2023屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)定語從句課件

高中英語

定語從句Ilike

girls.Ilikegirlswithlong

hair.Ilikegirlswithlonghair,bigeyesand

dimples.限定的語言，限定名詞/代詞的范圍SheisthegirlwholovesAlex.定語主系表Sheisthegirl后置從句1.Ashoeshopisashop

(whichsellsshoes).主句：Ashoeshopisashop.2.Thebook(thatyouwant)isonthedesk.主句Thebookisonthedesk.1.Thestudentswhodon’tstudyhard

willnotpasstheexam.主句:

Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.定語從句2.ThewomanwhomyousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.定語從句主句:

ThewomanisourEnglishteacher.

Thestudents

(whodon’tstudyhard)

Thewoman

(whomyousawinthepark)

定語從句Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.先行詞放置于名詞之_____，修飾名詞的從句連接作用1.2.在從句中充當(dāng)成分后Themanwholivesnexttouswho兩者關(guān)系：關(guān)系詞代替先行詞關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞指代人指代事物所屬關(guān)系指地點(diǎn)指時(shí)間指原因who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，ofwhichwherewhenwhy基礎(chǔ)知識關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞1、who的用法who指人，在從句中做主語或賓語TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.分解TheboysarefromClassOneTheboysareplayingfootball做主語關(guān)系代詞1、who的用法who指人，在從句中做主語或賓語

ThewomanwhoyousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.分解ThewomanisourEnglishteacher.Yousawthewomaninthepark做賓語關(guān)系代詞1、who的用法who指人，在從句中做主語或賓語

Themanwhocalledyesterdaywantstobuythehouse.關(guān)系代詞

Themanplanstofindfourmusicianswhocouldsing.

ThefamilywhoImetattheairportwereverykind.2.whom也指人，但在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷?。Mr.Liuistheman(whom)youtalkedabout.

Mr.Liuistheman分解

Youtalkedabouttheman

注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。

作賓語關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞ChenZijiangisapaper-cuttingexpertwhomIsawyesterday.2.whom也指人，但在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，常可省略。Doyouremembertheboywith

whomIusedtogoout?注意：whom在從句中作介詞的賓語，且賓語置于whom前時(shí)不能用who代替3.whose作定語從句的定語.Iknowthegirlwhose

motherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定語名詞所有格關(guān)系代詞3.whose作定語從句的定語.He'samanwhose

opinionIrespect.關(guān)系代詞It'sthehousewhose

doorispaintedred.Ashoeshopisashopwhichsellsshoes.關(guān)系代詞4、which的用法which指物，在從句中做主語或賓語分解AshoeshopisashopTheshopsellsshoes做主語Hetoldusaboutthecountrieswhichhehadvisited.關(guān)系代詞4、which的用法which指物，在從句中做主語或賓語分解HetoldusaboutthecountriesHehadvisitedthecountries做賓語Heprefersgroupswhichplayquietandslowsongs.關(guān)系代詞4、which的用法which指物，在從句中做主語或賓語Thisisthebookwhichheislookingfor.5.that可以作定語從句的主語和賓語.可省略Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.關(guān)系代詞which=

thatwho=

that5.that可以作定語從句的主語和賓語.可省略Thestudentsarereadingthebookswhich/that

werewrittenbyMoyan.Thevedio(which/that)

wemadelastyearwasveryinteresting.關(guān)系代詞which=

thatwho=

that5.that可以作定語從句的主語和賓語.可省略Thewoman(who/whom/that)

youmetonthestreetworkedinahospital.Thepen(which/that)

Iboughtyesterdayisonthedesk.關(guān)系代詞which=

thatwho=

that如何選定定語從句關(guān)系詞1.分辨主句和定語從句2.確定定語從句的先行詞（人/物/人和物）3.把先行詞帶到從句中，看其在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑ㄖ髡Z賓語定語）4.若先行詞在從句中做主語，賓語或定語則用關(guān)系代詞。用關(guān)系代詞填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.Thisistheman__________wantstoseeyou.

