英語語言學(xué)試卷精粹(12套題)

(完好word版)英語語言學(xué)試卷精髓(12套題)(完好word版)英語語言學(xué)試卷精髓(12套題)(完好word版)英語語言學(xué)試卷精髓(12套題)第一部分選擇題1、Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe___.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic2、Ofallthespeechorgans,the___is/arethemostflexible.A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocalcords3、Themorpheme"vision"inthecommonword"television"isa(n)___.A、boundmorphemeB、boundformC、inflectionalmorphemeD、freemorpheme4、A___intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.A、coordinatorB、particleC、prepositionD、subordinator主從連詞5、"CanIborrowyourbike?"___"Youhaveabike."A、issynonymouswithB、isinconsistentwithC、entailsD、presupposes6、Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalled___.A、semantics

B、pragmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics7、Grammaticalchangesmaybeexplained,inpart,asanalogicchanges,whichare___orgeneralization泛化.A、elaborationB、simplification精簡(jiǎn)C、externalborrowingD、internalborrowing8、___referstoamarginallanguageoffewlexicalitemsandstraightforwardgrammaticalrules,usedasamediumofcommunication.A、Linguafranca通用語B、CreoleC、PidginD、Standardlanguage標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言9、Psychologists,neurologistsandlinguistshaveconcludedthat,inadditiontothemotorareawhichisresponsibleforphysicalarticulationofutterances,threeareasoftheleftbrainarevitaltolanguage,namely,___.A、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandtheangulargyrus角回B、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandcerebralcortexC、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandneuronsD、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandExner'sarea10、AccordingtoKrashen,___referstothegradualandsubconciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.A、learningB、competenceC、performanceD、acquisition第二部分非選擇題11、Chomskydefines"competence"astheidealuser'skoftherulesofhislanguage.12、Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb.13、Misabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.14、Asisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.15、Synonymsthataremutuallysubstitutableunderallcircumstancesarecalledcsynonyms.16、Theillocutionarypointofristocommitthespeakertosomething'sbeingthecase,tothetruthofwhathasbeensaid.17、Wordsarecreatedoutrighttofitsomepurpose.Suchamethodofenlargingthevocabularyisknownaswordc.18、Whereverthestandardlanguagecanuseacontraction(he+isBlack→Englishhe's),candtheformof"be".19、Thebasicessentialsofthefirstlanguageareacquiredintheshortperiodfromaboutagetwotopuberty,whichiscalledthecperiodforfirstlanguageacquisition.20、Asatypeoflinguisticsystemin12learning,iisaproductofL2training,mothertongueintereference,overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,andlearningandcommunicativestrategiesofthelearner.III.Directions:trueorfalse.explainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.( )21、Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.( )22、VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.( )23、Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.( )24、Syntacticcategoriesrefertosentences(S)andclauses(C)only.( )25、DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish.( )26、OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversationalimplicaturesarise.( )27、TheterritoryinwhichtheIndo-EuropeanlanguagesaremainlyspokentodayalsoincludeslanguagesthatarenotIndo-European.( )28、Inmostbilingualcommunities,twolanguageshavethesameinspeechsituationsknownasdomains.( )29、AccordingtothestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,speakers'perceptionsdeterminelanguageandpatterntheirwayoflife.( )30、Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirstlanguage.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%×10=30%)31、duality35、phrasestructurerule39、euphemism32、diachroniclinguistics36、relationalopposites40、brainlateralization33、broadtranscription37、componentialanalysis34、morphologicalrules38、contextV.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)41、Explainhowtheinventoryofsoundscanchange,givingsomeexamplesinEnglishforillustration.42、Brieflydiscusstheindividualfactorswhichaffecttheacquisitionofasecondlanguage.英語語言學(xué)試題（2）一、單項(xiàng)選擇題1.Thepairofwords“l(fā)end”and“borrow”are).(A.gradableoppositesB.relationaloppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms2.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholarA.JacobGrimmB.RasmusRaskC.FranzBoppD.SirWilliamJones3.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas__.( )A.unusualB.somethingtobefearedC.abnormalD.natural

.(

)4.__producefastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.( )A.Broca'saphasicB.ThelinguisticdeprivationC.ThedamageontheangulargyrusD.Wernicke'saphasic5.SomeSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay

“night

”as.“(light)

