2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-江西師范大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-江西師范大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.翻譯題Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.WriteyourEnglishversiononAnswerSheet.(10%)充分發(fā)揮個(gè)體、私營(yíng)等非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、擴(kuò)大就業(yè)和活躍市場(chǎng)等方面的重要作用。放寬國(guó)內(nèi)民間資本的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入領(lǐng)域，在投融資、稅收、土地使用和對(duì)外貿(mào)易等方面采取措施，實(shí)現(xiàn)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。依法加強(qiáng)監(jiān)督和管理，促進(jìn)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展，完善保護(hù)私人財(cái)產(chǎn)的法律制度。2.單選題Fivescoreyearsago,agreatAmerican,______symbolicshadowwestand,signedtheEmancipationProclamation.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.withhisB.byhimC.inwhoseD.ofwhom3.單選題

Isthereanypossible______explanationforhisbadhealthsinceheseemstohavenoobviousdisease?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.psychiatricB.psychologicalC.surgicalD.physical4.翻譯題人們現(xiàn)在感到不滿意，不是因?yàn)槭虑楸纫酝悖且驗(yàn)楸纫酝魏螘r(shí)候都好。以婚姻為例，在加利福尼亞，十對(duì)夫婦中有約六對(duì)離婚——在一些較富裕的社區(qū)這個(gè)比例還要高一些。必須承認(rèn)，這些數(shù)字反映出許多不滿。但人們從未像現(xiàn)在這樣渴望和歡迎婚姻。的確，婚姻是如此地引人入勝，連很多正在辦離婚的人幾乎等不及法律許可，就想再度結(jié)婚了。5.單選題Yousaidthebookswereontheshelf,but______there.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.therewasnooneB.therewerenoneC.therewerenoonesD.wasnone6.單選題Whenhewasindanger,nobodycametohis____.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.helpB.safetyC.assistD.rescue7.單選題IfIseethetwinbrothersapartIdon’tknow______.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.whoiswhoB.whoiswhomC.whichiswhichD.whoiswhich8.單選題HarvardUniversityandMITare______thefourthandfifthlargestemployersinthearea.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.representativelyB.respectivelyC.respectablyD.respectfully9.翻譯題Employersneedtobetterunderstandpeoplewhoaredisabled.MostofustakeoffenceattheassumptionthatcollectingSocialSecurityIncomecanprovideuseverythingweneed.Unemploymentishumiliatingandawfullyboring,andthere’snomeaningthere.Excludingsomeonebecauseheorshehasadisabilitythatdoesnotaffectperformanceisequivalenttowrongssuchashiringbasedonrace.Everyonedeservestohavetheopportunitytodoagoodjob,andasaresulthaveasenseofprideinbeingapartofsociety.10.單選題John’soutstandingperformanceinthecompetitionprovedthathewasa______winner.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.worthwhileB.worthyC.worthD.worthless11.單選題Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe“fit”insociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydaylives,wementallyattempttoplacepeopleintermsoftheirstatuses.Forexample,wemustjudgewhetherthepersoninthelibraryisareaderoralibrarian,whetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesman,whethertheunfamiliarpersononourpropertyisathieforameterreader,andsoon.Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounterandchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,atveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatusesandallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsomeofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothers,mostofusperformitrathereffortlessly.Astatushasbeencomparedtoready-madeclothes.Withincertainlimitsthebuyerchoosestyleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyfit,aswellasbyourpocketbook.Havingmadeachoicefromminoradjustments,wetendtobelimitedtowhatthestoreschoiceamongthemislimited.41.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertellsusthatstatusescanhelpus______.42.Accordingtothewriter,peopleoftenassumedifferentstatuses______.43.Theword“appraisal”mostprobablymeans______.44.Accordingtothelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thepronoun“it”refersto“______”.45.Bysayingthat“anAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince”,thewritermeans______.