初中英語(yǔ)《閱讀理解》課件

深入淺出悟閱讀12012年南京中考卷結(jié)構(gòu)、題型、分值、時(shí)間分布題類(lèi)項(xiàng)目題量計(jì)分答題時(shí)間選擇題第一部分人機(jī)會(huì)話（聽(tīng)力、口語(yǔ)）202420（提前考試）第二部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用單項(xiàng)填空15158完形填空101012第三部分閱讀理解202035非選擇題第四部分填空（單詞、詞形變化、短文填空）161616第五部分閱讀短文任務(wù)型閱讀101012首字母填空101012第六部分書(shū)面表達(dá)11525總計(jì)82+2096+24120+20得閱讀者得天下

中考英語(yǔ)閱讀試題特點(diǎn)1.體裁豐富：記敘文、說(shuō)明文、應(yīng)用文、議論文，以及新聞報(bào)道、廣告、通知、操作說(shuō)明、表格等。2.題材廣泛：科普、社會(huì)、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等多方面內(nèi)容。3.題型多樣：信息匹配、閱讀回答問(wèn)題、閱讀選擇、閱讀填表、閱讀填詞、閱讀完成句子、段落排序、閱讀判斷正誤等。4.能力突出：4大類(lèi)能力考點(diǎn)題型、6種能力要求，以及快速閱讀能力等。4

能力考點(diǎn)題型分類(lèi)

1）把握文章的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的能力【說(shuō)明】針對(duì)文章的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：◆Whichofthefollowingisright/true/wrong/isn’tmentioned?◆ThefollowingareallrightEXCEPT_____.◆Whichofthefollowingistherightorder?◆用What/Which/When/Where/Why/How等提問(wèn).……Elenajoggedwithherdadinsomeemptylots.Butthelotswerefullofrocksandrubbish.Oneday,Elenasawasignonthelots.Itsaid,“NewCityPark.”Elenawasexcited.Elenatoldherparentsaboutthesign.“Ireadabouttheparkinthenewspaper,”saidElena’sfather.“Thecitywantsvolunteerstohelpcleanthearea.Thenthecitywillbuildasoccerandaplayground.(2011南京)

①HowdidElenaknowthecityneededvolunteerstohelpcleanthelots? A.Herfathertoldheraboutit. B.Shereaditinthenewspaper. C.Shelearneditfromasign. D.Shewastoldbyothervolunteers.細(xì)節(jié)理解題例1帶題查閱速定位，提高答題針對(duì)性Extremeironingisaspecialkindofoutdoorsport.Itcombinesdangerandexcitementwithpracticalironing.Thereare,ofcourse,somerulesinextremeironing.Theironingmustbeoutdoors.(2010南京)

②Howdoextremeironersfeelwhentheydothesport?A.Theyfeelboredwithextremeironing.B.Theyfeelexcitedalthoughitisdangerous.C.TheyfeelveryfrightenedneatthetopofEverest.D.Tbine…with細(xì)節(jié)理解題例2慧眼識(shí)別同義句，句式轉(zhuǎn)換藏于心?！鬞heworld’sfirstrobotteacherisSaya.Withherhuman-likeface,shecanshowexpressionslikehappiness,surprise,sadness,dislike,fearandanger,whichlookmuchlikearealteacher’s.(2011連云港）

③WhatmakesSayalookreal? A.Herfaceandrichexpressions. B.Herclothesandshoes. C.Herwalkingandrunningspeed D.Herrichknowledge細(xì)節(jié)理解題例3對(duì)比題目和原文，句子結(jié)構(gòu)巧分析帶題查閱速定位緊扣主題排干擾題文對(duì)照細(xì)辨?zhèn)?/p>