”.Thisshows:A.Theycannotpronounce/n/B.Interlangueinterferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongueC.TheteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethodD.Theydonotliketopronouncenasalsounds6.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled__word.( )A.apolysemousB.asynonymousC.anabnormalD.amultiple7.Thefunctionofthesentence“Aniceday,isisn't.(it?)”A.informativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative8.ThemostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharein__andvocabulary.(A.usageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure9.__dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.( )A.LinguisticgeographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics

)10.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword

“gentleman

”

canbeexpressed)as__.(A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult二、填空題(每空1分，共10分)11.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofw________toformacompletestatement,q________orcommand.12.Insociolinguisticstudies,speakersaretreatedasmembersofs__g________.13.Utteranceisbasedon________________;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.14.Tomanypeople,alinguististhesameasa________,onewhocanspeakseverallanguagesfluently.15.Consonantsoundscanbeeitherv________orv__,whileallvowelsoundsarev________.三、判斷說明題16.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.()17.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.()18.Linguisticsisthecourseoflanguage.()19.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledpredicate.()20.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.()21.Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyreferstoadistinctformoflanguage.()22.Morphologyistranslatedas形態(tài)學(xué)。()23.Theword“photographicallymade”upisof4morphemes.()24.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.()25.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.()四、名詞講解(每題3分，共30分)26.generallinguistics30.namingtheoryandconceptualistview27.suprasegmentalfeatures31.maximsofqualityandmanner28.rootandstem32.blending29.hierarchicalstructure33.sociolect34.subvocalspeech35.contrastiveanalysis五、論述題(每題10分，共20分)36.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthesyntacticrulesaccountfortheambiguityofsentences.(1)Theshootingofthehuntersmightbeterrible.(2)Hesawyoungmenandwomenpresent.(3)Theyweresurprisedatthepresident'sappointment.37.Decidethemeaningofthefollowingaffixesandgiveeachaffixtwoexamples.re-un-anti-super-

-wise-itis-ize-age英語語言學(xué)試題（

3）第一部分

選擇題.Directions:1.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis______.A.arbitraryB.non-arbitraryC.logicalD.non-productive2.AllthebackvowelsinEnglisharepronouncedwithrounded-lips,i.e.rounded,EXCEPT______.3.Thelevelofsyntacticrepresentationthatexistsbeforemovementtakesplaceiscommonlytermedthe______.A.phrasestructureB.surfacestructureC.syntacticstructureD.deepstructure4.Thetheoryof______accountsforthefactthatnounphrasesappearonlyinsubjectandobjectpositions.A.CaseConditionB.AdjacentConditionC.parameterD.Adjacentparameters5.Thephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameformiscalled______.6.Theutterance"We'realreadyworking25hoursaday,eightdaysaweek."obviouslyviolatesthemaximof______.7.Infirstlanguageacquisitionchildrenusually______grammaticalrulesfromthelinguisticinformationtheyhear.A.useB.acceptC.generalizeD.reconstruct8.Standardizationknownas______isnecessaryinordertofacilitatecommunications.A.languageinterpretationB.languageidentificationC.languagechoiceD.languageplanning9.Whichofthefollowingchoicesisnotthekeybiologicalbasisforhumanlanguageacquisition?A.CerebralcortexB.NeuronsC.EyesD.Angulargyrus

