2023學(xué)年完整公開課版Unit5Firstaid-Grammar

GrammarEllipsis省略Grammar為了避免重復(fù)，將句子中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)成分省去，這種語法現(xiàn)象叫省略。省略是避免重復(fù)、突出新信息并使上下文緊密連接的一種語法手段。運(yùn)用修辭手段的目的之一就是節(jié)約用詞、避免重復(fù)。一般來說，只要不會(huì)損害結(jié)構(gòu)或引起歧義，能省略的地方就應(yīng)省略，省略的結(jié)果不但使句子顯得緊湊，而且句子中幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞的意義也被突出出來了。Burnsarecalledfirst,secondorthirddegreeburns…Theseaffectboththetopandthesecondlayeroftheskin.觀察下列的句子degreeburnslayeroftheskin常省略的成分1.省略主語(It)doesn’tmatter.(It)soundslikeagoodidea.省略主語2、省略主謂或主謂語的一部分。What(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea?Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?省略主語和謂語一部分3、省略表語–Areyouthirsty?–Yes,IamHisbrotherisn’tlazy,norishissister省略表語(thirsty).(lazy).4、同時(shí)省略多種成分Let’smeetatthesameplaceasyesterday.同時(shí)省略主語、謂語(wemet)–Haveyoufinishedyourwork?–Notyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.同時(shí)省略與上文重復(fù)的主、謂、賓語5、省略系動(dòng)詞MaLinisabus-driver，hiswifeaconductor.Hisfaceistannedandhishandsbigandstrong.省略系動(dòng)詞isare簡單句中的省略1.在對(duì)話中--Howisyourmothertoday?--(Sheis)muchbetter.2.在祈使句中(You)openthedoor,please.3.在感嘆句中Whata(good)boy(heis)!How(hard)theyareworking!4.表示講話人的意見和看法(It)soundsfinetome.(It’sa)pityyoucouldn’tcome.5.提問(Isthere)anythingwrong?(Haveyou)foundthebike?6.名詞所有格修飾的名詞若表示店鋪,住宅,

教堂或上下文已暗示或明確指出過的事物Athermother’s(house)shepassedmanyhappydays.并列句中的省略Mybrotherisadoctorandmysister-in-law(is)alawyer.省略相同的謂語動(dòng)詞1、兩個(gè)并列句中，后一個(gè)分句常省略

與前一分句中相同的部分。Whensummercomes,thedayisgettinglongerandlonger,andthenight(isgetting)shorterandshorter.(isgetting)(is)省略相同的謂語動(dòng)詞復(fù)合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略,多見句首，

多用于口語中。

Sorrytohearyouareill.Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.(I’m)(It’sa)有時(shí)省略從句中與主句相同的部分--ShallIgotoplay?--Ifyoulike,.(youcangotoplay)有時(shí)主句與從句各有一些成分被省略Thesooner,thebetter.(youdoit)(itwillbe)Weallknow(that)theearthrunsaroundthesun.2.賓語從句中的省略賓語從句中常省略連詞that，但當(dāng)有兩個(gè)并列的賓語從句時(shí)，第二個(gè)that則不能省略。Marysaid(that)sheisfromAmericanandthatsheis16yearsold.由which,when,where,how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，可全部或部分省去,只保留引導(dǎo)詞Pleasepassmeoneofthesebooks,Idon’tcarewhich(youpassme).(youpassme)－AreyouleavingforBeijingthisSunday?

－Ithinkso.soI’mleavingforBeijingthisSunday.－Tommustbefreetoday.－Ifso,hecanhelpus.soheisfree.有時(shí)賓語從句被省略、而用so或not來代替－Itisgoingtorain,isn’tit?