解題技巧

細(xì)節(jié)理解題2）根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)生詞的含義的能力【說(shuō)明】要求根據(jù)上下文確定某一特定的詞或短語(yǔ)的準(zhǔn)確含義，常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式有：◆Theword“_____”inthepassageprobablymeans________.◆Theunderlinedword“it”inthepassagerefersto_______.◆What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“______”inthepassage?【說(shuō)明】詞義猜測(cè)題考查超綱詞含義的推斷熟詞生義或在特定場(chǎng)合的意思詞義猜測(cè)并不難把握語(yǔ)境是關(guān)鍵文中信息細(xì)分析反復(fù)斟酌定答案1.Youshouldn’tblamehimforthat,foritwasn’thisfault.2.Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.詞義猜測(cè)題例1、2通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜詞通過(guò)反義詞猜詞

v.責(zé)備

adj.長(zhǎng)相一般的，不漂亮的3.Ourgovernmenthastakenaction

tobetterthelifeofthevillagers．

“better”means“_________”.4.Theirfriendslaughedatthem，andmysistersfeltwretched，veryunhappy．

“wretched”means“_________”.

unhappyimprove詞義猜測(cè)題例3、4通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜詞通過(guò)同義詞猜詞5.Todaywasaveryhectic

dayforme．Iwokeuplate，hurriedtotheoffice，workeduntilfour，wenttothestore，cookeddinnerandwashedclothes．IdidsomanythingsthatIwascertainlyverytired．“hectic”means“______”

busy詞義猜測(cè)題例5通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境猜詞

Hotsunwilldryoutasnail’sbody.Soattheleastsignofhotsun,asnaildrawsitsbodyintoitsshell.Asnailwilldieinaheavyrain.Sowhenitrains,asnaildoesthesamething,too.(2008南京）

6.Inthesentence“asnaildrawsitsbodyintoitsshell”,theword“draw”means_____. A.tomakewithapencilB.topush C.topullD.tomoveaway

詞義猜測(cè)題例6熟詞生義:關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)猜測(cè)詞義的輔助作用1.利用遷主旨熟要義跌。2.利用員上下賓文語(yǔ)傭境。*亮同義興解釋臘、舉點(diǎn)例說(shuō)跨明、廉語(yǔ)境習(xí)暗示執(zhí)、指醋代、因果奇推斷演、前遮后對(duì)撓比等紛。3.利用鋸構(gòu)詞挎法。*胖派生循、合扎成、田轉(zhuǎn)化4.利用毅經(jīng)驗(yàn)擺常識(shí)雞。解題技巧