______.10.Basicallyallthefollowingcategoriesexcept______arealwaysmissinginthechildren'stelegraphicspeechstage.A.thecopulaverb"be"B.inflectionalmorphemesC.functionwordsD.contentwords第二部分非選擇題.Directions:11.Languageexistsintimeandchangesthroughtime.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeiscalleda_s_______studyoflanguage.12.Anessentialdifferencebetweenconsonantsandvowelsiswhethertheaircomingupfromthelungsmeetswithany_o________whenasoundisproduced.13.Themorphemesthatcannotbeusedbythemselves,butmustbecombinedwithothermorphemestoformwordsarecalled_b________morphemes.14.XPmaycontainmorethanjustX.Forexample,theNP"theboywholikeshispuppy"consistsofDet,NandS,withDetbeingthe_s________,NtheheadandSthecomplement.15.AccordingtoSearle'sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,"tosuggestthatsomeoneshouldseethedoctor"shouldfallintothecategoryof_d________.16.Hyponymyistherelationshipwhichobtainsbetweenspecificandgenerallexicalitems.Thewordthatismoregeneralinmeaningiscalled_s________.17.Vowelscanbenasalized.Thevowelnasalizationruleisan_a________rule,which,forthemostpart,iscausedbyarticulatoryorphysiologicalprocessinwhichsuccessivesoundsaremadeidentical,ormoresimilar,tooneanother.18.Onemarkofaninformalstyleisthefrequentoccurrenceof_s________wordsandexpressions,whichmakesenseonlytothepeopleofparticularsocialgroupsandserveasamarkofmembershipandsolidaritywithinagivensocialgroup.19.Thebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,called_h________,oneontherightandoneontheleft.20.Linguistsoftenusethetermnativelanguageormothertongueinsteadoffirstlanguage,and_t________languageinsteadofsecondlanguageinsecondlanguageacquisitionliterature.Ⅲ.Directions:21.( )Humancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,i.e.weareallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguageandthedetailsofalanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted.22.()Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionofspeechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconcernedwithhowspeechsoundsdistinguishmeaning.23.()Onlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds.24.()Sentencesarenotformedbyrandomlycombininglexicalitems,butbyfollowingasetofsyntacticrulesthatarrangelinguisticelementsinaparticularorder.25.()Thesamesemanticfeatureoccursinonepartofspeechonly.Forexample,"female"occursonlyinnounssuchas"mother","woman""girl""tigress"andsoonbutnotinotherpartsofspeech.26.()AccordingtoSearle'sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,inviting,ordering,advising,promisingandapologizingallfallintothecategoryofdirectives.27.()Newwordsmaybeformedfromexistingwordsbysubtractinganaffixthoughttobepartoftheoldword;thatis,ignorancesometimescanbecreative.Thus"peddle"wasderivedfrom"peddler"onthemistakenassumptionthatthe"-er"wastheagentivesuffix.28.()WomeninWesterncountriesatleastappeartobemorestatus-consciousandsensitivetothesocialsignificanceofcertainlinguisticvariables.29.()ThecaseofGenieconfirmsthatthelanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecriticalperiodandconsequently,mostlinguisticskillscannotdevelop.30.()Consciousknowledgeoflinguisticrulesdoesensureacquisitionoftherulesandthereforeanimmediateguidanceforactualperformance..Directions:31.erlanguageⅤ.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)41.Explainwithexamplesthethreenotionsofphone,phonemeandallophone,andalsohowtheyarerelated.英語語言學(xué)試題（5）一、單項(xiàng)選擇題1.