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.determinewhetherapersonisfitforacertainjobB.behaveappropriatelyinrelationtootherpeopleC.protectourselvesinunfamiliarsituationsD.makefriendswithotherpeople問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.inordertoidentifythemselveswithothersB.inordertobetteridentifyothersC.astheirmentalprocesseschangeD.asthesituationchanges問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.involvementB.appreciationC.assessmentD.presentation問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.fittingouractionstothoseofotherpeopleappropriatelyB.identificationofotherpeople’sstatusesC.selectingone’sownstatusesD.constantmentalprocess問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.differentpeoplehavedifferentstylesofclothesB.ready-madeclothesmayneedalterationsC.statusescomereadymadejustlikeclothesD.ourchoiceofstatusesislimited12.單選題Patrickhasneverlearnedaforeignlanguage,______.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.nordoeshethinkhehastoB.neitherhethinkshehastoC.hethinkshehasnotto,eitherD.hedoesn’tthinkhehasto13.單選題Theteacherlaidalotof____onpractice.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.attentionB.focusC.emphasisD.word14.翻譯題Directingtheunionaretechnologicaladvancesthathavemadeiteasiertostoreandrapidlytransmitinformationintohomesandoffices.Fiber-opticcable,forexample—madeupofhair-thinglassfibers—isatremendouslyefficientcarrierofinformation.Lasersshootinglightthroughglassfibercantransmit250,000timesasmuchdataasastandardtelephonewire,ortensofthousandsofparagraphssuchasthisoneeverysecond.Thegreatlyincreasedvolumeandspeedofdatatransmissionthatthesetechnologiespermitcanbecomparedtothewayinwhichahighwaywithmanylanesallowsmorecarstomoveatfasterspeedsthanatwo-lanehighway—hence,theinformationsuperhighway.15.單選題

Ideemthegirlwasinbadhealthbecausethehandshakewithherwasso______.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.limpB.lameC.softD.strong16.單選題

Thegirlinthephotowearsabroadsmile,herwavyhair______overhershoulders.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.flowsB.flowC.flowingD.flowed17.單選題Englandisexperiencingitshardestwinterforyears,someareas______undersixfeetfornearlytwomonths.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.werelyingB.werelaidC.havinglaidD.havinglain18.單選題Indeed,almosteveryscientistnowfindsitisimpossibletoreadalltheworksrelevanttohisownsubject,______extensivelyoutsideofit.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.muchmoretoreadB.muchlesstoreadC.muchlessreadingD.stillmorereading19.單選題Everyprofessionortrade,everyart,andeverysciencehaditstechnicalvocabulary,thefunctionofwhichispartlytodesignatethingsorprocesseswhichhavenonamesinordinaryEnglish,andpartlytosecuregreaterexactnessinsystemofnaming.Suchspecialdialects,orjargons,arenecessaryintechnicaldiscussionofanykind.Beinguniversallyunderstoodbythedevoteesoftheparticularscienceorart,theyhavetheprecisionofamathematicalformula.Besides,theysavetime,foritismuchmoreeconomicaltonameaprocessthantodescribeit.Thousandsofthesetechnicaltermsareveryproperlyincludedineverylargedictionary,yet,asawhole,theyareratherontheoutskirtsoftheEnglishlanguagethanactuallywithinitsborders.Differentoccupations,however,differwidelyinthecharacteroftheirspecialvocabularies.Intradesandhandicraftsandothervocations,suchasfarmingandfishing,thathaveoccupiedgreatnumbersofmenfromremotetimes,thetechnicalvocabularyisveryold.Itconsistslargelyofnativewords,orofborrowedwordsthathaveworkedthemselvesintotheveryfiberofourlanguage.Hence,thoughhighlytechnicalinmanyparticulars,thesevocabulariesaremorefamiliarinsound,andmoregenerallyunderstood,thanmostothertechnicalities.Thespecialdialectsoflaw,medicine,divinity(神性)andphilosophyhavealso,intheirolderstrata(階層),becomeprettyfamiliartocultivatedpersons,andhavecontributedmuchtothepopularvocabulary.Yet,everyvocationstillpossessesalargebodyoftechnicaltermsthatremainessentiallyforeign,eventoeducatedspeech.Andtheproportionhasbeenmuchincreasedinthelastfiftyyears,particularlyinthevariousdepartmentsofnaturalandpoliticalscienceandinthemechanicarts.Herenewtermsarecoinedwiththegreatestfreedom,andabandonedwithindifferencewhentheyhaveservedtheirturn.Mostofthenewcoinagesareconfinedtospecialdiscussionsandseldomgetintogeneralliteratureorconversation.Yet,noprofessionisnowadays,asallprofessionsoncewere,aclosedguild(行會(huì)).Thelawyer,thephysician,themanofscience,andtheclericassociatesfreelywithhisfellowcreatures,anddoesnotmeettheminamerelyprofessionalway.Furthermore,whatiscalledpopularsciencemakeseverybodyacquaintedwithmodernviewsandrecentdiscoveries.Anyimportantexperiment,thoughmadeinaremoteorprovinciallaboratory,isatoncereportedinthenewspapers,andeverybodyissoontalkingaboutit—asinthecaseoftheRoentgenraysandwirelesstelegraphy.Thus,ourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.16.Theauthor’smainpurposeinthepassageisto_____.17.Whentheauthorreferstoprofessionsasnolongerbeing“closedguilds”,hemeansthat_____.18.Iftheauthorofthepassagewishedtostudyanewfield,hewouldprobably_____.19.Thewriterofthisarticlewasprobablya_____.20.Itseemsthatthepassageimpliesthat_____.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.describeaphenomenonB.argueabeliefC.proposeasolutionD.stimulateaction問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.itismucheasiertobecomeaprofessionaltodaythanitwasinthepastB.thereismoresocialintercoursebetweenprofessionalsandothersC.popularsciencehastoldtheirsecretstotheworldD.anyonecannowunderstandanythinginaprofession問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.callinadictionaryexpertB.looktothehistoriesofthewordsinthenewfieldC.paycarefulattentiontothenewfield’stechnicalvocabularyD.learnhowtocoinnewjargoninthefield問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.linguistB.scientistC.politicianD.physician問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.theEnglishlanguageisalwaysbecominglargerandlargerB.thewordsoftheEnglishlanguagearealwayschangingC.onecanneverbesureofwhatawordmeanswithoutconsultinganexpertD.technicaltermsinmostnon-scientificfieldshavelittlechanceofbecomingpartofthemainbodyofthelanguageinthesescientificdays20.翻譯題II.(本題3段，每段10分)HumanisticpsychologyHumanisticpsychologistsbelievethatbehavioristsareover-concernedwiththescientificstudyandanalysisoftheactionsofmanasanorganism,totheneglectofbasicaspectsofmanasafeeling,thinkingindividual,andthattoomucheffortisspentinlaboratoryresearch,whichquantifiesandreduceshumanbehaviortoitselements.Humanistsalsotakeissuewiththedeterministicorientationofpsychoanalysis,whichpostulatesthatman’searlyexperiencesanddrivesdeterminehisbehavior.Humaniststendtobelievethattheindividualisresponsibleforhislifeandactionsandmaytimecreativelychangehisattitudesorbehaviorthroughawarenessandwill.Thehumanistisconcernedwiththefullestgrowthoftheindividualintheareasoflove,fulfillment,self-worth,andautonomy;maturationisconsideredaprocessduringwhichoneestablishesandfollowsone’ssystemofvalues.ExperimentmethodTheexperimentisaresearchinwhichtheinvestigatormanipulatesavariablecarefullycontrolledconditionsandobserveswhetheranychangesoccurinasecondvariableasaresult.Thus,thepurposeofanexperimentistofindouthowonevariable,let’scallitX,affectsanothervariable,whichwe’llcallY.Inthisformulation,werefertoXastheindependentvariabletoYasthedependentvariable.Anindependentvariableisaconditionoreventthatanexperimentervariesinordertoseeitsimpactonanothervariable.Agoodshortcutforsortingouttheindependentvariablesinexperimentsistofitthevariablesintotheequation“HowXaffectsY.”IntelligenceIntelligencereferstocognitiveabilitiesofanindividualtolearnfromexperience,toreasonwell,andtocopeeffectivelywiththedemandsofdailyliving.Inshort,intelligencehastodowithhowwellapersonisabletousecognitionincopingwiththeworld.Thetermintelligencewasnotinwidespreaduseuntilitwaspopularizedinthelate1800sbythewritingsofSirFrancisGalton.GaltonwasacousinofCharlesDarwin,thescientistcreditedfordevelopingthetheoryofevolutionbasedonnaturalselectionofinheritedcharacteristics.Galtonbelievedthatintellectualabilitywasinherited,andhetriedunsuccessfullytodevelopanintelligencetesttouseinhisresearch.Althoughhewasunsuccessfulinhisownresearch,Galtongavepsychologytheconceptofintelligence.21.