2022年考研英語閱讀理解沖刺重點(diǎn)預(yù)測25篇-(第10篇)

2022年考研英語閱讀理解沖刺重點(diǎn)預(yù)測25篇(第10篇)第10篇

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Inbothrichandpoorcountries,povertymostoftenhasafeminineface.ItisbadenoughinAmerica:accordingtotheCensusBureau14.1%ofwomenliveinpoverty,comparedwith11.1%ofmen.Inthedevelopingworld,thesituationismuchworse.Bysomeestimates70%oftheworld”spoorarewomenandthedepthoftheirdeprivation,whichofteninvolvessubsistingonlessthan$2aday,makesAmericanpovertylookpositivelybenign.

TheWorldBankwouldlikethistochange.LateinFebruary,togetherwiththeOECDandseveralEuropeangovernments,itconvenedaconferenceinBerlinonincreasingtheeconomicpowerofwomen.Thebankreckonsthatrestrictingwomen”sparticipationintheeconomyisnotmerelyunfair,butbadeconomics.Toputmattersrightithasreleaseda“GenderActionPlan”,whichcallsforbetterdataandaharderpushforWorldBankschemesthatseektomovewomenintotheeconomicmainstream.

Currently,theWorldBanksaysthatwomenearnanaverageof22%lessthanmen,andhavemuchlessaccesstocredit;inAfrica,forexample,theyreceivejust1%ofthecreditgoingtotheagriculturalsector.Changingthiscouldhaveanenormousimpactondeprivationaroundtheworld.ThisiswhyGrameenBank,amongotherpoverty-fightinginstitutions,haschosentofocusitseffortsonwomen.Almostallofitsborrowersarewomen,andthemicro-lendertriestoensurethatitsloansraisetheeconomicstatusofwomenwithintheirfamiliesbyensuring,forexample,thatownershipofhousesbuiltwithGrameenloansstayingwiththewomen.

Thereisalsoevidencethatgivingwomenmorefinancialpowerfosterseconomicdevelopment.Wheremencontrolmostofthefinances,itismorelikelythathouseholdswilldistributewhattheyhaveunequallybetweenmaleandfemalechildren,leavingthefemalefamilymemberswithinsufficientresourcestomeetbasicneeds.This,inturn,canhinderdevelopmentofbothmindandbody.Givingwomeneconomicpowercansignificantlyalterdecision-makinginwaysthatimprovegeneralwelfare.Householdswherewomencontributeasignificantportionoftherevenuespendmoremoneyonfoodandchildcareandlessonalcoholandtobacco.

ButtheWorldBankmayhavecauseandeffectreversed.Doesliberatingwomenpromoteeconomicgrowthordoeseconomicgrowthspurwomen”sliberation?Inaneconomywhereaddingeconomicvalueinvolvesmusclepower,womenareboundtobepaidless,andvaluedless,thanmenevenbeforetheeffectsofchildbirthandchildcarearetakenintoaccount.Andinmostsocieties,lowereconomicvaluetranslatesintoreducedsocialandpoliticalstatus.

Theexperienceofdevelopedcountriescertainlyseemstoindicatethateconomicgrowthisprofoundlyliberatingforwomen.Asthevalueofbruteforcefallsopportunitiesinthelabourmarketforwomengrow.Moderncontraceptives,andlabour-savingappliances,makeiteasierforthemtotakepaidwork.Andwiththatcomeseconomicandpoliticalpower.Thereisastrongargumentthatwomen”sliberationmovementoweslesstothe“femininemystique”thantothedishwashersandwashingmachinesthatreducedhouseholddrudgery.Ifsothebankwoulddobettertoconcentrateonspurringeconomicgrowthratherthanfrettingaboutgender.

注（1）：本文選自Economist，03/03/2022

注（2）：本文習(xí)題命題仿照對象2022年真題Text1。

1．Whydoestheauthorclaimthatpovertyhasafeminineface?

[A]Becausewomenareingeneralpoorerthanmen.

[B]Becausetheworld’spoorestpeopleareallwomen.

[C]Becausethepovertyrateamongwomenarehigherthanmen.

[D]Becausewomenearnlessmoneythenmen

2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheoppinionoftheWorldBank?

[A]ItisalmostimpossibletochangetheAmericanpovertysituation.

[B]Itisdesirabletoraisewomen’seconomicstatus.

[C]Womenshouldbeentitledtoaccessmorecredit.

[D]Givingwomenmoreeconomicpowerisgoodforfamilies.

3．Theexpression“translateinto”(Line5,Paragraph5)mostprobablymeans_______.