詞義閉猜測(cè)舅題3-仔1）對(duì)晌閱讀疤材料榆全篇祖的邏恩輯關(guān)珍系的率理解詢(xún)，對(duì)墨文章窗各段收、各桶句之杜間的龜邏輯銳關(guān)系驕的理韻解能英力【說(shuō)明】考查鏡句與嗎句之津間，乘短語(yǔ)贏與短年語(yǔ)之艱間的征邏輯禍關(guān)系還，常悲見(jiàn)提售問(wèn)方具式有稅：Ai祖r握po完ll各ut好io馬n膀is還t籠he摩m殼os套t窮se百ri棒ou病s搶ki尤nd柏o浮f語(yǔ)po綿ll毅ut悲io改n田be浩ca訂us挪e_糟__返__戲__喊.Wh確y狼di摧d浴th替e且wr堆it浴er粗g胃et弄o分ff押t騙he勝t班ra狂in變t竿wo匠s掠to德ps法b旺ef幼o(hù)r粒e秩Vi芝en翼na游s絡(luò)ta旅ti階on腫?3-遷2）依來(lái)?yè)?jù)短才文內(nèi)得容和憑考生雕應(yīng)有掛的常嗽識(shí)松進(jìn)行妖推理史和判撿斷的共能力【說(shuō)明】文中猜沒(méi)有兵直接才答案內(nèi)，需煉要在編理解槳上下璃文甚拉至全江文的呼基礎(chǔ)仍上，品結(jié)合承常識(shí)甩進(jìn)行濤合理配的推遇斷。語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)愧提問(wèn)乏方式節(jié)有：We頁(yè)c天an寬g誼ue踏ss籍t魚(yú)he桌w搞ri洗te懷r弊o(hù)f沾t俗he錦l時(shí)et怨te交r剝ma多n稿be至a渣_軍__騰__且_.We室c族an縫i閣nf脹er藏f售ro儀m紗th偶e晌te請(qǐng)xt懼t滴ha贈(zèng)t_譯__喬__鴨_.Wh姜at嶄w走ou范ld梳b止e零ha燙pp帖y衛(wèi)if饑…?3-礦3）推袋斷作味者意闖圖和貴態(tài)度島的能旦力【說(shuō)明】此類(lèi)涂題目狠的常距見(jiàn)提客問(wèn)方邪式有懼：Ho渴w棟di證d文th仆e蕉wr媽it剖er乘f棄ee體l斷at思V紐奉ie瓜nn艙a怎st板at埋io盾n?Th嬸e羨wr偵it真er失w風(fēng)ri縣te買(mǎi)s慮th草is便t酸ex頃t左to圖__很__肅__壺.Th嗓e餓wr殼it守er售b穗el哈ie梳ve晶s環(huán)th屋at尊__灰__智__泰__暑.Th海e蜜wr軍it你er株s含ug掙ge急st達(dá)s偵th絹at膽__而__相__爽_.“Do訪y鳥(niǎo)ou丙b租el接ie虹ve且i養(yǎng)n示li勸fe討a唱ft超er首d游ea偵th開(kāi)?”短J貸ac沙k’德s研bo軌ss篇a睡sk惠ed半J蹲ac戚k.析“息Ye肝s,欠s拖ir悉.”“W搶el假l,疊t裙he涼n,程t算ha蜂t獅ma它ke攀s筍ev桃er干yt閑hi優(yōu)ng掏j當(dāng)us揮t舌fi心ne蹲,”笑t備he愈b迫os助s節(jié)we姑nt專(zhuān)o均n.墊“怪Ab手ou聞t亦an輕h步ou關(guān)r慕af狡te踏r肉yo奇u鎖le旅ft冊(cè)y辛es歐te鑄rd羨ay搏t愉o飼go義t扭o禮yo度ur震g徹ra載nd蒜fa蕩th鐘er簡(jiǎn)’s屋f歡un說(shuō)er思al它(葬禮兩）,侍he遮d玩ro傭pp五e(cuò)d躬i弄n侍to塊s填ee擴(kuò)y婚ou拖.”1.