單選題Intoday’smedical,littleagreementexistsonthe______fordefiningmentalillness.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.legislationB.requirementC.criteriaD.measures22.單選題Fishingaddsonlyabout1percenttotheglobaleconomy,butonaregionalbasisitcancontributeenormouslytohumansurvival.Marinefisheriescontributemoretotheworld’ssupplyofproteinthanbeef,poultryoranyotheranimalsource.Fishingtypicallydoesnotrequirelandownership,andbecauseitremains,ingeneralopentoall,itisoftentheemployeroflastresortinthedevelopingworld—anoccupationwhentherearenootheroptions.Worldwide,about200millionpeopledependonfishingfortheirlivelihoods.WithinSoutheastAsiaalone,morethanfivemillionpeoplefishfull-time.InnorthernChile40percentofthepopulationlivesofftheocean.InNewfoundlandmostemploymentcamefromfishingorservicingthatindustry—untilthecollapseofthecodfisheriesintheearly1990slefttensofthousandsofpeopleoutofwork.Althoughdebatesovertheconservationofnaturalresourcesareoftencastasaconflictbetweenjobsandtheenvironment,therestorationoffishpopulationswouldinfactboostemployment.MichaelP.SissenwineandAndrewA.RosenbergoftheU.S.NationalMarineFisheriesServicehaveestimatedthatifdepletedspecieswereallowedtorebuildtotheirlong-termpotential,theirsustainableusewouldaddabout$8billiontotheU.S.grossnationalproduct—andprovidesome300,000jobs.Iffishpopulationswererestoredandproperlymanaged,about20millionmetrictonscouldbeaddedtotheworld’sannualcatch.Butrestorationofecologicalbalance,fiscalprofitabilityandeconomicsecuritywillrequireasubstantialreductioninthecapacityofthecommercialfishingindustrysothatwildpopulationscanrecover.Thenecessaryreductioninfishingpowerneednotcomeattheexpenseofjobs.Governmentcouldincreaseemploymentandreducethepressureonfishpopulationsbydirectingsubsidiesawayfromhighlymechanizedships.Foreach$1millionofinvestment,industrial-scalefishingoperationsrequireonlyonetofivepeople,whereassmall-scalefisherieswouldemploybetween60to3,000.Industrialfishingitselfthreatenstensofmillionsoffishermenworkingonasmallscalebydepletingthefishonwhichtheydependforsubsistence.1.Theanimalsourcewhichsuppliesthemostproteinforhumanbeingis.2.Paragraph2impliesthat.3.Intheconflictbetweenjobsandtheenvironment,theauthortakessideswiththosewhoareinfavorof.4.Thebalancebetweenjobsandtheemploymentcanbekeptif.5.Thepassagesuggeststhatmakinglessuseofmoderntechnologymay.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.beefB.fishC.porkD.chicken問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.mostofmen’semploymentisfromfishingB.mancanalwaysturntofishingforemploymentC.fortypercentofChileansliveonfishingboatsorshipsD.fishinghasbeenthebiggestindustryinNewfoundland問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.increasingtheannualcatchB.creatingmorejobsC.gettinggreaterfiscalprofitabilityD.conservingnaturalresources問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.fishingcapacityisfurtherincreasedB.fishingjobsarefurtherincreasedC.fewerwell-equippedfishingshipsareusedD.fewerspeciesareallowedtorebuild問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.reducepressureonfishpopulationsB.threatentheworld’sannualcatchC.increasegovernment’sinvestmentD.costtensofthousandsoffishermen’sjobs23.翻譯題洗手的時(shí)候，日子從水盆里過(guò)去；吃飯的時(shí)候，日子從飯碗里過(guò)去；默默時(shí)，便從凝然的雙眼前過(guò)去。我覺(jué)察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽時(shí)，他又從遮挽著的手邊過(guò)去，天黑時(shí)，我躺在床上，他便伶伶俐俐地從我身上跨過(guò)，從我腳邊飛去了。等我睜開眼和太陽(yáng)再見(jiàn)，這算又溜走了一日。24.翻譯題Youthisnotatimeoflifeitisastateofmind.Itisnotamatterofredcheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees.Itisatemperofthewill;aqualityoftheimagination;avigoroftheemotions;itisafreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.Youthmeansatemperamentalpredominanceofcourageovertimidity,oftheappetiteforadventureoveralifeofease.Thisoftenexistsinamanoffifty,morethaninaboyoftwenty.Nobodygrowsoldbymerelylivinganumberofyears;peoplegrowoldbydesertingtheirideals.25.翻譯題II.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishonyourANSWERSHEET.(10%)中國(guó)堅(jiān)持走低消耗、低排放、高效益、高產(chǎn)出的新型工業(yè)化道路，是國(guó)際社會(huì)加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)、應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化、實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展努力的重要組成部分。我們期待得到包括東亞國(guó)家在內(nèi)的國(guó)際社會(huì)的大力支持。中國(guó)將本著“共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任”原則，承擔(dān)應(yīng)有的國(guó)際責(zé)任和義務(wù)。第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】Weshouldgivefullplaytotheimportantroleofthenon-publicsectorofeconomy,includingindividualandprivatesectors,inpromotingeconomygrowth,expandingemploymentandenliveningthemarket.Wewillrelaxmarketaccessfordomesticprivatecapitalandtakemeasuresininvestmentandfinancing,taxation,landuseandforeigntradetoleveltheplayingfield.Wewillstrengthensupervisionandmanagementinaccordancewiththelaw,promotethehealthydevelopmentofthenon-publicsectoroftheeconomy,andimprovethelegalsystemforprotectingprivateproperty.2.【答案】C【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.withhis和他的B.byhim通過(guò)他C.inwhose在誰(shuí)的D.ofwhom誰(shuí)的【考查點(diǎn)】非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法?！窘忸}思路】由句子可知，主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以中間部分是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的agreatAmerican（一位偉大的美國(guó)人），所以空格處的引導(dǎo)詞只能用who,whom或whose，而symbolicshadow（象征的影像）與agreatAmerican（一位偉大的美國(guó)人）是所屬關(guān)系，所以只能用whose。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】A、B選項(xiàng)不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)；D選項(xiàng)關(guān)系代詞whom使用不正確?！揪湟狻吭谝话倌暌郧?，有位偉大的美國(guó)人簽署了奴隸解放宣言，而今天我們正是立足于他所象征的影像下。3.【答案】B【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.psychiatric精神病學(xué)的B.psychological心理的，心理學(xué)的C.surgical外科的，手術(shù)上的D.physical物理的，身體的【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析?！窘忸}思路】由原因狀語(yǔ)從句sinceheseemstohavenoobviousdisease（因?yàn)樗坪鯖](méi)有什么明顯的疾?。┛芍?，沒(méi)有身體方面的疾病，那么推測(cè)，空格處表示“心理方面的原因”。因此，B項(xiàng)正確。【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)都不符合句意。【句意】他的健康狀況不佳有沒(méi)有可能的心理原因，因?yàn)樗坪鯖](méi)有什么明顯的疾病？4.【答案】【參考譯文】Peoplearediscontentedthesedays,notbecausethingsareworsethanever,butbecausethingsarebetterthanever.Takemarriageforexample.InCaliforniathereareaboutsixdivorcesforeverytenmarriages—evenhigherinsomeofthebettercommunities.Onemustadmitthatagooddealofdiscontentisreflectedinthosestatistics.Butmarriagehasneverbeenmorepopularanddesirablethanitisnow;soappealinginfact,thateventhosewhoareintheprocessofdivorcecanscarcelywaitforthelawtoallowthemtomarryagain.5.【答案】B【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.therewasnoone沒(méi)有一個(gè)人B.therewerenone沒(méi)有C.therewerenoones沒(méi)有人D.wasnone沒(méi)有【考查點(diǎn)】不定代詞辨析?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)句意和前面出現(xiàn)的books，可知后面應(yīng)該用none代詞前面的books，故B項(xiàng)正確。【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C選項(xiàng)中的one指人們；D選項(xiàng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。【句意】你說(shuō)書都在書架上，但是那兒一本都沒(méi)有。6.【答案】D【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.help幫助v./n.B.safety安全n.C.assist幫助v.；助攻n.D.rescue救援v./n.【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接【解題思路】由空格前的his可知，空格處所填詞為名詞；原句語(yǔ)義為“當(dāng)他有危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)候，沒(méi)有人來(lái)____他”，根據(jù)語(yǔ)義推測(cè)，有危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)候需要救助，“沒(méi)有人來(lái)救他”語(yǔ)義最貼切；另外，常用搭配cometoone’srescue表示“營(yíng)救某人”。因此，D選項(xiàng)rescue“救援v./n.”符合要求。【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)help“幫助v./n.”，沒(méi)有救助、救援語(yǔ)義貼切；B選項(xiàng)safety“安全n.”，不符合原句語(yǔ)義搭配；C選項(xiàng)assist意義為“幫助”時(shí)，是動(dòng)詞，不符合要求；當(dāng)名詞時(shí)，意義為“助攻”，不符合原句語(yǔ)義搭配。【句意】當(dāng)他有危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)候，沒(méi)有人來(lái)救他。7.【答案】C【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.whoiswho誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)B.whoiswhom誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)C.whichiswhich哪個(gè)是哪個(gè)D.whoiswhich誰(shuí)是哪個(gè)【考查點(diǎn)】習(xí)語(yǔ)用法。