2.Clockisathing__________tellspeoplethetime.3.Thisistheshirt_________Iboughtyesterday.4.Thisistheboywith_______hetalked.5.Theman_________legbrokeinagameusedtobeafootballplayer.who/that

which/thatwhich/that

whom

whose用關(guān)系代詞填空：that、which、who、whom、whose6.Ihaveafriend__________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.

7.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.8.Myparentsliveinahouse_________ismorethan100yearsold.9.Kevinisreadingabook_______istoodifficultforhim.who/that

which/thatwhich/thatwhich/that關(guān)系副詞wherewhenwhy1、where作地點(diǎn)狀語Iwanttoknowtheplace.Iwasbornthere.Iwanttoknowtheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.where=介詞+whichThetable

where(=atwhich)

sheissitting

isanewone.關(guān)系副詞1、where作地點(diǎn)狀語Thisisthetownwhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.where=介詞+whichIforgottheplace

where(=inwhich)Ihadhiddenthebox.關(guān)系副詞Itistheyear.TheOlympicGamesbeginsintheyear.

when作時(shí)間狀語:2.時(shí)間名詞+when+定語從句Shewillneverforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)shewonthegame.When=介詞+which

Itistheyearwhen(=inwhich)theOlympicGamesbegins.Shewillneverforgettheday.Shewonthegameonthatday.關(guān)系副詞

when作時(shí)間狀語:2.時(shí)間名詞+when+定語從句Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstcametoBeijing.When=介詞+which

Theyearwhen(=inwhich)theearthquakehappenedwas1976.關(guān)系副詞3.表原因的名詞reason+why+定語從句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定語從句中,在定語從句中作原因狀語。)Thisisthereason

hegavehisteacherintheclassroom.Thereason

hedidnotgotoschoolisthathewasill.which/thatwhyThisisthereason.Hegavehisteacherthereasonintheclassroom.why=forwhich關(guān)系副詞3.表原因的名詞reason+why+定語從句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定語從句中,在定語從句中作原因狀語。)Isitthereason

herefusedourhelp?Idon'twanttohearanyreason

youareabsent（缺席）.why

whywhy=forwhich關(guān)系副詞whenwhere和why都可以替換成“介詞+which”Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhich/whenwefirstmetinNantong?Thisistheroominwhich/wherewelivedlastyear.Doyouknowthereasonforwhich/whyhedidn'tgotoMary’sbirthdayparty.(onwhich=when)(inwhich=where)(forwhich=why)關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞小結(jié)when=on(inatduring...)whichwhere=in(aton...)whichwhy=forwhich關(guān)系副詞wherewhenwhy如何選定定語從句關(guān)系詞1.分辨主句和定語從句2.確定定語從句的先行詞（人/物/人和物）3.把先行詞帶到從句中，看其在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑ㄖ髡Z賓語定語狀語）4.若先行詞在從句中做主語，賓語或定語則用關(guān)系代詞，如果做狀語則用關(guān)系副詞。特殊情況Heisthebestmanthat/who/whom/---Ihavemet.4.Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenmadebychildren.1.Isthereanything

thatyouwanttobuyintown?/Anotebookisall

thatIneed.2.Theonlythingthatmattersistofindourwayhome.5.ThefirstbookthatIchoseyesterdayisinteresting.3.Thisisthevery/rightbookthatIwanttobuy.justthebook(人不受限制)當(dāng)先行詞為物時(shí)只用that的情況１．當(dāng)先行詞是All,

much,

none,

everything,

anything,

something等不定代詞，且指物時(shí)2．當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,all,no等詞修飾時(shí)3.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞/最高級或被最高級修飾時(shí)all,everything,anything,nothing,little,any,no,theonly,thevery…,

thexxxest,thexxxth…YouarethemostbeautifulgirlthatIhaveever

seen.他沒那么有錢啦！Heisnotthatrich!6.Theyaretalkingaboutthepeopleandtheschoolthat/---theyhavevisited.7.Whichisthebookthat/---youbought?4．當(dāng)先行詞中有人又有物時(shí)5．主句是who/which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，避免重復(fù)只用thateg：WhoisthemanthatistalkingwithMr.Black?１．由who引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)只用that當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)只用that的情況Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.eg:那兒有老人想要見你。２．在therebe句型中，先行詞為人只用who１.先行詞為one，ones，anyone，those，he時(shí)，只用who當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)，只用who的情況eg：Heunderstoodthosewhoneededhelp.eg：Besidesourfamily,ourfriendsaretheoneswhoshareourjoyandsorrowwithus.先行詞與從句的主語構(gòu)成從屬關(guān)系=ofwhichthedoor=thedoorofwhich