罪W之ho冠d懸oe渾s床th成e核st筍or名y狠te硬ll您u攻s波re娛al堵ly宋b碰el叔ie籌ve罩i諸n虎li特fe購(gòu)a淚ft閱er效d液ea能th沉?A.竿J仿ac蹈k指B軍.醋Ja繳ck饞’s番b苦os館sC.原J啟ac惹k’記s泳gr辣an怒df延at堅(jiān)he奴r態(tài)D.月N偽o抄on既e推理活判斷桃題例1He驗(yàn)n縮慧or研ma敗ll彩y毫go苗es滅h閥om醫(yī)e篇be吸tw招ee虎n科tw把o賣(mài)an曠d恨th端re補(bǔ)e勤o’貢cl劣oc舊k肚in清t誓he副m學(xué)or喚ni要ng昨.狼Th福er軌e牽ar默e調(diào)ti您me媽s讀he便h繩as弱t養(yǎng)o元st抖ay限l孝on龜ge痰r熱an上d鉗tr奧y獵to抽m泛ak相e糠mo視r(shí)e的r議un留s.待H弱e營(yíng)sa掙id暢,隆“T制ha撿t’集s康th脂e嶺wo蕩rs豎t院th男in施g鋼ab咽ou嚇t蛇wo鍵rk覽in木g嘆fo油r同yo基ur找se獵lf植.憂If肥y再ou傘d騙on取’t斯m本ak欄e慎mo抽ne彈y,龜n膨o柏on庫(kù)e嫂is麻g壇oi點(diǎn)ng膊t韻o躺gi蠟ve倡i纖t冤to呼y撤ou積.”（20繁11無(wú)錫稼）2.制L紙on倘do填n餐ta成xi高d賄ri榆ve愚r(nóng)通tr腹y底to竊m刺ak堆e蜓mo廉re計(jì)r級(jí)un荒sso釣me刮ti估m(xù)e從s劫ma牧in裁ly畏b民ec庸au湊se愉_目__絞__叮__渣__古_(tái)A.教t白he焦y頁(yè)ma暴ke輪a寒l軟iv郊in錦g巨by榮d擋ri麻vi跳ngB.古t禁he冬y蛙pr至ef知er膀t律o秋wo蜻rk屯f址or岡t扯he峰ms陽(yáng)el吊ve斧sC.兄t鞠he柔y摩wa礙nt幅t嫌o緊he昌lp壓m哲or訂e洲pa雪ss狀en訓(xùn)ge風(fēng)rsD.賣(mài)t鏟he塌y匹ar手e災(zāi)us懂ed犁t蹈o浙wo擱rk土in側(cè)g屈de逢ep狂i麗nt廟o匆th層e掩ni譽(yù)gh赴t推理型判斷刪題例2推理熱判斷懂題例3Wh替y徑is酬n’給t鋤yo暗ur道n帳ew烘sp址ap剖er驕r山ep波or斷ti插ng青a正ny憑g納oo鞋d芳ne失ws？Al窮l尊I椒re綠ad唐a考bo曾ut全i芒s紙ro姻bb認(rèn)er進(jìn)y,放d薯is蔑as赴te拉rs處,何an舉d銹de枕at諷h.邀T橡o味be沿h搞on短es炕t,識(shí)I系’m襪s鳳ic遵k秧of幕a泳ll儀t藍(lán)hi施s丟ba肺d牙ne久ws卡.3.圓T習(xí)hi辯s痛wr覺(jué)it細(xì)er儲(chǔ)i鵝s委__引__份_奔th司e挽ne顆ws鄙pa蔥pe逆r悶re勝po尋rt掉in躺g.A裳.憶pl色ea凡se擊d片wi由th戰(zhàn)B桃.脫pa襯ti途en干t促wi史thC.屋n雜ot拴s和at燒is戀fi礙ed物w梯it把h星D雁.歌no參t科an壩gr尋y點(diǎn)wi肅th解題技巧

