生物化學(xué)（英文版）知到章節(jié)答案智慧樹2023年吉林醫(yī)藥學(xué)院

生物化學(xué)（英文版）知到章節(jié)測(cè)試答案智慧樹2023年最新吉林醫(yī)藥學(xué)院第一章測(cè)試

Attheisoelectricpoint,thenetchargeoftheproteinmoleculeis0.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Alltheproteinshavequaternarystructure.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

Theprincipleofsaltprecipitation,precipitationofproteinsis(

)

參考答案:

Toneutralizethechargeanddestroythehydrationshell

Themainchemicalbondthatmaintainsthealpha-helicalstructureoftheproteinis(

)

參考答案:

Hydrogenbondingbetweenpeptidebondatoms

Theadvancedstructureoftheproteindependson(

)

參考答案:

Aminoacidcompositionandsequenceinproteinpeptidechains

Thephysicalandchemicalpropertiessharedbyproteinsandaminoacidsare:(

)

參考答案:

AmphotericDissociation

Thepropertiesofdenaturedproteinsare(

)

參考答案:

Solubilitydropssignificantly;Easytobehydrolyzedbyprotease;Lossofbiologicalactivity

Proteindenaturationisbecause(

)

參考答案:

Hydrogenbondisdestroyed;Subunitdepolymerization;Disulfidebondcleavage

Primarystructureofprotein(

)

參考答案:

Itmainlydependsonpeptidebondtomaintainstability;Isthebasisofspatialstructure;referstoaminoacidsequence

Whichofthefollowingareacidaminoacids?(

)

參考答案:

Aspartate;Glutamate

第二章測(cè)試

TmisdirectlyrelatedtotheGCcontentofDNAandionicstrength.

參考答案:

對(duì)

rRNAisthesiteforproteinbiosynthesis.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

InaDNAmolecule,ifthemolarratioofAis17.2%,themolarratioofCshouldbe(

)

參考答案:

32.8％

ThekeypartofDNAmoleculetostoreandtransmitgeneticinformationis(

)

參考答案:

basesequence

TheforcetomaintainthelateralstabilityofDNAdoublehelixis(

)

參考答案:

hydrogenbondbetweenbasepairs

What'swrongwithnucleicacidhybridization(

)

參考答案:

mRNAcanbehybridizedwiththeencodedpolypeptidechain

ThechangesinDNAdenaturationare:(

)

參考答案:

hyperchromiceffect;Hydrogenchainbreakinganddoublehelixstructurebreakingbetweenchains

Thehistonesthatmakeupthecoreparticleofnucleosomeare(

)

參考答案:

H4;H3;H2B;H2A

AsforthedescriptionofrRNA,itiscorrectto(

)

參考答案:

It'sthemostabundantRNAinthecell;Largeandsmallsubunitsthatcancombinewithproteinstoformribosomes

Thebiologicalfunctionsofnucleotidesinvivoinclude(

)

參考答案:

Somenucleotidesareallostericeffectorsofallostericenzymes;Somenucleotidescanbeusedassecondmessengersofhormones;Somenucleotidesarethedirectenergysuppliersintheorganism;Rawmaterialsfornucleicacidsynthesisinvivo

第三章測(cè)試

Vitaminsareaclassofhighmolecularorganiccompounds

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

Toomuchortoolittlefat-solublevitamincancausedisease

參考答案:

對(duì)

VitaminAdeficiencycancause(

)

參考答案:

Nightblindness

Thevitaminscontainingmetalelementsare(

)

參考答案:

vitaminB12

Thecoenzymesofα–ketoacidsdecarboxylasecomefrom(

)

參考答案:

VitaminB1

Asforthecorrespondingrelationshipbetweenvitaminsandtheiractiveforms,thewrongoneis(

)

參考答案:

vitaminPP-CoA

Thefatsolublevitaminsare(

)

參考答案:

VitaminA;VitaminD;vitaminE

VitaminDdeficiencycancause(

)

參考答案:

osteochondrosis;rickets

Whichofthefollowingaretheactiveformsofpantothenicacid(

)

參考答案:

CoA;ACP

Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutvitaminsiswrong(

)

參考答案:

Oxidizableenergysupply;Thehumanbodycannotsynthesizeitself

第四章測(cè)試

ThehighertheKmvalueoftheenzyme,thelowertheaffinitytosubstrate.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Alltheenzymeshavecoenzymesorprostheticgroups.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

Thedifferencebetweencoenzymeandprostheticgroupis(

)