Theyliveinahousewhosedoorisblue.eg:他們住在一間門是蘭色的房子里。=ofwhomthedaughter=thedaughterofwhomeg:Heisthepolicewhosedaughterwentabroad.介詞加which結(jié)構(gòu)由與前面名詞的固定搭配確定i.e.thedayonwhich由定從中謂語動(dòng)詞的固定搭配確定i.e.ThisisthemantowhomIturnedyesterday.介詞的確定Chinahashundredsofislands（島）,thelargest_____whichisTaiwan.ofHeistheperson_____whomyouwillwrite.to_____whomthebookwaswritten.

by

_____whomIlearntalot.from_____whomIworkedinthefactory.with

_____whichtherearefewnewwords.Thisisthebook_____whichIlearnedalot.fromin_______whichthereisafactory.Thisistheriver__________weoftenhaveawalk.______________abridgewasbuilt._______thereisaboat.by/besideonwhichover/acrosswhichalongwhich非限定性定語從句RestrictiveClause限定性定語從句Thisisthemanwhohadoncestolenmywallet.去掉限定定從，主句的意思不一樣。定從是告知信息inform的功能。Non-restrictiveAttributiveClauseThisman,whohadoncestolenmywallet,wantstoworkinyourcompany.去掉非限定從，主句的意思仍然不變，但是情感有差異。非限定從，表暗示imply的功能。非限定性定語從句他將去北京看望妻子，她在北京工作．（沒有逗號翻譯成：他將去看望在北京工作的那個(gè)妻子．）特征:用逗號隔開，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，譯成兩句話．Hewillgotoseehiswife,whoisinBeijing.Hepassedtheexam,whichmakesmehappy.特征:which可代指前面整句話，不可用that．定語從句分限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。非限制性定語從句的先行詞和關(guān)系詞常用逗號隔開，且不能用that引導(dǎo)。e.g.Ilovemyfather,whoisgoodto

me.Smoking,whichisabadhabit,isverypopular.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.Exercise1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/that3.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that4.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johntalkedismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that1.Isthereanything__________youwanttobuyinthetown.2.All__________wecandoistostudyhard.3.Thefirstone_________standsupisalittleboy.thatthat

thatIhavelotsoffriends,some/noneof_____arefriendly.Ihavelotsoffriends.Someof____arefriendly.Ihavelotsoffriends,andsomeof____arefriendly.whomthemthemTips:1.關(guān)系詞的選用，取決于先行詞在從句中的成分，而不是它本身。2.定語從句不能濫用。如果能用簡單句表達(dá)出來的東西就不用從句來表達(dá)。定語從句總結(jié)各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法：who指人，在定語從句中作主語。

whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。whose指人，在定語從句中作定語。

which指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語。

that多指物，有時(shí)也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。

when指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作狀語。

where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作狀語。why

指原因，在定語從句中作狀語。

1.只能使用that,不用which的情況：(1)先行詞是few,little,nothing,everything,anything，all,等不定代詞時(shí)。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行詞被only,no,any,all,等詞修飾時(shí)。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(3)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞。如：Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.(5)先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.均表強(qiáng)調(diào)2.只能用which，不用that的情況：(1)在非限制性定語從中。如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定語從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物時(shí)。如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.合并同類項(xiàng)That

maniscryinginthecar.句2：Iknow

the

man.句1：兩個(gè)句子找出相同詞，確定主從句Iknowthemanthemaniscryinginthecar.The

maniscryinginthecar.句2：Iknow

the

man.句1：先行詞用詞代替Iknow

themanwhoiscryinginthecar.