[A]turnonelanguageintoanother

[B]transforminto

[C]transferto

[D]leadto

4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsWorldBank’sinterpretationoffemalepoverty?

[A]Researvedconsent

[B]Strongdisapproval

[C]Slightcomtempt

[D]Enthusiasticsupport

5．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

[A]PovertyinAmericaisofthesimilarconditionasthatoftherestoftheworld.

[B]Femalechildrenandmalechildrenusuallyreceiveequalattentioninhouseholds.

[C]Toraisewomen’seconomicstatus,itisimportanttoliberatethemfromhousework.

[D]GrameenBankonlydealswithsmallloanbusinesses.

篇章剖析

本文是一篇以女性貧困為話題的談?wù)撐摹５谝欢魏啙嵔榻B了當(dāng)前世界上關(guān)于女性的貧困問題；其次段世界銀行指出女性經(jīng)濟(jì)地位低導(dǎo)致了其貧困狀況，第三、四段通過事例和理論分析來進(jìn)一步論證上述觀點(diǎn)；第四、五段為對于世界觀點(diǎn)的反對，認(rèn)為女性沒有得到徹底解放才是其貧困問題的根本緣由。

詞匯解釋

deprivation[9depri`vei`En]n.剝奪mystique[mis`ti:k]n.神奇性,神秘

subsist[sEb`sist]v.生存,存在,供給drudgery[`drQdVEri]n.苦差事,苦工

alter[`C:ltE]v.轉(zhuǎn)變fret[fret]v.(使)苦惱,(使)著急

contraceptive[9kCntrE`septiv]n.避孕品,避孕用具

難句突破

Almostallofitsborrowersarewomen,andthemicro-lendertriestoensurethatitsloansraisetheeconomicstatusofwomenwithintheirfamiliesbyensuring,forexample,thatownershipofhousesbuiltwithGrameenloansstayingwiththewomen.

主體句式Almostallofitsborrowersarewomen,andthemicro-lendertriestoensurethat…

構(gòu)造分析這個句子由兩個并列構(gòu)造構(gòu)成，以第一個逗號后面的and連接。第一個局部是一個簡潔句，而其次個局部則較為簡單。首先，第一個that后面引導(dǎo)的是一個賓語從句，其次by后面跟了一個名詞性動詞短語，最終with后面也是一個名詞行動次短語。

句子譯文該銀行的貸款人大局部是女性，小額貸款通過諸如擔(dān)保貸款建房的房屋全部權(quán)歸婦女等措施，試圖確保其貸款能提高女性在家庭中的經(jīng)濟(jì)地位。

題目分析

1．C.推理題。從文章第一段中可以推斷，所謂的“貧困總帶著女性的面具”意指女性的貧困率要高于男性。

2．A.細(xì)節(jié)題。B、C和D選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容分別可以在文章其次、三、四段中找到。同時，文章其次段第一句話就指出，世界銀行要努力轉(zhuǎn)變女性高貧困率這一狀況，因此A選項(xiàng)不是世界銀行的意見。

3．D.語義題。從文章第四段最終一句中可以看出，translateinto前后存在因果關(guān)系，因此答案為D。

4．B.態(tài)度題。文章第四段稱世界銀行將整個問題的因果關(guān)系本末倒置了，這說明對世界銀行就婦女貧困問題作出的解釋持反對態(tài)度。

5．C.細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第五和六段都涉及到了相關(guān)論述，如“婦女解放運(yùn)動……應(yīng)當(dāng)歸功于減輕家務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)的洗碗機(jī)和洗衣機(jī)”等，答案明顯為C。

參考譯文

不管在興旺還是貧困國家，貧困總帶著女性的面具。這個問題在美國已經(jīng)夠嚴(yán)峻的了：依據(jù)人口調(diào)查局統(tǒng)計，14.1%的婦女生活在貧困中，相比卻只有11.1%的男人生活貧困。但在進(jìn)展中國家，這一狀況就更糟糕了。據(jù)估量，世界70%的窮人是女性，她們通常依靠每日缺乏2美元的費(fèi)用生活，相比之下，美國國內(nèi)所謂的貧困就顯得日子好過多了。

世界銀行盼望轉(zhuǎn)變這一現(xiàn)狀，并于二月底與經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與進(jìn)展組織及歐洲局部國家的政府?dāng)y手，在柏林召開了一次關(guān)于加強(qiáng)婦女的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的會議。世界銀行認(rèn)為限制婦女參加經(jīng)濟(jì)不僅對婦女不公正，在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)上看來