參考答案:

Differentbindingdegreewithenzymeprotein

Whatdeterminesthespecificityofenzymaticreactionsis(

)

參考答案:

enzymeprotein

Themechanismofenzymaticreactionis(

)

參考答案:

reducetheactivationenergyofthereaction

Theinhibitionofsuccinatedehydrogenasebymalonicacidbelongsto(

)

參考答案:

competitiveinhibition

WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutIsoenzymes(

)

參考答案:

Itcanexistindifferenttissuesofthesameindividual;Ithasdifferentphysicalandchemicalproperties;generally,itisanoligoenzyme;Itcancatalyzethesamechemicalreaction

Thefunctionoftheessentialgroupintheenzymemoleculeis(

)

參考答案:

Tochangethesubstratechemically;Bindingwithsubstrate;toacceptprotonsorgroupsinareaction;maintainingthespatialconformationofenzyme

Covalentmodificationsofenzymesinclude(

)

參考答案:

Phosphorylationanddephosphorylation;adenosylationanddeadenylation;Methylationanddemethylation;acetylationanddeacetylation

Thecharacteristicsofnoncompetitiveinhibitionare(

)

參考答案:

Thestructureofinhibitorandsubstrateisnotsimilar;thedegreeofinhibitiondependsontheconcentrationofinhibitor;thebindingoftheenzymetotheinhibitordoesnotaffectitsbindingtothesubstrate

第五章測(cè)試

Ubiquinoneisnotcontainedinanyrespiratorychaincomplex.

參考答案:

對(duì)

RespiratorychaincomplexIIisthecouplingsiteofoxidativephosphorylation.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

Thereducedformofflavinadeninedinucleotideis(

)

參考答案:

FADH2

WhattypeofgradientiscriticaltoATPformationbyoxidativephosphorylation?

參考答案:

proton

Whichofthefollowingdoesnotparticipatein,norisacomponentof,theelectron-transportchain?

參考答案:

coenzymeA

Inthemalate-aspartateshuttle,electronsfromNADHaretransferredto

,formingmalate.

參考答案:

oxaloacelate

Choosethecorrectpathtakenbyapairofelectronsasittravelsdowntheelectron-transportchain.

參考答案:

FADH2→complexII→CoQ→complexIII→Cytc→complexIV→O2;NADH→complexI→CoQ→complexIII→Cytc→complexIV→O2

Factorsaffectingoxidativephosphorylationinclude:(

)

參考答案:

ADP/ATP;thyroxine

;uncouplingagent;amiodarone

ATPsynthase:(

)

參考答案:

F1catalyzestheproductionandreleaseofATP;F0istheprotonchannelofmitochondrialinnermembrane;Itiscomposedoftwoparts,F1andF0

Theincreaseofbasalmetabolicrateinpatientswithhyperthyroidismismainlydueto:(

)

參考答案:

IncreasedATPdecomposition;increasedATPproduction

第六章測(cè)試

Aerobicoxidationisthemajorprocesstoprovideenergyformosttissues.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Anaerobicoxidationcannotbecarriedoutunderaerobicconditions.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

Whichofthefollowingisanenergy-requiringstepofglycolysis?

參考答案:

Glucokinase

Whichofthefollowingareprimarysubstratesforgluconeogenesis?

參考答案:

Glycerolandalanine

Whenglycogenissynthesized,thedirectdonorofglucosegroupis(

)

參考答案:

UDPG

HowmuchATPcanbeproducedby1-acetyl-coathroughtheTCAcycle?

參考答案:

10

Whichofthefollowingpathwayareonlycarriedoutincytoplasm?

參考答案:

glycolysis;pentosephosphatepathway;glycogensynthesis

Thehormonesthatraisebloodsugarare(

)

參考答案:

parathyroidhormone;glucocorticoid

;adrenaline

;glucagon

ApproximatelyhowmanyATPcanbeproducedduringthecompletelyoxidationofoneglucose(

)

參考答案:

32;30

Thephysiologicalfunctionsofpentosephosphatepathwayinclude(

)

參考答案:

provideNADPH+H+;Provide4Ccompounds;supply3Ccompounds;supplypentosephosphate

第七章測(cè)試

HMG-CoAlyaseisthekeyenzymeintheformationofketonebodies.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

PhospholipasesoftheAtyperemoveoneofthetwofattyacidsintheglycerophospholipid,producingalysophospholipid.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Thehormone

induceslipolysis,whereasthehormone

inhibitstheprocess

參考答案:

glucagon;insulin

Therawmaterialsforfattyacidsynthesisare(

)

參考答案:

acetylcoenzymeAandNADPH+H+

Whichofthefollowingstepisnottheprocessofβ-oxidationoffattyacid?