關(guān)系代詞：1、代指theman2、指示主句與從句的關(guān)系，從句低一級先行詞句1：Idonotlikebooks.句2：Booksdonothavepictures.Idonotlikebookswhichdonothave

pictures.Idonotlikebooksbooksdonothave

pictures.兩個(gè)句子關(guān)系代詞：1、代指books2、指示主句與從句的關(guān)系，從句低一級先行詞粗暴合并替換同類項(xiàng)句1：Ihaveapuppydog.句2：Apuppydog’seyesareblue.Ihaveapuppydog

whoseeyesareblue.Ihaveapuppydogapuppydog’seyesare

blue.兩個(gè)句子關(guān)系代詞：1、代指dog's2、指示主句與從句的關(guān)系，從句低一級先行詞粗暴合并替換同類項(xiàng)句1：Iknowthe

boy.句2：Youlikethe

boy.Iknowtheboyyoulikewho/whom/that.Iknowtheboywho/whom/that/省略

youlike.Iknowtheboyyoulikethe

boy.兩個(gè)句子關(guān)系代詞：1、代指theboy2、指示主句與從句的關(guān)系，從句低一級先行詞粗暴合并替換同類項(xiàng)where/when/why介詞+which=

where/when/why句1：句2：IreallyhatethecityImetherinthe

city.兩個(gè)句子關(guān)系代詞：1、代指thecity2、指示主句與從句的關(guān)系，從句低一級先行詞粗暴合并替換同類項(xiàng)Ireallyhatethecity.

Imetherinthecity.IreallyhatethecityImetherin

which.IreallyhatethecityinwhichImet

her.……IreallyhatethecityinwhichImet

her.∵inwhich

where∴IreallyhatethecitywhereImet

her.句1：句2：Iforgotthedayyoucameonthe

day.兩個(gè)句子關(guān)系代詞：1、代指theday2、指示主句與從句的關(guān)系，從句低一級先行詞粗暴合并替換同類項(xiàng)Iforgottheday.Youcameontheday.Iforgotthedayyoucameon

which.Iforgotthedayonwhichyou

came.……Iforgotthedayonwhichyou

came.∵onwhich

when∴Iforgotthedaywhenyou

came.句1：句2：Ican'tunderstandthereasonsheleftmeforthe

reason.兩個(gè)句子關(guān)系代詞：1、代指thereason2、指示主句與從句的關(guān)系，從句低一級先行詞粗暴合并替換同類項(xiàng)Ican'tunderstandthereason.

Sheleftmeforthereason.Ican'tunderstandthereasonsheleftme

for

which.Ican'tunderstandthereason

for

whichsheleftme.……Ican'tunderstandthereasonforwhichsheleftme.∵forwhich

why∴Ican'tunderstandthereasonwhysheleft

me.Youcameonthe

day.Sheleftmeforthe

reason.Imether

in

the

city.為什么會出現(xiàn)介詞？同類項(xiàng)在句2中，是狀語的一部分。如果地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間/原因，在句2中充當(dāng)主語/賓語兩個(gè)句子粗暴合并替換同類項(xiàng)句1：句2：Ireallyhatethe

city.Thecitywashitbythe

typhoon.Ireallyhatethecitywhich

washitbythe

typhoon.兩個(gè)句子粗暴合并替換同類項(xiàng)句1：句2：Iforgotthe

day.Youcannotforgetthe

day.Iforgotthedaywhich

youcannot

forget.兩個(gè)句子粗暴合并替換同類項(xiàng)句1：句2：Icannotunderstandthe

reason.Yousaidthe

reason.Icannotunderstandthereasonwhich

you

said.句1：句2：ThisisthebookIamlookingforthe

book.兩個(gè)句子關(guān)系代詞：1、代指thebook2、指示主句與從句的關(guān)系，從句低一級先行詞粗暴合并替換同類項(xiàng)Thisisthe

book.Iamlookingforthe

book.ThisisthebookIamlookingfor

which.ThisisthebookwhichIamlooking

for.Theboyisholdingadog.

Hehasgoldenhair.Theboyisholdingadog.

Hishairisgolden.TheboyisJim.

Theboyisholdingadog.Theboywhohasgoldenhairisholdingadog.Theboywhosehairisgoldenisholdingadog.

TheboywhoisholdingadogisJim.Heisoneofthe

personsinthefilm.Thep