考研英語模擬真題及解析

全國攻讀碩士學(xué)位碩士入學(xué)考試英語試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CORDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious1tohowtheycanbest2suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand3,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.4theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe5thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare6byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe7toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,8，publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,9studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide10opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful11dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe12ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult13visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave14attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized15participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto16elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants17.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.18theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby19forrolesthatarewithintheir20andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.1.[A]thought[B]idea[C]opinion[D]advice2.[A]strengthen[B]accommodate[C]stimulate[D]enhance3.[A]care[B]nutrition[C]exercise[D]leisure4.[A]If[B]Although[C]Whereas[D]Because5.[A]assistance[B]guidance[C]confidence[D]tolerance6.[A]claimed[B]admired[C]ignored[D]surpassed7.[A]improper[B]risky[C]fair[D]wise8.[A]ineffect[B]asaresult[C]forexample[D]inasense9.[A]displaying[B]describing[C]creating[D]exchanging10.[A]durable[B]excessive[C]surplus[D]multiple11.[A]group[B]individual[C]personnel[D]corporation12.[A]consent[B]insurance[C]admission[D]security13.[A]particularly[B]barely[C]definitely[D]rarely14.[A]similar[B]long[C]different[D]short15.[A]ifonly[B]nowthat[C]sothat[D]evenif16.[A]everything[B]anything[C]nothing[D]something17.[A]off[B]down[C]out[D]alone18.[A]Onthecontrary[B]Ontheaverage[C]Onthewhole[D]Ontheotherhand19.[A]making[B]standing[C]planning[D]taking20.[A]capability[B]responsibility[C]proficiency[D]efficiencySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage—spyingasa“profession.”ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit“opensourceintelligence,”andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpen-SourceSolutions，whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthenewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.ManyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatStraifordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster’sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newinternetsign-upsfromUkraine,”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”O(jiān)pen-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.21.TheemergenceoftheNethas.[A]receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan[B]remoldedtheintelligenceservices[C]restoredmanycommonpastimes[D]revivedspyingasaprofession22.Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextto.[A]introducethetopicofonlinespying[B]showhowhefoughtfortheUS[C]giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar[D]honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA23.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans.[A]causingthebiggesttrouble[B]exertingthegreatesteffort[C]achievingthegreatestsuccess[D]enjoyingthewidestpopularity24.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that.[A]straitford’spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue[B]straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation[C]straitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability[D]straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation25.Straitfordismostproudofits.[A]officialstatus[B]nonconformistimage[C]efficientstaff[D]militarybackgroundText2Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”O(jiān)nesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothing,thereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.26.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto.[A]callonscientiststotakesomeactions[B]criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights[C]warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch[D]showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement27.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis.[A]cruelbutnatural[B]inhumanandunacceptable[C]inevitablebutvicious[D]pointlessandwasteful28.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s.[A]discontentwithanimalresearch[B]ignoranceaboutmedicalscience[C]indifferencetoepidemics[D]anxietyaboutanimalrights29.Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould.[A]communicatemorewiththepublic[B]employhi-techmeansinresearch[C]feelnoshamefortheircause[D]strivetodevelopnewcures30.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis.[A]awell-knownhumanist[B]amedicalpractitioner[C]anenthusiastinanimalrights[D]asupporterofanimalresearchText3Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment'sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,and

willworkonlyintrulyextremecases.Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone'scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.It'stheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes,stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail'snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjust$427million,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who'sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.31.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergers,railwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause.[A]costreductionisbasedoncompetition.[B]servicescallforcross-tradecoordination.[C]outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist.[D]shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat.32.Whatismanycaptiveshippers'attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry?[A]Indifferent.[B]Supportive.[C]Indignant.[D]Apprehensive.33.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that.[A]shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad.[B]therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide.[C]overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief.[D]agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness.34.Theword“arbiters”(line7,paragraph4)mostprobablyreferstothose.[A]whoworkascoordinators.[B]whofunctionasjudges.[C]whosupervisetransactions.[D]whodeterminetheprice.35.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby.[A]thecontinuingacquisition.[B]thegrowingtraffic.[C]thecheeringWallStreet.[D]theshrinkingmarket.Text4ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.In1950,theUSspent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In,thecostwillbe$1,540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”,sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Asaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.36.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?[A]Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople.[B]Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore.[C]Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology.[D]Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy.37.Theauthorusestheexampleofcanerpatientstoshowthat.[A]medicalresourcesareoftenwasted[B]doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases[C]sometreatmentsaretooaggressive[D]medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable38.Theauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisoneof.[A]strongdisapproval[B]reservedconsent[C]slightcontempt[D]enthusiasticsupport39.IncontrastotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare.[A]moreflexibly[B]moreextravagantly[C]morecautiously[D]morereasonably40.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat.[A]medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives[B]lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving[C]deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife[D]excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcarePartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreative,possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.（41）Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.Therefore,itisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmanner,withthehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth.“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos“human”andlogos“thestudyof.”Byitsveryname,anthropologyencompassesthestudyofallhumankind.Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.（42）Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,political,science,psychology,andsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.Anthropologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinanalysis.（43）Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwithacross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.Anthropologicalanalysesrestheavilyupontheconceptofculture.SirEdwardTylor’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsof19thcenturyscience.（44）Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Thisinsight,soprofoundinitssimplicity,openedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghumanlife.ImplicitwithinTylor’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearned.shared,andpatternedbehavior.（45）Thus,theanthropologicalconceptof“culture,”liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics,isanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.SectionIIIWriting46.Directions:Studythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayentitledinwhichyoushould1）describethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and2）pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)第一部分英語知識利用試題解析一、文章總體分析文章主要闡述了教師們應(yīng)該關(guān)注青少年在成長時(shí)期所經(jīng)歷情感、心智和生理上改變，并采取方法幫助他們適應(yīng)這些改變，健康成長。第一段第一、二句是主題句，點(diǎn)明文章主題。從第三句開始介紹了青少年各種改變，如：自我意識很強(qiáng)，需要從成功中取得自信等。接下來是對老師提議：設(shè)計(jì)有更多優(yōu)勝者活動，組織各種小型俱樂部，讓成年人在幕后支持。第二段尤其強(qiáng)調(diào)教師在設(shè)計(jì)活動時(shí)要注意保持其多樣性，以適應(yīng)青少年注意力連續(xù)時(shí)間短特點(diǎn)。另外，成年人要幫助學(xué)生在活動中培養(yǎng)責(zé)任感。二、試題詳細(xì)解析1.[A]（give）thought(to)想過，思索[B]（givesb.an/some）idea（of）使了解……情況[C]（haveagood/bad）opinion(of)對……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提提議[答案]A[解析]本題考評知識點(diǎn)是：平行句子結(jié)構(gòu)+固定搭配。首先，從文章結(jié)構(gòu)上看，第一段第一、二句是平行并列句：Teachersneedtobeawareof（教師應(yīng)該注意）和Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious1to（同時(shí)他們須認(rèn)真……）。注意第二句中兩個(gè)they分別指代了第一句中teachers和youngadults，第二句中g(shù)iveserious1to與第一句中beawareof（知道，意識到）也應(yīng)在意義上相呼應(yīng)。其次，考生需要判斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪一個(gè)能與give...to組成短語。idea這個(gè)詞詞義很豐富，包含“想法、意思、概念、思想、意識、打算、提議”等，但通常與介詞of而不是to連用；opinion意為“意見；看法”，通常不與give搭配；advice（提議）即使可與give及to搭配，但介詞to后應(yīng)接人，即提議接收者，假如要表示“提出…方面提議”，應(yīng)該用“giveadviceonsth.”。只有g(shù)ivethoughtto是一個(gè)固定搭配，其中thought不能替換為別詞匯，它放入句中表示“同時(shí)他們也應(yīng)該對這些年輕人怎樣最好地2這些改變加以思索”。例句補(bǔ)充：Igavemuchthoughttowhathesaidyesterday.（我對他昨天說那番話做了許多思索）；ThebookgivesyouagoodideaoflifeinancientGreece.(這本書能讓你對古希臘生活有一些了解)；Everyonehasapooropinionofacoward.（每個(gè)人對懦夫印象都不好）；NowIwanttogiveyousomeadvice.(現(xiàn)在我想給你提些提議)。2.[A]strengthen加強(qiáng)，鞏固[B]accommodate適應(yīng)，調(diào)整[C]stimulate刺激，激勵(lì)[D]enhance提升，增強(qiáng)[答案]B[解析]本題考評知識點(diǎn)是：動賓搭配。本題要求考生判斷哪個(gè)動詞能夠與suchchanges組成動賓搭配。suchchanges在這里指是第一句提到theemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchanges。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，空格所在部分是由how連接一個(gè)句子做givethoughtto介詞賓語。句子中they指代是youngadults（年輕人）。從語意上看，考生關(guān)鍵要判斷“年輕人”對他們“情感、心智和生理上改變”做什么動作，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中accommodate表示含義最恰當(dāng)，即“適應(yīng)改變”。整個(gè)句子含義是“教師也需要認(rèn)真考慮年輕人怎樣最好地適應(yīng)這些（情感、心智和生理上）改變”。常與change搭配動詞請參見第13題。知識點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：accommodate表示“適應(yīng)”時(shí)，還慣用accommodateoneselftosth.結(jié)構(gòu)，例句：Hehastoaccommodatehimselftochangedsituation.（他不得不適應(yīng)改變了形勢）。3.[A]care關(guān)心，照料[B]nutrition營養(yǎng)[C]exercise練習(xí)，鍛煉[D]leisure空閑，安逸[答案]C[解析]本題考評知識點(diǎn)是：上下文語意+名詞詞義辨析。文中相關(guān)部分是“成長身體需要運(yùn)動和__3__，但不但僅是在強(qiáng)調(diào)競賽方面需要這些”。所以考生需要判斷空格處應(yīng)填入什么名詞，與movement并列做need賓語。首先，考生判斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪一個(gè)是身體成長時(shí)所需要（除運(yùn)動以外）另一樣?xùn)|西。從某種意義上說，選項(xiàng)中所提到四種東西都是需要，不過下文對這里所需要東西進(jìn)行了限定，即，和movement一樣都能夠經(jīng)過競賽方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)。這么只有exercise適宜，它與competition屬于同一語義范圍，并能夠用于競賽。4.[A]If（表?xiàng)l件）[B]Although（表轉(zhuǎn)折）[C]Whereas然而，反之，不過，（表轉(zhuǎn)折）[D]Because（表因果）[答案]D[解析]本題考評知識點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系。空格所在長句中包含了兩個(gè)由逗號隔開分句：__4__theyareadjustingto…，teenagersareespeciallyself-conscious。兩個(gè)分句有共同主語，前一句中they就指代下一句中teenagers?？忌枰袛噙@兩個(gè)分句之間是什么邏輯關(guān)系。從語意上看，前一分句意為“青少年正在適應(yīng)新身體情況、心智和情感方面很多挑戰(zhàn)”，下一分句意為“他們自我意識很強(qiáng)”，顯然這之間不是條件或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而是一個(gè)因果關(guān)系，即“因?yàn)檫m應(yīng)改變，所以自我意識強(qiáng)烈”。所以because最為恰當(dāng)。知識點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：ahostof表示“一大群，好些”，常接可數(shù)名詞，例句：Ihaveahostofthingstodotoday.(我今天有一大堆事情要做)。5.[A]assistance幫助，幫助[B]guidance引導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)[C]confidence信心[D]tolerance容忍[答案]C[解析]本題考評知識點(diǎn)是：上下文語義+名詞詞義辨析。文中相關(guān)部分是：（teenagers）needthe5thatcomesfromachievingsuccess（青少年需要由取得成功而得到……），其中that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾空格處名詞。所以考生只需要判斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪一樣?xùn)|西能夠從成功中得到。通常來講，取得成功后，我們經(jīng)常得到是confidence（信心）。6.[A]claimed（依照權(quán)利）要求，索取，主張[B]admired羨慕，贊美[C]ignored無視[D]surpassed超越[答案]B[解析]本題考評知識點(diǎn)是：常識+動詞詞義辨析。本題考點(diǎn)與上題有重合地方。文中相關(guān)部分是：（teenagers）needtheconfidencethatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare6byothers（青少年需要自信，自信來自成功，也來自知道他們成績受到他人……）。首先，考生要注意分析其中定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：句中主語是that指代先行詞confidence，謂語是comesfrom，賓語是兩個(gè)動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)achievingsuccess和knowingthat…。所以考生關(guān)鍵要判斷青少年自信來自于知道他們成績（accomplishments）受到他人什么。依照常識，只有當(dāng)自己成績受到他人羨慕時(shí)，人們才會產(chǎn)生信心。顯然只有admired符合文意。知識點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：accomplishment構(gòu)詞法是：accomplish（完成）+-ment（名詞后綴表行為），類似詞還有achievement，development，establishment，fulfillment等。7.[A]improper不恰當(dāng)[B]risky危險(xiǎn)[C]fair公平，漂亮[D]wise明智[答案]D[解析]本題考評知識點(diǎn)是：上下文語義+形容詞詞義辨析?？崭袼诰渥泳湫徒Y(jié)構(gòu)是somuchcompetitionthat…，句意為“青少年經(jīng)典生活中已經(jīng)充滿了這么多競爭，以至于策劃勝者多敗者少活動將是__7__”?？忌枰袛嘣诔錆M競爭青少年生活中，設(shè)計(jì)一些不那么具備競爭性活動是怎樣。因?yàn)樯衔囊辉購?qiáng)調(diào)，青少年需要成功和信心，所以這里應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)表示必定態(tài)度詞，來必定這種勝者多敗者少活動，這么就能夠首先排除improper和risky。在剩下fair和wise中，后者更符合句意，因?yàn)檫@里問題不是公平是否，而是是否明智。讓更多青少年在活動中經(jīng)過取勝來取得信心是明智做法，是適合他們成長需要。8.[A]ineffect實(shí)際上[B]asaresult結(jié)果，（表因果關(guān)系）[C]forexample比如，（表例證關(guān)系）[D]inasense在某種意義上[答案]C[解析]本題考評知識點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袂拔氖莟oplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers（策劃一些勝者多敗者少活動），后文是publishingnewsletterswithmanystudentwrittenbookreviews（出版刊有許多學(xué)生撰寫書評通訊）。本題要求考生判斷兩部分之間是什么邏輯關(guān)系。從語意上看，前文是泛指一些活動（activities），后文是詳細(xì)活動（publishingnewsletters），所以二者之間是綜述和例證邏輯關(guān)系，“發(fā)表學(xué)生寫書評”是“勝者多敗者少活動”例子。能夠表示例證邏輯關(guān)系只有forexample。9.[A]displaying展示[B]describing描寫[C]creating創(chuàng)造[D]exchanging交換[答案]A[解析]本題考評知識點(diǎn)是：上下文語義+動賓搭配。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上看，__9___studentartwork和前面publishingnewsletters以及后面sponsoringbookdiscussionclubs在結(jié)構(gòu)上并列，都是教師策劃勝者多敗者少活動例子。所以考生需要判斷選項(xiàng)中哪個(gè)動名詞中關(guān)鍵動詞能與studentartwork（學(xué)生藝術(shù)品）組成動賓搭配，并表現(xiàn)出勝者多敗者少特點(diǎn)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有“展示（displaying）”符合句意。10.[A]durable耐用，持久[B]excessive過多，額外[C]surplus多出，過剩[D]multiple眾多，多樣[答案]D[解析]本題考評知識點(diǎn)是：句內(nèi)語義+形容詞詞義辨析。文中相關(guān)部分是Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide10__opportunities，它要求考生判斷各種各樣小型俱樂部能夠提供什么樣機(jī)會。解題關(guān)鍵詞是前面variety（多樣，多樣性），多個(gè)多樣俱樂部應(yīng)該提供多個(gè)多樣（multiple）機(jī)會，而不是持久（durable），過多（excessive）或多出（surplus）機(jī)會。詞匯補(bǔ)充：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，durable原義是“能夠抵抗磨損，撕扯或腐蝕”，引伸義是“持久”，如：adurablefriendship（持久友情）；excessive指“過多，過量”，多為貶義，如：excessivedrinking（酗酒）；surplus指“比需要或必需更多”，如：surpluspopulation（過剩人口）；multiple指“復(fù)合，由多個(gè)部分組成，多樣”，如：amanofmultipleinterests(興趣廣泛人)。11.[A]group團(tuán)體，組，群，批[B]individual個(gè)人（）[C]personnel人員，職員[D]corporation企業(yè)[答案]A[解析]本題考評知識點(diǎn)是：上下文語義+名詞詞義辨析。文中相關(guān)部分是clubscanprovideopportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful11_dynamics，注意其中連詞aswellas（而且）表明forpractice和forleadership并列修飾opportunities，即“俱樂部不但提供（學(xué)生）培養(yǎng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能機(jī)會，也提供成功地參加…練習(xí)機(jī)會?！眃ynamics意為“動力學(xué)”，“動態(tài)關(guān)系”，這里表示一個(gè)動態(tài)人際互動關(guān)系?？忌枰袛鄬W(xué)生在俱樂部里能夠進(jìn)