【解題思路】由if條件句的意思“如果我把這對(duì)孿生兄弟分開看”，可知Idon’tknow______應(yīng)該表示“我分不清誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)”，而whichiswhich通常用于區(qū)分兩個(gè)十分相似的人或事物。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)表示人們的情況，如姓名、工作、身份等，如WhenIgotothosefamilyreunions,Icanneverrememberwho’swho.（我去參加那些家庭團(tuán)圓聚會(huì)時(shí)，從來(lái)記不住誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)。）；B、D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有這個(gè)用法?！揪湟狻咳绻野堰@對(duì)孿生兄弟分開看，我分不清誰(shuí)是誰(shuí)。8.【答案】B【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.representatively典型地B.respectively分別地，各自地C.respectably相當(dāng)好地，可敬地D.respectfully尊敬地【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析?！窘忸}思路】由空格后面的thefourthandfifthlargestemployers（第四大和第五大雇主）可知，“分別地”符合句子意思。因此，B項(xiàng)正確?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句子意思。【句意】哈佛大學(xué)和麻省理工學(xué)院分別是該地區(qū)第四大和第五大雇主。9.【答案】【參考譯文】雇主需要更好地了解身體有障礙的人。一想到領(lǐng)取社會(huì)保障收入就能提供我們所需要的一切，我們大多數(shù)人都感到很生氣。失業(yè)是恥辱的，而且非常無(wú)聊，沒(méi)有任何意義。一個(gè)人的殘疾并不影響他或她的工作表現(xiàn)，但是卻因?yàn)檫@個(gè)而將他或她排除在外，這是錯(cuò)誤的做法，這種錯(cuò)誤無(wú)異于種族歧視。每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該有機(jī)會(huì)做好工作，并因此對(duì)成為社會(huì)的一份子而感到自豪。10.【答案】B【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.worthwhile重要的，值得的B.worthy值得的，值得尊敬、注意的C.worth值……的D.worthless無(wú)價(jià)值的，不值錢的【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。【解題思路】由outstandingperformance（出色表現(xiàn)）和prove（證明）可知，a______winner中的空格應(yīng)該表示“值得的”。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)表示值得花時(shí)間、金錢、努力等，不符合句意；C項(xiàng)只用作表語(yǔ)，不用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)；D選項(xiàng)不符合句意?！揪湟狻考s翰在比賽中的出色表現(xiàn)證明他是當(dāng)之無(wú)愧的勝利者。11.【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:C第4題:A第5題:D【解析】41.【選項(xiàng)釋義】41.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertellsusthatstatusescanhelpus______.41.在第一段，作者告訴我們，身份可以幫助我們______。A.determinewhetherapersonisfitforacertainjobA.確定一個(gè)人是否適合某一份工作B.behaveappropriatelyinrelationtootherpeopleB.在與他人的關(guān)系中舉止得體C.protectourselvesinunfamiliarsituationsC.在不熟悉的情況下保護(hù)自己D.makefriendswithotherpeopleD.與他人交朋友【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段，第一段的段意是：身份是人類奇妙的發(fā)明，它使我們能夠彼此相處（getalongwithoneanother），幫助人們確定在社會(huì)中所“適合”的位置。日常生活中，我們頭腦里經(jīng)常根據(jù)別人的身份試著判斷別人。例如，我們必須判斷圖書館的這個(gè)人是讀者，還是圖書館管理人員，打來(lái)電話的人是朋友還是推銷商。登門拜訪的不速之客是小偷還是抄表工等等。從中我們可以看出，身份可以幫助我們做出判斷，無(wú)論是對(duì)自己還是對(duì)他人的身份，所以身份可以幫助我們?cè)谂c人交往中做出恰當(dāng)?shù)男袨?。B項(xiàng)符合題意?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“確定一個(gè)人是否適合某一份工作”是確定身份，而不是適合的工作，屬于曲解原文；C選項(xiàng)“在不熟悉的情況下保護(hù)自己”沒(méi)提到，無(wú)中生有；D選項(xiàng)“與他人交朋友”并不全面，以偏概全。42.【選項(xiàng)釋義】42.Accordingtothewriter,peopleoftenassumedifferentstatuses______.42.根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，人們通常會(huì)假設(shè)不同的身份，______。A.inordertoidentifythemselveswithothersA.以與他人認(rèn)同B.inordertobetteridentifyothersB.為了更好地識(shí)別他人C.astheirmentalprocesseschangeC.隨著心理過(guò)程的變化D.asthesituationchangesD.隨著情形的變化【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“我們所假定的身份常常隨著我們遇到的人的不同而變化，并且在一生中不斷變化”，綜合理解可推斷，我們的身份是隨著情形場(chǎng)合的變化而有所不同，所以D項(xiàng)正確?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“以與他人認(rèn)同”沒(méi)提到，無(wú)中生有；B選項(xiàng)“為了更好地識(shí)別他人”中的others應(yīng)該改為status，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；C選項(xiàng)“隨著心理過(guò)程的變化”是“我們的行為符合他人的行為”的基準(zhǔn)，與題干無(wú)關(guān)，張冠李戴。43.【選項(xiàng)釋義】43.Theword“appraisal”mostprobablymeans______.43.appraisal這個(gè)詞的意思很可能是______。A.involvementA.參與B.appreciationB.欣賞C.assessmentC.評(píng)估D.presentationD.展示【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)appraisal定位至第二段倒數(shù)第二句“這意味著，我們的行為符合他人的行為，這是基于一個(gè)持續(xù)的appraisal和解釋的心理過(guò)程”，從aconstantmentalprocess（一個(gè)持續(xù)的心理過(guò)程）可推測(cè)，這里涉及到一個(gè)動(dòng)腦的過(guò)程，而在做出interpretation（解釋，闡述）之前自然需要評(píng)價(jià)或鑒定的環(huán)節(jié)，所以選擇項(xiàng)assessment應(yīng)該是最為接近的詞義，C項(xiàng)正確?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“參與”、B選項(xiàng)“欣賞”、D選項(xiàng)“展示”曲解原文。44.