主謂一致導(dǎo)學(xué)案

主謂一致導(dǎo)學(xué)案主謂一致是高考英語考點(diǎn)之一，尤其是近年高考有時(shí)吧主謂一致與時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞等語法項(xiàng)目綜合在一起考查，從而增加了難度?！緦W(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】

1．掌握英語主謂一致通常規(guī)律，熟練利用人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

2．能夠在書面表示中杜絕主謂一致方面錯(cuò)誤。

【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】

1．謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)種種情況。

2．就近標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

3．定語從句中主謂一致?！咀灾鲗W(xué)習(xí)】

主謂一致指是謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與主語保持一致。處理主謂一致問題，可依據(jù)三項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：語法上一致、意義上一致和就近一致。依照這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，總結(jié)以下：1.時(shí)間、距離、重量、價(jià)值、數(shù)目等名詞復(fù)數(shù)作整體對(duì)待時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。eg:Thirtydollars____toohighapriceforthebook.（be） Another10years______passedsinceheleft.(have) Fifteenmiles_____likealongwalktome.(seem)2.由主語從句、不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。Whentheywilldiscussit_____notbeenmadepublic.（have）Todieforthepeople_____aworthydeath.(be)Lookingafterthechildren_____herfull-timejob.(be)3.以s結(jié)尾學(xué)科名詞(maths,physics,politics,economics)作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。Physics___worthstudying.(be)Maths___adifficultscience.(be)4.書、報(bào)、地名、國名、組織、疾病等以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。TheTimesusually______fortheBritishgovernment.(speak)TheUnitedStates____madeupof50states.(be)TheUnitedNations____aworldorganization.(be)5.news/crossroads等復(fù)數(shù)形式表單數(shù)概念時(shí)，而works/woodsmeans單復(fù)數(shù)同形，視情況而定。Badnews___wings.(have)（好事不出門，惡事傳千里）Theglassworks_____setupin1980.(be)Everymeans____beentriedtosettletheproblem.(have)Allmeans_____beentriedtosettletheproblem.(have)6.并列主語指同一概念時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。如:breadandbutter(黃油抹面包),knifeandfork(刀叉)Athiefandmurderer____sentencedtodeath.(be)Breadandbutter____servedforbreakfast.(be)Careandpatience____neededinourwork.(be)Earlytobedandearlytorise___agoodhabit.(be)7.some thing＋謂單＋any one＋謂單＋no bodyevery whereSomeone___lookingforyou.(be)Everything___niceinyourgarden.(be)Anyone___forbiddentosmokehere.(be)8.each (each)＋名單＋謂單＋名單and＋名單＋謂單＋名單and＋no nomanya manyaEachmanandeachwoman____invitedtotheparty.(be)Everyboyandeverygirlaswellassometeacherswhotovisitthemuseumaskedtobeattheschoolgatebefore6∶00inthemorning.A.are；areB.is；isC.is；areD.are；is不過，each位于and連接并列單數(shù)主語之后，修飾復(fù)數(shù)概念主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Theboyandthegirleach____theirowntoys.(have)9.manyathewhole＋名詞單數(shù)＋謂單each＋名詞單數(shù)＋謂單everyneithereitherThewholenation____indeepsorrowatLincoln’sdeath.(be)Everycountry_____itscustoms.(have)Neitherstory____true.(be)＋謂單10.each the＋名復(fù)數(shù)＋謂單＋of＋of＋either you注意：noneof和neitherof后面跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)代詞是，有時(shí)作單數(shù)對(duì)待，有時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)對(duì)待，主要依照說話人意思決定。Eitherofthebicycles_____tome.(belong)Neitherofthem_______solvedtheproblem.(have)兩個(gè)全都沒處理問題。Neitherofthem_______solvedtheproblem.(have)兩個(gè)沒有一個(gè)處理了問題。11.由兩個(gè)部分組成物質(zhì)名詞（trousers,pants,jeans,compasses,glasses,shorts等）直接作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，若其前加apairof則由pair單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動(dòng)詞數(shù)。