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa()study.A.comparativeB.diachronicC.up-to-dateD.descriptive2.Ofthethreebranchesofphonetics,thelongestestablished,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,is()phonetics.A.auditoryB.acousticC.articulatoryD.noneoftheabovethree3.Whattheelement-es’‘indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement-ed’‘pasttense,and-ing’‘progressiveaspectSince.theyarethesmallestunitoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso().A.phonemesB.morphemesC.allophonesD.phones4.Sinceearly1980sNoamChomskyandothergeneratvielinguistsproposedanddevelopedatheoryofuniversalgrammarknownasthe()theory.A.speechactB.TGC.principles-and-parametersD.minimalistprogramme5.Onewaytoanalyzelexicalmeaningis().A.predicationanalysisB.stylisticanalysisC.componentialanalysisD.propositionanalysis6.Ofthethreespeechacts,linguistsaremostinterestedinthe()becausethiskindofspeechactisidenticalwiththespeaker’sA.locutionaryactB.illocutionaryactC.perlocutionaryactD.constativeact7.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar().A.SirWilliamJonesB.JohnFirthC.M.A.K.HallidayD.F.D.Saussure8.Abilingualspeakeroftenusestwolanguagesalternativelyduringaconversationwithanotherbilingualspeaker,aspeechsituationknownas().A.discourserole-switchingBactivityrole-switchingC.socialrole-switchingD.code-switching9.AfocalpointofSLAresearchhasbeenthenatureanddevelopmentofL2learners).’(A.secondlanguageB.firstlanguageC.foreignlanguageD.interlanguage10.ItisestimatedthatthenumberofbasicwordsknownbyEnglish-speakingschoolchildrenofagesixisaround().A.7800B.6800C.5800D.4800二、填空題(每題1分，共10分)11.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisas________study.12.Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasi________.13.Accordingtoitspositioninthenewword,a________aredividedintotwokinds:prefixesandsuffixes.14.P________referstothephenomenonthatthesamewordmayhaveasetofdifferentmeanings.15.Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalleds________restrictions.16.Theu________meaningofthesentencevarieswiththecontextinwhichitisuttered.17.Someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandclassifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesinagenealogicalfamilytree,andtoreconstructthep________,theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.R________arelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations.LearnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirL1knowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.Thisisknownaslanguaget________.ArelatedissuewithintegrativemotivationhasbeentheextenttowhichlearnersdifferintheprocessofadaptingtothenewcultureoftheL2community.Thisadaptationprocessiscalleda________.三、判斷說明題21.Modernlinguisticsismainlydiachronic.()22.Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofaseqthusentimakinglphontheme,twophonessimilar.()23.Semantically,themeaningofacompoundisoftenidiomatic,alwaysbeingthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.()24.Syntacticmovementisdictatedbyrulestraditionallycalledtransformationalrules,whoseoperationmaychangethesyntacticrepresentationofasentence.()25.Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythegenerativesemanticiststoanalyzemeaning.()Linguistsfoundthatitwouldbepossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningevenifthecontextoflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.( )27.ItisgenerallyacceptedthatthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguageisdividedintotheperiodsofOldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.( )Whenpeopleofacommunityspeakthesamelanguagefordifferentpurposes,sociolinguisticsituationsknownasdiglossiaandbilingualismemerge.( )Linguisticlateralizationintermsofrighthemisphericdominanceforlanguageisfoundtoexistinanoverwhelmingmajorityofhumanbeings.( )30.Inordertoidentifytheareasoflearningdifficulty,aninterlingualcontrastiveprocedureContrastiveAnalysiswasdeveloped.( )四、名詞講解