【選項(xiàng)釋義】44.Accordingtothelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thepronoun“it”refersto“______”.44.根據(jù)第二段最后一句，代詞“it”指的是“______”。A.fittingouractionstothoseofotherpeopleappropriatelyA.使我們的行為與他人的行為相適應(yīng)B.identificationofotherpeople’sstatusesB.對(duì)他人身份的認(rèn)同C.selectingone’sownstatusesC.選擇自己的身份D.constantmentalprocessD.持續(xù)的心理過(guò)程【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段最后一句“盡管有些人覺(jué)得這個(gè)任務(wù)（task）比其他人更難，但大多數(shù)人都毫不費(fèi)力地完成了它（it）”，可知it指代的是前面的task，而根據(jù)上一句“這意味著，我們的行為符合他人的行為（thatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeople），這是基于一個(gè)持續(xù)的評(píng)估和解釋的心理過(guò)程”，可看出task指的是上一句中的thatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeople（我們的行為符合他人的行為）。因此，A項(xiàng)正確?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)他人身份的認(rèn)同”、C選項(xiàng)“選擇自己的身份”、D選項(xiàng)“持續(xù)的心理過(guò)程”都指代錯(cuò)誤，曲解原文。45.【選項(xiàng)釋義】45.Bysayingthat“anAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince”,thewritermeans______.45.作者說(shuō)“美國(guó)人不能自由選擇中國(guó)農(nóng)民或印度王子的服裝”，意思是______。A.differentpeoplehavedifferentstylesofclothesA.不同的人有不同風(fēng)格的衣服B.ready-madeclothesmayneedalterationsB.現(xiàn)成的衣服可能需要修改C.statusescomereadymadejustlikeclothesC.身份就像衣服一樣是現(xiàn)成的D.ourchoiceofstatusesislimitedD.我們對(duì)身份的選擇是有限的【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)題干定位至文章最后一段第二句“但是，美國(guó)人并不能自由選擇中國(guó)農(nóng)民或印度王子的服裝”，根據(jù)第一句“身份被比作現(xiàn)成的衣服”，以及最后一句“在做了一些小的調(diào)整后，我們往往被限制在商店的選擇是有限的”，可知，身份就像衣服一樣，可以選擇合適的衣服的商店是有限的，那么綜合理解，“美國(guó)人不能自由選擇中國(guó)農(nóng)民或印度王子的服裝”是說(shuō)明身份的選擇是受限制的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“不同的人有不同風(fēng)格的衣服”和B選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)成的衣服可能需要修改”中的衣服在文中只是一個(gè)比喻，該兩項(xiàng)曲解原文；C選項(xiàng)“身份就像衣服一樣是現(xiàn)成的”不符合原文，曲解原文。12.【答案】A【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.nordoeshethinkhehasto他也不認(rèn)為他有必要B.neitherhethinkshehasto他也不認(rèn)為他有必要C.hethinkshehasnotto,either他認(rèn)為他也沒(méi)必要D.hedoesn’tthinkhehasto他認(rèn)為他沒(méi)必要【考查點(diǎn)】表否定的用法?！窘忸}思路】由never可知，空格前半句表示否定的含義，所以如果后半部分表示“……也一樣”應(yīng)該用nor（也不是……）；且nor也是否定詞，放在句首要部分倒裝，故把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或者助動(dòng)詞提前，A項(xiàng)符合?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】B選項(xiàng)neither表示“兩者中沒(méi)有一個(gè)”，不符合句意，排除；C選項(xiàng)either一般用于肯定句中；D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有連接詞and，不能與前面的主句構(gòu)成一個(gè)句子?！揪湟狻颗撂乩锟藦膩?lái)沒(méi)有學(xué)過(guò)一門外語(yǔ)，他也不認(rèn)為他必須學(xué)。13.【答案】C【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.attention注意B.focus關(guān)注C.emphasis強(qiáng)調(diào)D.word詞語(yǔ)【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配【解題思路】結(jié)合選項(xiàng)推測(cè)，原句語(yǔ)義為“這個(gè)老師非常重視實(shí)踐”，原文使用的表達(dá)為laidalotof____on。C選項(xiàng)emphasis“強(qiáng)調(diào)”符合搭配要求，其常用搭配為put/lay/placeemphasisonsth.“強(qiáng)調(diào)/重視某事”。【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)attention“注意”，常用搭配為pay/draw/attractattentionto，不符合原句搭配；B選項(xiàng)focus“關(guān)注”，常用搭配為thefocusof/onsth.，不符合原句搭配；D選項(xiàng)word“詞語(yǔ)”，不用于原文搭配?！揪湟狻窟@個(gè)老師非常重視實(shí)踐。14.【答案】【參考譯文】引導(dǎo)聯(lián)合的是技術(shù)進(jìn)步，技術(shù)的進(jìn)步使信息更容易存儲(chǔ)和迅速傳輸?shù)郊彝ズ娃k公室。例如，由細(xì)如發(fā)絲的玻璃纖維制成的光纖是一種非常高效的信息載體。通過(guò)玻璃纖維發(fā)的激光可以傳輸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電話線25萬(wàn)倍的數(shù)據(jù)，或者每秒傳輸數(shù)萬(wàn)段這樣的段落。這些技術(shù)極大地增加了數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)牧亢退俣?，可以與多車道高速公路比雙車道高速公路允許更多的汽車以更快的速度移動(dòng)的方式相比較——因此，信息高速公路由此得名。15.【答案】A【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.limp無(wú)生氣的，無(wú)力的B.lame瘸的，沒(méi)說(shuō)服力的C.soft柔軟的D.strong強(qiáng)壯的【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析?！窘忸}思路】由主句“我認(rèn)為這女孩身體不好（inbadhealth）”可推測(cè)，thehandshakewithher（和她的握手）應(yīng)該是“無(wú)力的”。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句子邏輯?！揪湟狻课艺J(rèn)為這女孩身體不好，因?yàn)榕c她的握手很無(wú)力。16.【答案】C【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.flows流動(dòng)，飄垂（單數(shù)形式）B.flow流動(dòng)，飄垂（原形）C.flowing流動(dòng)，飄垂（現(xiàn)在分詞）D.flowed流動(dòng)，飄垂（過(guò)去分詞）【考查點(diǎn)】獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。