維吉尼亞伍爾夫

TheauthorVirginiaWoolf(25January1882–28March1941)AnEnglishauthor,essayist,publisher,andwriterofshortstories,regardedasoneoftheforemostmodernistliteraryfiguresofthetwentiethcentury.Duringtheinterwarperiod,WoolfwasasignificantfigureinLondonliterarysocietyandamemberoftheBloomsburyGroup.HermostfamousworksincludethenovelsMrs.Dalloway(1925),TotheLighthouse(1927)andOrlando(1928),andthebook-lengthessayARoomofOne'sOwn(1929),withitsfamousdictum,"Awomanmusthavemoneyandaroomofherownifsheistowritefiction.“WoolfisconsideredoneofthegreatestinnovatorsintheEnglishlanguage.Inherworkssheexperimentedwithstream-of-consciousnessandtheunderlyingpsychologicalaswellasemotionalmotivesofcharacters.Woolf'sreputationdeclinedsharplyafterWorldWarII,buthereminencewasre-establishedwiththesurgeofFeministcriticisminthe1970s.ThemovieadaptedfromMrs.Dallowaystream-of-consciousnessthecontinuousflowofsense‐perceptions,thoughts,feelings,andmemoriesinthehumanmind;oraliterarymethodofrepresentingsuchablendingofmentalprocessesinfictionalcharacters,usuallyinanunpunctuatedordisjointedformofinteriormonologue.thetechniquewaspioneeredbyDorothyRichardsoninPilgrimage(1915–35)andbyJamesJoyceinUlysses(1922),andfurtherdevelopedbyVirginiaWoolfinMrsDalloway(1925)andWilliamFaulknerinTheSoundandtheFury(1928).Forafulleraccount,consultRobertHumphrey,StreamofConsciousnessintheModernNovel(1968).BackgroundInlateOctober,1928,VirginiaWoolfdeliveredalectureon"WomenandFiction"atNewnhamandGirton,thetwowomen'scollegeatCambridge,England.WoolfhadwrittenthelectureinMay;in1929,sheexpandeditintowhatisnow"ARoomofOne'sOwn,"andtheessaywaspublishedinbookformonOct.24,1929.Woolfcannilyutilizedthesettingofthelecture.Thefictionaluniversityshevisits,Oxbridge,isanamalgamofEngland'sprestigiousOxfordandCambridgeuniversitiesNewnhamGirtonSummaryPartoneThenarratordoseainvestigationatOxbridgeCollege,whereshereflectsonthedifferenteducationalexperiencesavailabletomenandwomenaswellasonmorematerialdifferencesintheirlives.ShethenspendsadayintheBritishLibraryperusingthescholarshiponwomen,allofwhichhaswrittenbymenandallofwhichhasbeenwritteninanger.Turningtohistory,shefindssolittledataabouttheeverydaylivesofwomenthatshedecidestoreconstructtheirexistenceimaginatively.ParttwoThefigureofJudithShakespeareisgeneratedasanexampleofthetragicfateahighlyintelligentwomanwouldhavemetwithunderthosecircumstances.Inlightofthisbackground,sheconsiderstheachievementsofthemajorwomennovelistsofthenineteenthcenturyandreflectsontheimportanceoftraditiontoanaspiringwriter.Asurveyofthecurrentstateofliteraturefollows,conductedthroughareadingthefirstnovelofoneofthenarrator'scontemporaries.PartthreeWoolfclosestheessaywithanexhortationtoheraudienceofwomentotakeupthetraditionthathasbeensohardlybequeathedtothem,andtoincreasetheendowmentfortheirowndaughters.Highlights1.Onemuststrainoffwhatwaspersonalandaccidentalinalltheseimpressionsandsoreachthepurefluid,theessentialoiloftruthItcharacterizesthenarrator’sinitialmissioninARoomofOne’sOwn.Sheendeavorstofindtheabsolutelyessentialtruthandexposeit,butoverthecourseofthetext,thenarratorcomestorealizethatnoabsolutetruthexists.Sheseesthattheexperienceofeachpersonandhisorherlifeisinextricablefromhisorherperceptionsofreality.2.Itwouldhavebeenimpossible,completelyandentirely,foranywomantohavewrittentheplaysofShakespeareintheageofShakespeare.ItisoneofthemostsignificantconclusionsofARoomofOne’sOwn.Whilethemorecommonargumentisthatthelackofimportant,impressiveliteraryworksbywomenprovesthattheyarelesscapablethanmen,thenarratortakestheoppositeapproach.Whatsherealizesisthattheplayingfieldisincrediblyunequal.Giventhecircumstancesofthetreatmentofwomenofhertime,thereisnowaytheycouldhaverivaledmeninliteraryachievements.3.Lifeforbothsexes—andIlookatthem,shoulderingtheirwayalongthepavement—isarduous,difficult,aperpetualstruggle.Itcallsforgiganticcourageandstrength.Morethananything,perhaps,creaturesofillusionthatweare,itcallsforconfidenceinoneself.

Sheassertsthispointamidstadiscussionabouttheunequaltreatmentofwomenbymen.Thelackofconfidenceamongstwomenhasledtothegenerallyinferiorqualityoftheirart.Sherelatesthefactthatwomencontinuetowriteeventhoughtheyareactuallylackinginconfidencetothewaythatpeoplecontinuelivingtheirlivesevenwhenwrackedbydoubtabouttheirrelevanceinsociety.ThemesTheImportanceofMoneyTheSubjectivityofTruthInterruptionsGenderInequalitySy溜mb壁ol仍sTh暮e陶ce歸nt掉ra至l舉po慌in盾t積ofA凍Ro屬om叔o吊f經(jīng)On綿e’迎s肚Ow凳nis啊t翁ha狂t拌ev肅er逢y遞wo數(shù)ma暮n膚ne健ed喝s滋a裂ro京om淺o著f喪he編r脾ow壯n—有so慶me和th狠in醫(yī)g妹me求n掠ar欲e蘭ab駕le剩t始o混en庭jo仿y持wi填th座ou評t屢qu崗es認ti教on杏.乖A挨ro覽om悔o著f儀he煮r效ow縣n眨wo茶ul溪d筐pr燈ov麥id房誠e擾a軍wo間ma那n臂wi泳th父t暗he助t張im賤e走an洪d取th置e考sp推ac冷e碗to隙e琴ng太ag霜e丸in潤u雜ni汗nt島er功ru傭pt艦ed冤w細ri跪ti衰ng雙t擱im適e.時D蝴ur洗in殊g房誠Wo持ol圓f’絨s永ti境me破,蘋wo均me派n抹ra固re酒ly燈e約nj狂oy恢ed傍t報he插se鋒l澡ux難ur筋ie植s.浩T菠he焦y轉re設ma氣in纏ed現(xiàn)e雜lu犧si說ve河t犯o書wo猶me掩n,盜a仍nd白,尚as石a芽r繭es搞ul追t,醉t居he癢ir續(xù)a棵rt奏s緒uf確fe斯re棟d.抗B援ut壁W支oo倆lf沾i斤s嘩co都nc漲er概ne赴d彈wi飄th代m石or滴e核th砌an患j姓us縣t稼th謠e連ro筍om沖i院ts脹el沖f.Sh躬e哭us擋es叮t宇he圖r須oo崇m鏡as臣a封s岔ym疊bo堤l鴨fo酷r暖ma冊ny采l曬ar瀉ge嚇r莊is攜su施es規(guī),菠su厚ch竊a揪s暮p