(每題

3分，共

30分)31.competenceandperformance32.minimalpair33.morphology34.finiteclause

37.semanticbroadening38.languageplanning39.thecriticalperiodhypothesis40.instrumentalmotivationvs.

integrativemotivation35.senseandreference36.CooperativePrinciple五、論述題41、42小題各7分，第43小題6分，共20分)41.Underwhatconditionswilltwosoundsbeassignedtothesamephoneme?42.Forthefollowingsentence,drawatreediagramtorevealitsunderlyingstructure.Thegirlatetheorange.43.StudythepassagetakenfromShakespeareModernEnglishthatisevident.King:WhereisPolonius?Hamlet:Inheaven,Sendthithertosee.Ifyourmessengerfindhimnotthere,

’sHAMLETbelowcarefullyandidentifyeverydifferenceinexpressionbetweenzabethanEliandseekhimi’theotherplaceyourself.Butindeed,ifyoufindhimnotwithinthismonth,youshallnosehimasyougoupthestairsintothelobby.ActIV,Sceneiii英語語言學(xué)試題（6）.Directions:1.Chomskyusestheterm()torefertotheactualrealizationofalanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticcommunication.A.langueB.competenceC.paroleD.performance2.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof().A.palatalB.alveolarC.bilabialD.dental3.TransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedby()in1957.A.L.BloomfieldB.F.SaussureC.N.ChomskyD.M.A.K.Halliday4.Naturallanguagesareviewedtovaryaccordingto()setonUGprinciplestoparticularvalues.A.AdjacentConditionB.parametersC.CaseConditionD.Caserequirement5.Synonymsareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thekindtowhich“girl”and“l(fā)ass”belong)synonymsiscalled.(A.stylisticB.dialectalC.emotiveD.collocational6.Theillocutionarypointof()istoexpressthepsychologicalstatespecifiedintheutterance.A.representativesB.commissivesC.expressivesD.declaratives7.ModernEnglishwordsman,woman,child,eat,fight,ect.originatefrom().A.MiddleEnglishB.OldEnglishC.FrenchD.NormanFrench8.Inadiglossiccountry,thetwodiglossicformsofalanguagearegenerallytwovarietiesofthesamelanguage,buttherearesituationsinwhichtheH-varietymayhaveno()relationshipwiththeL-variety.A.geneticB.socialC.directD.close9.Manyaphasicsdonotshowtotallanguageloss.Rather,differentaspectsoflanguageareimpaired.Aphasicsin()arearevealword-findingdifficultiesandproblemswithsyntax.A.Werniker’sB.visualC.motorD.Broca’s10.()motivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesirestolearnasecondlanguageinordertocommunicatewithnativespeakersofthetargetlanguage.A.InstrumentalB.FunctionalC.IntegrativeD.Social.Directions:11.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobed_____.12.Stops,fricatives,affricates,liquids,andglidesallhavesomedegreeofo____andarethereforeconsonants.13.M____isthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.14.A_____isthemovementofanauxiliaryverbtothesentence-initialposition,suchas“be”,“have”,“do”etc.R____iswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealworld;itisamatteroftherelationshipbetweenformandthereality.InAustin’searlyspeecheory,acttc____werestatementsthateitherstateordescribe,andwerethusverifiable.Intheprocessoffirstlanguageacquisition,childrenusuallyconstructtheirpersonalgrammars,andtheirlanguagedevelopsinstagesuntilita_____thegrammaticalrulesoftheadultlanguage.As_____communityisonegroup,allofwhosememberssharethesamelanguageoratleastasinglelanguagevariety.Peoplemaycommunicatetheirfeelingsorthoughtsvian_____signalssuchasfacialexpressions,gestures,postures,orproxemicspace.Althoughthedevelopmentofacommunicativesystemisnotuniquetohumanbeings,thenaturalacquisitionofl______asasystemofhighlyabstractrulesandregulationsforcreativecommunicationiswhatdistinguisheshumansfromallotheranimalspecies..Directions:21.()Thewritingsystemofalanguageisalwaysalaterinventionusedtorecordspeech;thustherearestillmanylanguagesintoday’sworldthatcanonlybespoken,butnotwritten.22.()Insuchsoundcombinationsas/bi:p/,/geip/and/su:p/,thevoicelessstop/p/,occurringinthefinalposition,isunaspirated,nouncedwiththestrongpuffofairwithheldtosomeextent.23.()Thepartofspeechofthecompoundisalwaysdeterminedbythepartofspeechofthesecondelement,withoutexception.24.()Therelationshipbetweentheembeddedclauseanditsmatrixclauseisoneofaparttothewhole.25.()Thecontextualistviewofmeaningholdsthatmeaningshouldbestudiedintermsofthesituationalcontextandlinguisticcontext.26.()Searle’sclassificationofillocutionaryactsisbasedontheclassificationofperformativeverbs.27.()Onekindoflanguagechangeresultsinanincreaseofthenumberofexceptionalorirregularmorphemes.Thiskindofchangehasbeencalledinternalborrowing—thatis,we“borrow”fromonepartofthegrammaandpplytherulegenerally.28.()Therearedifferencesinthewaypeopleofvariousagecategoriesspeak.Thedifferencesmosteasilynotedbythelaymanarelikelytobegrammaticalinnature.29.()Thelefthemisphereofthebrainissuperiortotherighthemispherebecausethelefthemisphereislanguage-dominant.30()AchildborntoaChineseorEnglishspeakingfamilytakesaboutthesamenumberofyearstoacquiretheirnativetongue,regardlessoftheirgeneralintelligence..Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration％.(3×10=30％)31.assimilationrule32.root33.boundmorphemes34.surfacestructure35.grammaticality

36.elaboration37.bilingualism38.creole39.theSapir-Whorfhypothesis40.fossilization.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10％×2=20％)Thephonologicalfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofindividualsoundsarecalledsuprasegmentalfeatures.Discussthemainsuprasegmentalfeatures,illustratingwithexampleshowtheyfunctioninthedistinctionofmeaning.Explainandgiveexamplestoshowinwhatwaycomponentialanalysisissimilartotheanalysisofphonemesintodistinctivefeatures.英語語言學(xué)試題（7）一、單項(xiàng)選擇題1.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintostops.fricatives,nasals,etc.,intermsof(A.mannerofarticulationB.opennessofmouthC.placeofarticulationD.voicing2.Thestudyofhowwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalled( ).A.phoneticsB.morphologyC.syntaxD.semantics