－Ihopenot.notitisnotgoingtorain.這種用法常見的有：Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso.Isuppose/believe/hopenot.Whynot?3.定語從句中的省略在定語從句中，that,which,who在從句

中作賓語時(shí)可省略。Ihaven’treadthebook(that/which)you’rereading.Theman(that/who)yourfatherjusttalkedtoisourEnglishteacher,Mr.Smith.4.狀語從句中的省略在以when,while,once引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從

句及以if,unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中和

though,although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，

如果從句中的主語與主句中的主語指同

一對(duì)象，且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句

中可省去“主語+be”部分。Whenaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.Whenhewasaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.Ifheisfree,Jackwillgowithus.hewasIffree,Jackwillgowithus.

heisUnlessinvited,hewon’tcome.Unlessheisinvited,hewon’tcome.Whileheisdoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.heisWhiledoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.heis有時(shí)條件從句可以完全省去，只剩下主句。Iwouldhavecomeyesterday(ifIhadwantedto).以as,than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句可以全部或部分省去。Afterhalfahour,shebecomequieter(thanshehadbeen.)(ifIhadwantedto)(thanshehadbeen.)不定式中的省略動(dòng)詞不定式中為了避免重復(fù)，省去與前面出現(xiàn)的相同部分，只保留to，但如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有be，have,havebeen時(shí)，要保留這些詞。

–Areyougoingthere?–

Yes,I’dliketo.Hedidn’tgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto.–Areyouanengineer?–

No,butIwantto.–Hehasn’tfinishedthetaskyet.–Well,heoughtto.(gothere).(givemethechance).behave使役動(dòng)詞及感官動(dòng)詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式一定要省去to,但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中須將to復(fù)原。InoticedamantoentertheclassroomwhenIpassedby.Amanwasnoticedtoentertheclassroom.這類動(dòng)詞一“感”:二“聽”:三“讓”:四“看”:feelhearlistentohavemakeletwatchnoticeobservesee并列的不定式可省去后面的to.

Itoldhimtositdown

and

waitforamoment.help的賓語或賓補(bǔ)的不定式符號(hào)to可帶可不帶.Iwillhelp(to)doitforyou.

Iwillhelpyou(to)doit.介詞but前若有動(dòng)詞do,后面的不定式不帶to.Theboydidnothingbutplay.

主語中有動(dòng)詞do時(shí)表語的不定式to可帶可不帶。

Whatwecandonowis(to)wait.虛擬中的省略在以if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中若含有were,had,should時(shí),常可以省略if而將were,had,should置于句首。WereIyou,I’dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.WereHadIalotofmoney,I’daidthepoorchildren.HadShouldtherebebird-flu,whatwouldwedo?ShouldIfIwereyou,I’dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.IfIhadalotofmoney,I’daidthepoorchildren.Hesuggestweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should)在含有表示“命令、要求、建議”等意義的從句中使用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬語氣的，should常可以省略。Hissuggestionisthatweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should)Theorderthatweshouldstaywhereweareisveryseriousandsevere.(should)It’sveryimportantthatstudentsshouldstudyhardatschool.(should)英語中常見句式的省略有：1.答語中“Itis…(that…)”強(qiáng)調(diào)句

中that至句末為避免重復(fù)省略。2.(Itis)Nowonder…(難怪…)3.Spendtime(in)doingsth4.(You’d)Betterdo5.havesomedifficulty(in)doing,6.prevent/stopsb(from)doingsth省略在英語中廣泛應(yīng)用，

做好該類題型一是要注意上下文語境，二是要注意常見句式的省略?？鞓敷w驗(yàn)(

You)openthedoor.Please!---WouldyouliketowatchNBA?---(It)soundslikeagoodidea.—Isheateacher?—Yes,heis(ateacher).Hissisterisn’tlazy,norishisbrother(lazy).

－WillLiuxiangwinthefirstprizeinthe2008OlympicGames?－Sorry,Idon’tknow(whetherhewillwinthefirstprizeinthe2008OlympicGamesornot).---Doyouthinkitwillrain?---Ithinknot.

(Idon’tthinkitwillrain)---Doyouthinkitwillrain?---Ithinkso.(thatitwillrain)–AreyougoingtoTibet?--Yes,I’dliketo(gothere).---Haveyoueverbeentotheseaside?---No.Ishouldhave

