發(fā)生變化，使其在注意力和記憶等認(rèn)知區(qū)域更有效地發(fā)揮作用（Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatwillallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory），由此可知有善于動(dòng)腦的人認(rèn)知上更健康，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段提到了Fozard的觀點(diǎn)，他認(rèn)為普通人沒(méi)有必要去做大量的記憶訓(xùn)練，只要讓思維保持警覺(jué)就可以（Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmetalalertness），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段最后一句話提到Fozard和其他人用不同的精神心理技能來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)自己的大腦（Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句話Hesaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage…可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。5.主旨大意題。文章第一二段提到研究人員證實(shí)當(dāng)人們動(dòng)腦筋時(shí)，會(huì)使得注意力和記憶等認(rèn)知區(qū)域更有效地發(fā)揮作用；第三四段提到幾位研究人員對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，并且建議隨著年紀(jì)增長(zhǎng)，身體和精神都應(yīng)該得到鍛煉，因此選項(xiàng)B“為什么人們應(yīng)該在身體和精神上都保持活躍”符合題意。12.【答案】D【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。innoway“絕不”；onthecontrary“相反”；ataloss“虧本地”；ofnoavail“無(wú)效，不起作用”。句意：在她遭受羞辱后要她留下來(lái)是徒勞無(wú)功的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。13.【答案】C【解析】考查詞組辨析。butfor“要不是；如果沒(méi)有”；accordingto“根據(jù)，依據(jù)”；forall“盡管，雖然”；thanksto“由于，幸虧”。句意：盡管他知識(shí)淵博，也受過(guò)教育，但本質(zhì)上是愚蠢的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。14.【答案】第1題:A第2題:D第3題:D【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章第一段提到盡管我們對(duì)社會(huì)制度的認(rèn)識(shí)在許多方面不準(zhǔn)確，但也不太可能被新的發(fā)現(xiàn)徹底推翻（Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries），由此可知選項(xiàng)A“關(guān)于社會(huì)制度的記錄更為可靠”符合題意。2.推理判斷題。文章第二段第一句話提到我們對(duì)于天文宇宙（屬于自然科學(xué)）甚至地球地質(zhì)歷史的圖像形象都很容易發(fā)生受到革命性的變化，因?yàn)闀?huì)不斷有新的數(shù)據(jù)和理論出現(xiàn)來(lái)推翻之前的理論（Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,oforevenofearth'sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomesinandnewtheoriesareworkedout），由此可知自然科學(xué)之所以不斷變化是因?yàn)闀r(shí)刻有不同的理論出現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。3.推理判斷題。文章第二段倒數(shù)第一句話提到人類對(duì)于天文宇宙的記錄是非常有限的（Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatweseedistantthingsastheywerelongago,arelimitedintheextreme），所以人們對(duì)天文宇宙的了解很少。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。15.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。astackofbills“一堆賬單”。句意：這些天，珍妮買了很多東西，有大堆賬單等著支付。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。16.【答案】A【解析】考查連詞的用法。句意：盡管我承認(rèn)有問(wèn)題，但我不認(rèn)為它們不可解決。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。17.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:C第4題:A第5題:D【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段前面兩句Designofallthenewtoolsandimplementsisbasedoncarefulexperimentswithelectronicinstruments.First,ahuman“guineapig”istestedusingaregulartool可知做該實(shí)驗(yàn)涉及到了electronicinstruments,ahuman“guineapig”和aregulartool，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第四句話Twistedjointsandstretchedmusclescannotperformaswell,ithasbeenfound,asjointsandmusclesintheirnormalpositions可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容themyograph,makesvisiblethroughelectricalsignalstheworkdonebyhumanmuscle可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意。4.推理判斷題。文章第三段第二句提到用新機(jī)器做實(shí)驗(yàn)的一個(gè)結(jié)論是，三腳架的活梯比四腳活梯用起來(lái)更穩(wěn)定、更安全（Oneconclusionoftestsmadewiththismachineisthatatripodstepladderismorestableandsafertousethanonewithfourlegs），由此可知以前的梯子都是四腳的，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。5.推理判斷題。文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句提到Dr.Tichauer最初的想法是為了工具使用者的健康（Dr.Tichauer’sfirstthoughtisforthehealthofthetooluser），隨后提到使用新機(jī)器可以減少人的壓力，由此可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。18.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。ascribe“歸因于”，一般與to搭配，ascribeto“把……歸于”；grant“（合法地）授予”；impart“告知”；acknowledge“承認(rèn)，確認(rèn)”。句意：這位著名的科學(xué)家將其成功歸功于努力。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。19.【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。confine“限制，禁閉”；confront“面對(duì)，遭遇”；face“面對(duì)”；conform“遵照，符合”。句意：新共和國(guó)面臨的一個(gè)重要問(wèn)題是公民的教育。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。20.【答案】1.A2.N3.H4.F5.M6.D7.G8.O9.C10.I【解析】1.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析空格處填入動(dòng)詞。句意為：美國(guó)食品和藥物管理局在周五提出了兩項(xiàng)重要規(guī)定，__防止生產(chǎn)和加工食品的污染。從選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞可以判斷aim針對(duì)、目的在于符合句意，aimat為固定搭配。2.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析空格處填入形容詞。由上文內(nèi)容“proposedtwoimportantrules”可判斷空格部分“The__rule”。從選項(xiàng)中的形容詞可以判斷proposed被提議的、建議的符合句意。3.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析空格處填入動(dòng)詞。句意為：這項(xiàng)規(guī)定標(biāo)志著該機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)管食品的方式發(fā)生了巨大變化，目前這一過(guò)程__在確定污染后采取行動(dòng)。從選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞可以判斷involve包含符合句意，involvedoingsth包含。4.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析空格處填入動(dòng)詞。句意為：食品生產(chǎn)商可以自由__如何執(zhí)行這些規(guī)定。從選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞可以判斷determine決定符合句意。5.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析空格處填入名詞。由上文內(nèi)容“Whilefoodproducerswouldhave……”可判斷空格部分“food__”。句意為：食品__需要找到保持新鮮的方法。從選項(xiàng)中的名詞可以判斷producers生產(chǎn)者、制造者符合句意。6.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析空格處填入動(dòng)詞。句意為：食品生產(chǎn)商需要找到保持新鮮的方法，防止可能含有細(xì)菌的食品__煮熟的食品。從選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞可以判斷contact接觸符合題意，comeintocontactwith和……接觸、接觸到。7.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析空格處填入動(dòng)詞。句意為：新的安全措施可能包括要求農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人洗手，在田地里__便攜的洗手間，確保食物在足夠高的溫度下烹飪以殺死細(xì)菌。從選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞可以判斷install安裝符合句意。8.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分析空格處填入副詞。句意為：消費(fèi)者_(dá)_是否