Thispairof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋謂單Thatpairof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋謂單ApairofThetrousers_____cleaning.(need)Thatpairoftrousers______tome.(belong)Here_____somenewpairsofshoes.(be)＋謂語單數(shù)12.Therebe+名單+and+復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋謂語單數(shù)Morethanone+名詞單數(shù)More+名復(fù)+thanone+謂語復(fù)數(shù)Morethanonesoldier____killedinthebattle.（be）Moresoldiersthanone_____killedinthebattle.(be)13.a+名單+and+ahalf+謂單 oneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+謂單Amonthandahalf____passedsinceIsawhim.（have）Oneandahalfapples____leftontheplate.(be)14.man人類＋謂單Alltheworld＋謂單Alltheworld____thattheearthisround.(know)clothing衣著＋名詞單/復(fù)數(shù)＋謂單15.aseriesof＋名詞單/復(fù)數(shù)＋謂單aspeciesofAseriesoflecturesonpsychology___saidtobegivenbyMr.Stone.（be）16.the+姓復(fù)數(shù)形式+謂復(fù)TheGreens____goingtomakeatriptoLondon.(be)17.以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)表示群島，山脈，瀑布等專有名詞+謂復(fù)。ThePhilippines____tothesoutheastofChina.(lie)Asisknowntousall,theRockyMountains____inNorthAmerica.(stand)18.thefolks,people等集體名詞＋謂復(fù) police,cattle等集體名詞＋謂復(fù) Chinese,French其中，Chinese,Japanese,English,French等表示語言時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。Thepolice___runningafterthethief.(be)TheChinese_____veryhard-wording.(be)Chinese____difficulttolearn.(be)19.theblind,deaf,poor,living,young,dead,wounded表示一類人+謂復(fù)。Generally,theyoung____greedy/eager/thirstyforknowledge.(be)20.主語+aswellas,ratherthan,along/togetherwith,like,suchas,besides,but,except+名詞+謂語與前面主語一致。(就遠(yuǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn))HeaswellasI___absentfromthemeeting.(be)21.or,nor,either…or,neither…nor…,notonly…,butalso…直接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語與最近一致。（就近標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）You,heorI___right.(be)Neitheryounorhe___right.(be)___eitherheoryouright?(be)但：BothheandIareright.除外Apairofglassesonthetable，buttheglassesnotyours.A.is；areB.are；isC.is；isD.are；are22.class,army,crew,family,team,enemy,group,party,couple,government,audience,committee等集體名詞+謂語視情況而定,看作整體時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)；強(qiáng)調(diào)其中各個(gè)組員時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。eg:Hisfamily____smallbutthefamily_______advancedworkers.（be）單名＋謂單復(fù)數(shù)＋謂復(fù)不可名＋謂單23.half,part,all,any,some,alot,lots.單名＋謂單復(fù)數(shù)＋謂復(fù)不可名＋謂單Of＋Of＋分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)eg:Fortypercentofthework____beendone.（have） theworks____beenpublished.(have)Mostofthefood____fittoeat.(be) theapples____24.A/the+單名and名單指一個(gè)人+謂單 指兩個(gè)人+謂復(fù)eg:Thewriterandteacher___coming.(be) Thewriterandtheteacher____coming.(be) Themanandwoman_____coming.(be)25.what,who,which,such常與其后名詞作表語一致。eg:Whatyousaid___ofgreatimportance.(be)Whatyouleft____onlyseveraloldbooks.(be) Such____ourplan.(be) Such_____hiswords.(be)26.oneofthe+名復(fù)+謂單 oneofthe+名復(fù)+定語從句+謂復(fù) the(only/very)oneofthe+名復(fù)+定語從句+謂單eg:Heisoneoftheboyswho____helpedme.(have)Heisthe(only)oneoftheboyswho____helpedme.(haveOnlyoneofthestudentswho______(be)present______(be)tospeakatthemeeting.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwhoeveningdressA.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn27.no…but…與前一致名詞/代詞andnot…與前一致Not…but… 與后一致seenthefilm.(have)seenthefilm.(have)Jackandnotwe____Notonebutwe____28.population單復(fù)數(shù)與表語一致。表整體用單數(shù)，表部分用復(fù)數(shù)。eg:ThepopulationofChina_____verylarge.（be）80percentofthepopulationofChina______farmers.（be）29.Thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)+謂單Anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)+謂復(fù)eg:Anumberofrooms____onsale.(be) Thenumberoftherooms____20.(be)30.alargequantityof+名單+謂單 名復(fù)+謂復(fù)/單largequantitiesof+名單/復(fù)+謂復(fù)eg:Largequantitiesofmoney____spentonthebridge.(be)spentonthebridge.(be) Alargequantityofmoney____spentonthebridge.(be) Materials____31.anamountof+不可數(shù)名詞+謂單Amountsof+不可數(shù)名詞+謂復(fù)Alargeamountofmoney_____spentonbooks.(be)Largeamountsofmoney_____spentonbooks.(be)32.avarietyof+名復(fù)+V復(fù) 名單+V單Thevarietyof+名復(fù)+V單Varietiesof名單/復(fù)數(shù)+謂復(fù)eg:Agreatvarietyofflowers____shownthere.(be)There_____aconsiderablevarietyofopinion.(be)There_____severalvarietiesofredroses.(be)33.Anaverageof+名復(fù)+謂復(fù)theaverageof+名復(fù)+謂單eg:Anaverageof3students_____absenteachday.(be) Theaverageof14,3and1____16.(be)34.atotalof+名復(fù)+謂復(fù)Thetotalof名復(fù)+謂單eg:Atotalof300letters_____receivedlastmonth.(be) Thetotaloflettersreceivedlastmonth___300.(be)35.amajority/minorityof+名復(fù)+謂復(fù)Themajority/minority+謂單/復(fù)Themajority/minorityof+名復(fù)+謂單/復(fù)數(shù)Amajorityofpeople_____partinthesportsmeet.(take)Themajority______infavoroftheplan.(be)Themajorityofpopulation_______incities.(live)36.oneortwo+名復(fù)+謂復(fù) a+名單ortwo+謂單 在倒裝句中oneortwo+名復(fù)+謂單eg:Oneortwodays____enoughforthem.(be)Abookortwo___enough.(be)Insideeachfolder（卷宗）_____oneortwosheetsofinformation.(be)ItisnotJ.K.Rowlingbutherworksthatusexcited.A.makesB.ismadeC.makeD.aremade37.onein/outof/of+名復(fù)+謂單，但在新聞報(bào)道中在非正式文體中也可用復(fù)數(shù)。eg:Oneoutoftwenty_____badlydamaged.(be)38.all作主語，若指人，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；若指物，謂語用單數(shù)。All____present.(be)All____goingonverywell.(be)Allthatshouldbedone___beendone.(have)39.a/thiskind/sort/type/formof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞all/manykinds/sorts/types/formsof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞謂語由of前名詞決定復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thiskind/sort/type/formThisnewtypeofbuses_____nowonshow.(be)Busesofthistype_____onshow.(be)Allkindsofdifficulties_____tobeovercome.(have)活學(xué)活用：Mathematics_____thelanguageofscience.(be)Manyastudent______English.(love)There_____manybooksandapenonthedesk.(be)Morethanoneexample______necessarytomakethestudentsunderstandthisruleclearly.(be)NobodybutJane_____thesecret.(know)Noboyandnogirl____admitted.(be)Onthebed___apairofsocks.(be)ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,____workingontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.(be)Threeglassesofwater____whatIwant.(be)Thosekindsoffruit_____cheap.(be)Booksofthiskind_____well.(sell)NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.(be)Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory______yet.(decide)TwothirdsofTom’sfriends____(be)poorandtwothirdsofhismoney____(go)tothesepoorfriends.ItisIwho____yourtruefriend.(be)Inthedarkforests_____manylakes.(lie)Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth_____eachyear.A.iswashingawayB.isbeingwash