【解題思路】這個(gè)句子已經(jīng)有主謂賓，所以空格處的動(dòng)詞只能以非謂語(yǔ)的形式出現(xiàn)；而空格處的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致，所以后半部分應(yīng)該為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式是：名詞/代詞+分詞/不定式/介詞短語(yǔ)/名詞/副詞，這里flow和hair之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用flowing，C項(xiàng)正確。【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B選項(xiàng)不是非謂語(yǔ)形式，不符合句子語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)；D選項(xiàng)表示被動(dòng)，不符合語(yǔ)義邏輯?！揪湟狻空掌械呐⑿θ轄N爛，波浪般的頭發(fā)飄垂在肩上。17.【答案】B【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.werelying在撒謊，正處于B.werelaid被覆蓋，被放置C.havinglaid覆蓋，放置D.havinglain躺下，處于【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)態(tài)和動(dòng)詞辨析?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)句子前半句意思“英格蘭正在經(jīng)歷多年來(lái)最艱難的冬天”，可知，someareas（一些地區(qū)）是被大雪覆蓋了，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；而表示“覆蓋”要用lay，所以werelaid正確。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)都表述主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除?！揪湟狻坑⒏裉m正在經(jīng)歷多年來(lái)最艱難的冬天，一些地區(qū)被埋在6英尺大雪下近兩個(gè)月。18.【答案】B【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.muchmoretoread要讀得更多B.muchlesstoread更不用說(shuō)去讀C.muchlessreading更不用說(shuō)讀D.stillmorereading仍然更多的閱讀【考查點(diǎn)】比較級(jí)的用法?！窘忸}思路】句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞find的真正賓語(yǔ)是toread…，所以比較成分中同樣要用to的不定式；而muchless為常見(jiàn)用法，表示“更不用說(shuō)”，符合句子意思。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)不符合句子意思，與主句語(yǔ)意相矛盾；C、D選項(xiàng)中的reading和主句中賓語(yǔ)成分結(jié)構(gòu)不對(duì)等?！揪湟狻渴聦?shí)上，幾乎每一位科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在都發(fā)現(xiàn)，要讀完與自己學(xué)科相關(guān)的所有著作是不可能的，更不用說(shuō)廣泛閱讀學(xué)科之外的著作了。19.【答案】第1題:A第2題:B第3題:C第4題:A第5題:A【解析】16.【試題答案】A【試題解析】主旨大意題。第一步定位到首尾兩段中心句，第一段第一句話Everyprofessionortrade,everyart,andeverysciencehaditstechnicalvocabulary...（每一種職業(yè)或行業(yè)，每一種藝術(shù)，每一門科學(xué)都有自己的技術(shù)詞匯……）第二段的第一句話Differentoccupations,however,differwidelyinthecharacteroftheirspecialvocabularies.（然而，不同的職業(yè)，其特殊詞匯的特點(diǎn)有很大的不同）從這兩句可知文章是在描述一種現(xiàn)象，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“描述一個(gè)現(xiàn)象”。B選項(xiàng)“討論一種信仰”，文章沒(méi)有提到信仰，這里屬于無(wú)中生有。C選項(xiàng)“提出建議”，文章沒(méi)有拋出問(wèn)題更沒(méi)有提出解決方案，這里屬于無(wú)中生有。D選項(xiàng)“刺激作用”，文章沒(méi)有說(shuō)要采取行動(dòng)，這里屬于無(wú)中生有。17.【試題答案】B【試題解析】判斷推理題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)信息，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第六句Mostofthenewcoinagesareconfinedtospecialdiscussionsandseldomgetintogeneralliteratureorconversation.Yet,noprofessionisnowadays,asallprofessionsoncewere,aclosedguild.（大多數(shù)新造的詞僅限于特殊的討論，很少涉及一般文學(xué)或談話。然而，現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有職業(yè)像所有職業(yè)曾經(jīng)那樣是一個(gè)封閉的行會(huì)），從這可以看出現(xiàn)在的職業(yè)環(huán)境與以前有了很大的改變；第二步尋找上下文線索，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第四句Thelawyer,thephysician,themanofscience,andtheclericassociatesfreelywithhisfellowcreatures,anddoesnotmeettheminamerelyprofessionalway.（律師、醫(yī)生、科學(xué)家和神職人員都可以自由地與他的同伴交往，而不僅僅是以職業(yè)的方式與他們打交道），從這里可知以前職業(yè)的交流是在一個(gè)封閉的小圈子，而現(xiàn)在圈子被打破了，人們不再只是職業(yè)往來(lái)，還有平時(shí)社交也有增強(qiáng)，所以答案選B選項(xiàng)“專業(yè)人士和其他人之間有更多的社會(huì)交往”。A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在成為一名專業(yè)人士比過(guò)去容易得多”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。C選項(xiàng)“大眾科學(xué)已經(jīng)把它們的秘密告訴了世界”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。D選項(xiàng)“任何人現(xiàn)在都能理解職業(yè)中的任何事情”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。18.【試題答案】C【試題解析】判斷推理題。第一步，聯(lián)系上下文，作者寫這篇文章是向讀者介紹專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的存在、使用、演變，并揭示其必然性和重要性，因此，如果他去研究某一新領(lǐng)域時(shí)，他一定會(huì)想到這個(gè)領(lǐng)域中的專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)是什么，有何意義，以便于自己的研究，由此，可以推斷出，他會(huì)注意專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，故C選項(xiàng)“仔細(xì)注意新領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)詞匯”正確。A選項(xiàng)“請(qǐng)一位詞典專家來(lái)”，定位到文章第二段第六句話Yet,everyvocationstillpossessesalargebodyoftechnicaltermsthatremainessentiallyforeign,even