(beentotheseaside),

butIwasbusythen.---Isheapainter?---Yes,heis(apainter).---Areyouapainter?---No,butIwanttobe(apainter).(Thereis)Nosmoking.(Comein)Thisway,please.(I’m)Sorrytohearyouareill.(Willyou)Haveasmoke/acupoftea?Whatawonderfultime(wehad)!While(youare)crossingtheroad,youmustbecareful.If(itis)heated,thewaterbecomessteam.小試身手(全國卷)Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun狀語從句中，如果主句的主語和從句的主語一致，且狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞中有be動(dòng)詞，從句的主語連同be可一起省略，該類狀語從句多為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步等，連詞為when,while,though,if,unless,although,asif等，后面通常接分詞、不定式、形容詞、名詞等。2.(上海卷)Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_________.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone不定式在感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和使役動(dòng)詞have,make,let后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),不定式省略to。3.(NMET)---I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycar?---Notatall.________.(1995NMET)A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbehappyto動(dòng)詞love,mean,want,hate,like,wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，常省略與上文相同的動(dòng)詞，只保留to不定式符號(hào)。4.(江蘇卷)---Youhaven’tlosttheticket,haveyou?---______.Iknowit’snoteasytogetanotheroneatthemoment.A.IhopenotB.Yes,IhaveC.IhopesoD.Yes,I’mafraidso替代詞so/not用于避免重復(fù)前面所說過的內(nèi)容，代替肯定的名詞性從句。可與動(dòng)詞believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think等及I’mafraid連用?？隙〞r(shí)上列動(dòng)詞都可與so搭配，否定時(shí)hope與guess只用Ihopenot和Iguessnot形式，而think,believe,suppose等詞可有兩種否定形式，即：Ithinknot或Idon’tthinkso.5.(上海卷)_____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will在書面語中,當(dāng)條件從句有were,had,should時(shí)省略if,把它們提至句首,形成倒裝句式。在含有建議、要求、命令等相關(guān)的名詞性從句用should+V，should可以省略。高考鏈接1（2011全國II）Itwasanicemeal,_______alittleexpensive.A.thoughB.whetherC.asD.since高考鏈接句意：那頓飯真美味，盡管有點(diǎn)貴。though“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句該句使用了省略形式，補(bǔ)全后為“thoughitwasalittleex-pensive”。注意as也可以表示“盡管”，但as作“盡管”講時(shí)，必須使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。2（2011全國）---WecouldinviteJohnandBarbaratotheFridaynightparty.---Yes,_____?I’llgivethemacallrightnow.A.whynotB.WhatforC.whyD.what高考鏈接Whynot?“為什么不？”表示同意。是一種省略結(jié)構(gòu)，這次相當(dāng)于WhynotinviteJohnandBarbaratoFridaynightparty?3（2011新課標(biāo)）—Artisticpeoplecanbeverydifficultsometimes.—Well,youmarriedone.__________.A.YounameitB.I’vegotitC.Ican’tagreemoreD.Youshouldknow高考鏈接Youshouldknow后面省略了與上文重復(fù)的內(nèi)容。句意為“藝家有時(shí)候是很困難的?！?，你嫁了一位藝術(shù)家，你應(yīng)該知道的。4

【2011重慶】—DoyouhaveMary’sphonenumber?—Sorry,_____.A.Idon’tknowB.forgetitC.hereyouareD.Ican’tremember高考鏈接此題容易誤選A。但是注意語境，“你有Mary的電話號(hào)碼嗎？”“對(duì)不起，我忘了?！笨隙ú豢赡苁恰拔也恢牢矣袥]有Mary的電話號(hào)碼”，而選A正是這個(gè)意思，故排除。remember后面省略了重復(fù)賓語。練一練1.—Tomorrowisaholiday.Whyareyoudoingyourhomework?—IamdoingtheseexercisesnowsothatIwon’thave_____onSunday.A.itB.themC.forD.to2.---Wheredidyouseehimlastnight?---Itwasinthehotel____hestayed.A.whereB.thatC.whichD./3.----ShallIinviteAnntomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening?----Yes.It’llbefineifyou______.A.areB.canC.inviteD.do4.----I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?----Notatall______.A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbegladto5.-----Haveyoufedthecat?------No,but______.A.I’mB.IamC.I’mjustgoingD.I’mjustgoingto6.________besenttoworkthere?A.WhodoyousuggestB.WhodoyousuggestthatshouldC.DoyousuggestwhoshouldD.Doyousuggestwhomshould7.——Islippedonthestairs.Ithinkmyarmisbroken.”——“Oh!I_______.”A.donothopeto B.donothopeC.hopenotsoD.hopenot8.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim__.A.notto B.nottodo C.notdoitD.donotdo9.——“Don’tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.”——“_______.”A