).3.AccordingtoChomsky,(

)istheidealuser

’sinternalizedknowledgeofhislanguage.A.competenceB.paroleC.performanceD.langue4.“Sweets”and“candy”areusedrespectivelyninandBritaiAmerica,butrefertothesamething.Thewordsare()synonyms.A.collocationalB.dialectalC.completeD.stylistic5.Differentmeaningscanbeassociatedwithonelinguisticform,butthereisnobasicmeaningamongthem.Thisisknownas().A.homonymyB.hyponymyC.polysemyD.antonymy6.“Howfastdidhedrivewhenherantheredlight?)“He”ran(theredlight”.A.entailsB.contradictsC.presupposesD.includes7.Theword“l(fā)ab”isformedthrough( ).A.backformationB.blendingC.clippingD.derivation8.()inthebrainfulfillsthefunctionofspeechproduction.A.AngulargyrusB.Broca’sareaC.TherighthemisphereD.Wernicke’sarea9.Whenachilduses“mummy”torefertoanywoman,mostprobablyhis“mummy).”means(A.+HumanB.+Human+AdultC.+Human+Adult–MaleD.+Human+Adult-Male+Parent10.()isnotasuprasegmentalfeature.A.AspirationB.IntonationC.StressD.Tone二、在以下空格中填上以給出字母開始的合適的單詞。（每空1分，共16分）D_________isadesignfeatureofhumanlanguagethatenablesspeakerstotalkaboutawiderangeofthings,freefrombarrierscausedbyseparationintimeandspace.S_________studyoflanguagedescribeslanguageatsomepointintime;d_________studydescribeslanguageasitchangesthroughtime.3.N_________transcriptiontranscribessoundswithdiacritics,whileb_________transcriptiondoesnot.Asentencehasahierarchicalstructureandl_________structureaswell.Unlikeasentence,themeaningofanu_________isconcreteandcontext-dependent.ChinesebelongstoS_________languagefamily,whileEnglishbelongstoI_________languagefamily.R_________aresituationaldialectsappropriateforuseinparticularsituations;i_________isapersonaldialect.Whenap_________comestobeadoptedbyapopulationasitsprimarylanguageandchildrenlearnitastheirfirstlanguage,itbecomesc_________.9.I_________istheapproximatelinguisticsystemthatasecondlanguagelearnerconstructs,whichrepresentsthelearnertransitionalcompetenceinthetargetlanguage.10.A_________isthelearner’sprocessptingoftoadathecultureandvaluesystemofthetargetlanguagecommunity.11.Wordsthathavedescendedfromacommonsourcearec_________.三、判斷1.“Beat”andre“notbita”minimalpair.()2.Compoundsarewordscreatedbycombiningtwoormorethantwowords.()3.Linguisticchangeoccursonlyinsoundandlexicalsystem,butnotinsyntax.()4.Inapredication,theargumentissaidtogovernthepredicate.()5.ModernEnglishbeganwiththeNormanConquest.()6.Bilingualismisasituationinwhichtwodifferentvarietiesofalanguageco-existinaspeechcommunity.()7.ThecaseofGeniesuggeststhatthelanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecriticalperiod.()8.Interferenceistheonlysourceoferrorsinthesecondlanguageacquisition.()9.Whenapluralform-sisaddedtoanounthatendswithavowel,itispronouncedas［z］,duetoassimilation.()10.Inthesentence

“Thefatherbeatthechild

”both,“athestruchildturaland”logicalisobject.( )四、名詞講解，并最少舉一例加以說明1.plexsentence

4.reference5.perlocutionaryact6.linguistictaboo五、論述題（每題

10分，共

20分）1.CommentonthefollowingconversationintermsofGrice

’Principle:sCooperativeWhere’veyoubeen?Out.Analysethefollowingwordsandshowhowmanymorphemeseachofthemcontains:specialize,indisputable,individualistic,downfall,unexceptionableness,ungentlemanliness(每個(gè)語素

0.5分)英語語言學(xué)試題（

8）一、單項(xiàng)選擇題1.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare'splay“RomeoandJuliet”‘Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet_______.( )A.theconventionalnatureoflanguageB.thecreativenatureoflanguageC.theuniversalityoflanguageD.thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunication2.Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,only_______ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.( )A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk

’

wellillus3.ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshownina_______formula"S→)NPVP".(A.hierarchicalB.linearC.treediagramD.vertical4.Itisthe_______onCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.( )A.CaseConditionB.parameterC.AdjacentConditionD.AdjacentParameter5.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze_______meaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentence6.AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled_______.(A.commisivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives

)7.Theterm_______linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparative8.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,_______,andkinterm.A.title+firstnameB.title+titleC.titlealoneD.firstname+lastname+title9.Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas"subvocalspeech,"andspeechas"_______".( )A.vocalthoughtB.subvocalthoughtC.covertthoughtD.overtthought10.Whcihofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition?_______.(A.LanguageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformationB.Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeingsC.ChildrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguageD.Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse

)二、填空題(本大題共10小題，每題1分，共10分。)11.Inthecourseoftime,thestudyoflanguagehascometoestablishcloselinkswithotherbranchesofs________studies,suchassociologyandpsychology.12.Clear［1］anddark［］areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations,thustheyaresaidtobeinc________dist