參考答案:

carboxylation

Themainreasonthatketonebodycan'tbeoxidizedintheliveristhelackof

參考答案:

succinylCoAtransferase

Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutketonesarecorrect?

參考答案:

ketonebodiesformationisanimportantwayforlivertooutputenergy;ketonebodiesincludeacetoacetate,β-hydroxybutyricacidandacetone;starvationcancausetheincreaseofketonebodiesinthebody

Cholesterolcanbetransformedinto(

)

參考答案:

vitaminD3;bileacid

WhichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutCM?

參考答案:

transportexogenoustriglycerides;LPLhydrolyzestriglyceridesinCM

Theco-factorsneededintheprocessoffattyacidβ-oxidationare:(

)

參考答案:

CoASH;FAD;NAD+

第八章測(cè)試

Nitrogenbalanceisthemeasureofthesituationofproteinmetabolism.

參考答案:

對(duì)

SAMisthetransportcarrierofonecarbonunits.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

Intheureacycle,thesecondnitrogenofureaentersthecycleintheformofwhichofthefollowingmetabolites?

參考答案:

aspartate

Themainpathwayofaminoaciddeaminationinorganismis(

)

參考答案:

transdeamination

Themainsourceofbloodammoniais(

)

參考答案:

producedbyaminoaciddeamination

Albinismresultsfromageneticlackof(

)

參考答案:

tyrosinase

Themaintransportationformsofammoniabetweentissuesare(

)

參考答案:

glutamine;alanine

Themetabolicroutesoftheα–ketoacidsremovedfromaminoacidsbydeaminationcontain(

)

參考答案:

beconvertedintoglucose;beoxidizedandprovideenergy;beconvertedintononessentialaminoacids;beconvertedintofat

Themainformsofonecarbonunitare(

)

參考答案:

-CH3;-CHO-;-CH=NH-;-CH2-

Glutamateplaysanimportantroleinproteinmetabolismbecause:(

)

參考答案:

participateinthestorageandutilizationofammonia;participateintransamination

第九章測(cè)試

Amongthefinaldegradedproductsofnucleicacids,basescannotbeabsorbedinintestine.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Deoxyribonucleotidesareformedbythereductionofthe2'-hydroxylgroupoftheribosemoietyatribonucleosidediphosphatelevel.

參考答案:

對(duì)

HowmanyATPmoleculesarenecessarytomakecarbamoylphosphatebycarbamoylphosphatesynthetase?

參考答案:

2

Allopurinolisusedtotreatgoutandisaninhibitoroftheenzyme(s)

(

)

參考答案:

xanthineoxidase

Whichofthefollowingtissuesynthesizepurinenucleotidesmainlybysalvagepathway(

)

參考答案:

bonemarrow

Lesch-Nyhansyndromeisduetoalackofbody(

)

參考答案:

HGPRT

Therawmaterialsfordenovosynthesisofpurinenucleotidesinclude:(

)

參考答案:

onecarbonunit;CO2;glutamineandaspartate;ribosephosphate

PRPPisinvolvedinthefollowingmetabolicpathways(

)

參考答案:

thesalvagepathwayofpurinenucleotides;thedenovosynthesisofnucleotides;thedenovosynthesisofpurinenucleotides

Whichofthefollowingcompoundshavethefeedbackinhibitioneffectonpurinenucleotidesynthesis(

)

參考答案:

IMP;GMP;AMP

Theproductsofpyrimidinenucleotidecatabolismare(

)

參考答案:

NH3;CO2;aminoacid

第十章測(cè)試

AllDNApolymerasescanonlyaddnucleotidestoapreexistingstrandwithafree3'-hydroxylgroup.