推理尋判斷畏題推理惰判斷撫重原凝文作者折意圖頃記心挑中切忌耕主觀問(wèn)亂猜倍測(cè)回歸權(quán)原文棍動(dòng)腦雅筋4）掌尋握所扯讀材枝料的馬主旨籃和要枯義的買(mǎi)能力【說(shuō)明】主要慨針對(duì)里段落喬（或摧短文)的主樓題，賴(lài)主題鏡思想禍，標(biāo)推題或互目的痛，常擦見(jiàn)提啟問(wèn)方蹲式有臟：1)擴(kuò)W央hi需ch歡i始s摘th廣e愁be膚st萬(wàn)t波it至le宗o渡f棍th腹e么pa焦ss界ag擠e?2)隔I長(zhǎng)n堪th拐is疼p息as室sa愧ge梢t疼he牽w桂ri顛te卸r務(wù)tr屬ie字s敵to記t止el評(píng)l笑us帖th媽at腹__嗎__布__亮_.3)動(dòng)T甜hi上s漂pa攝ss故ag泛e假ma降in博ly剖t岡al些ks乏a躲bo艇ut票__陡__疑__偶.Wh調(diào)at魂d冒o縣yo犯u陷do這i飯f堡yo射u判ar途e稍tr垃ap良pe灑d似on龜a口l么on暈el追y身is掛la澇nd隙?庸Su敢re葡ly勻y動(dòng)ou縣n驅(qū)ee熄d夠to辛f斑in豆d被a誼wa謊y義to追g稅et善i海n允to豪uc確h過(guò)wi顛th籮t拖he膽o端ut會(huì)si配de見(jiàn)w夏or聽(tīng)ld漆.閥Yo竿u越be律st仆c押ha愚nc較e廣of款d貌oi恩ng松t每hi哥s于is草t鉆o籍dr廚aw喂t毅he濤a且tt許en嗽ti蛙on士o絞f菌a象pa畜ss誕in餡g極pl瘡an痕e.Bo玩dy動(dòng)s忽ig誦na香ls隙…Sm臟ok烈e依si停gn倒al羞s…Gr分ou憑nd謊-t剩o-安ai拴r缸si答gn懸al芹s化…Pi央lo質(zhì)ts五’株re投pl候ie碧s艱…主旨曾要義碼題例11.腹W纖ha額t’您s碼th軍e特pa段ss勤ag內(nèi)e咽ma尤in沉ly終a巧bo之ut朋?A.膊T餐he周e調(diào)xp偷la拍na叼ti酷on幼o(hù)車(chē)f磁bu底il學(xué)di褲ng榜s揀ig桿na漸ls拖o助n怪an筆i艦sl萍an竿d.B.棗T么he剝i畜mp愉or鏡ta萌nc腹e蝴of學(xué)m惰ak陸in棕g王si肯gn平al躲s玩on景a庫(kù)n處is粗la廟nd猛.C.滴W自ay莖s及of玻s困en永di局ng永o繳ut亭s準(zhǔn)ig飾na換ls個(gè)o緞n撤a姻lo套ne勸ly煎i毀sl糟an閥d.D.智W皮ay鋪s服of衡r守ec貌ei史vi拘ng攝s烏ig飛na災(zāi)ls偷f司ro坐m杯a怎lo爽ne朱ly響i訂sl輕an廢d.El注en旋a嬌jo勞gg腎ed反w租it鐵h駕he貿(mào)r慚da閘d念in棍s耍om煎e(cuò)黃em轉(zhuǎn)pt尺y靜lo舅ts赤…El謝en婚a訪wa辛s墾ex雪ci希te蚊d.勾M治ay猾be群t滿(mǎn)he溫p妨ar崇k莖wo墓ul纏d醬ha能ve征a模j厘og惹gi事ng段t邀ra腦il跨!.父..“W哈il侍l羨th啄ey糧b數(shù)ui固ld洽a丈j捐og靈gi色ng濁t(yī)叛ra寄il填?”夜E私le針na趴a回sk輪ed棄.“W匠el們l,影p毯er禾ha礎(chǔ)ps殺i件f叼I怎he攻lp咐c役le潤(rùn)an焰u近p挑th尋e排lo翼ts醉,嫂th拳ey熟’l植l佳pu潤(rùn)t壺in能a研j浴og護(hù)gi附ng桃t廊ra普il逢,”貞s贈(zèng)ai凝d揀El見(jiàn)en學(xué)a.El脖en院a雅we納nt救t盛o秋th平e葡ar喉ea崖e也ve趴ry屢w剩ee緞k.蜜S籠oo于n姿ev島er賞yo吳ne沖k宜ne櫻w龜he禽r削an透d糟sh軍e鎮(zhèn)to悔ld撒e販ve旁ry設(shè)on熱e披ho匙w速wo衛(wèi)nd持er庸fu炊l蠶a熄jo父gg鴨in指g鍛tr召ai族l揭wo豪ul紙d笑be騰.主旨納要義聯(lián)題例2jo祝gg魂edjo紀(jì)gg壩in呆gtr哀ai啞ljo扔gg妖in蕩gtr滔ai技ljo鼠gg走in疾gtr陶ai善ljo譽(yù)gg賤in米gtr優(yōu)ai滑lTh夜e祖vo晨lu遲nt咱ee封rs絲式