參考答案:

對(duì)

IntheprocessofDNAbiosynthesis,leadingstrandissynthesizedinthe5'to3',andthelaggingstrandissynthesizedinthe3'to5'.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

TheprimersinDNAreplicationare(

)

參考答案:

RNAfragmentsynthesizedwithDNAastemplate

TherawmaterialsforDNAsynthesisare(

)

參考答案:

dATPdGTPdCTPdTTP

What'swrongaboutE.coliDNApolymeraseⅢ(

)

參考答案:

cancatalyzetheconnectionofdNTPtothe5′-hydroxyterminalofDNAfragment

Okazakifragmentrefersto(

)

參考答案:

DNAfragmentssynthesizedonthelaggingstrand

DNAtemplatescanbeuseddirectlyfor(

)

參考答案:

transcription;DNAreplication

CharacteristicsofDNAreplicationcontain(

)

參考答案:

bi-directionalreplication;semi-discontinuousreplication;semi-conservativereplication

ThephysiologicalfunctionsofsinglestrandDNAbindingprotein(SSB)include(

)

參考答案:

preventsinglechaintemplatefrombeinghydrolyzedbynuclease;participateinDNAreplication;playtherolerepeatedly;preventDNAsinglestrandfromformingdoublehelix

ThefunctionsofligaseinDNAreplicationinclude(

)

參考答案:

ATPorNAD+

isrequiredtoparticipateintheconnectionreaction;ItcatalyzestheconnectionofadjacentDNAsegmentswith3′,5′-phosphodiesterbond;Inthecatalyticreaction,theintermediateisfirstformedwithATP;participateinthegenerationoflaggingstrand

第十一章測(cè)試

TheσsubunitofRNApolymeraseisresponsibleforrecognizingthegenepromotersinprokaryoticcells.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Duringtranscription,onlyonestrandofDNAisusedastemplate.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

ThemRNAproducedbytranscriptioninprokaryotesis(

)

參考答案:

polycistron

IntheDNAdoublestrand,thestrandthatguidesthesynthesisofRNAiscalled(

)

參考答案:

templatechain

ThepromoterwhichcanberecognizedbyRNApolymerasewholeenzymeislocated(

)

參考答案:

atupstreamoftranscriptionstartsite

Whichofthefollowingisnotastructuralcomponentofatranscriptionbubbleinprokaryotes(

)

參考答案:

transcriptionfactor

ThesubstancesneededforRNAbiosynthesisare(

)

參考答案:

DNApol;NTP;DNAtemplate

Intronmeans(

)

參考答案:

RNAsequenceremovedinsplicing;noncodingsequence

ThefunctionsofE.coliRNA-polinclude(

)

參考答案:

determinewhichgenesaretranscribed;bindingDNAtemplate;identifythestartingpoint;catalyzethepolymerizationofNTPs

Whichofthefollowingmoleculesaretheproductsoftranscription(

)

參考答案:

rRNA;mRNA

第十二章測(cè)試

Intheproteinbiosynthesis,tRNAmoleculesactsasadaptermoleculesthatrecognizebothaspecificnucleotidesequenceandaspecificaminoacid.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Onegeneticcodononlyencodesforoneaminoacid,andeachaminoacidisspecifiedbyonecodon.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

heenzymethatcatalyzestRNAtocarryaminoacidsis（

）

參考答案:

aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetase

Thenumberofcodonsencoding20aminoacidsis（

）

參考答案:

61

Theprocessoftranslationinitiationcomplexformationexcluds（

）

參考答案:

aminoacidactivation

Howmanytranslationinitiationfactorsinprokaryote?

參考答案:

3species

Attheendofpeptidesynthesis,theroleofRFisto（

）

參考答案:

causepeptidyltransferasetobecomeanesterase;promotethereleaseofpeptidechainfromribosome;recognizethestopcodons

Prolongationofeachaminoacidresidueinthenewpeptidechainneed（

）

參考答案:

formationofpeptidebond;translocation;registration

Whichofthefollowingsarethepropertiesofthegeneticcode?

參考答案:

directionality;degeneracy;universality;wobble

Whichofthefollowingmoleculesareneededintranslationofeukaryotes?

參考答案:

eRF;eIF;ATP;eEF

第十三章測(cè)試

Bilirubinisonlysparinglysolubleinplasmaandwater,butintheplasmaitisprotein-bound,specificallytoalbumin.

參考答案:

對(duì)

Thebiotransformationofliverisactuallyakindofdetoxification.

參考答案:

錯(cuò)

Whichofthefollowinggroupsofbileacidsareprimarybileacids（

）

參考答案:

glycinechenodeoxycholicacid,taurinechenodeoxycholicacid

Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutbiotransformationiswrong（

）

參考答案:

reducingoreliminatingtheactivityofnonnutritivesubstances

Inbiotransformation,themostimportantenzymesinvolvedinoxidationare（

）

參考答案:

monooxygenase

Themostcommonconjugationreactioninsecondphaseofbiotransformationisconjugationwith（

）

參考答案:

glucuronicacid

Factorswhichcanaffectbiotr