全美國海上貨物運(yùn)輸法（中英文對(duì)照）

美國海上貨物運(yùn)輸法（中英文對(duì)照）SECTION1.SHORTTITLE;TABLEOFSECTIONS.第一條簡(jiǎn)稱;目錄Sec.1.Shorttitle;tableofsections.第一條簡(jiǎn)稱目錄Sec.2.Definitions.第二條定義Sec.3.ApplicationofAct.第三條本法的適用Sec.4.Rightsandliabilitiesunderotherlaws.第四條其他法律下的權(quán)利和義務(wù)務(wù)Sec.5.Dutiesandrightsofcarrier.第五條承運(yùn)人的權(quán)利與義務(wù)Sec.6.Responsibilitiesofcarrierandship.第六條承運(yùn)人和船舶的義務(wù)Sec.7.Contractsofcarriage.第七條運(yùn)輸合同Sec.8.Weightofbulkcargo.第八條散裝貨物的重量Sec.9.Rightsandimmunitiesofcarrierandship.第九條承運(yùn)人和船舶的權(quán)利與免責(zé)Sec.10.Surrenderofrights;increaseofliability;generalaverage.第十條放棄權(quán)利;增加責(zé)任;共同海損,Sec.11.Specialagreementastoparticulargoods.第十一條關(guān)于特定貨物的特別協(xié)議Sec.12.Noticeoflossordamage.第十二條滅失或損壞的通知Sec.13.Statuteoflimitations.第十三條時(shí)效Sec.14.Discriminationbetweencompetingshippers.第十四條區(qū)別對(duì)待競(jìng)業(yè)的托運(yùn)人Sec.15.Repealof1936Act.第十五條廢除1936年《海上貨物運(yùn)輸法》Sec.16.Applicationofbillsofladingrulestoinboundgoods.第十六條提單規(guī)則對(duì)進(jìn)口貨物的適用Sec.17.Effectivedate.第十七條生效日期部分章節(jié)示例如下：SHIPPER'SLIABILITY.--INGENERAL.--Ashipperisnotresponsibleforlossordamagesustainedbyacarrierorashipfromanycausewithouttheact,fault,orneglectoftheshipper,itsagents,oritsservants.(f)托運(yùn)人的責(zé)任--(1〉一般規(guī)定一一托運(yùn)人對(duì)承運(yùn)人或船舶所遭受的、非因托運(yùn)人、其代理人或受雇人的行為、過失或疏忽所造成的損失或損害不負(fù)責(zé)任。SHIPPER'SGUARANTEEOFACCURACY.--Ashipperisdeemedtohaveguaranteedtoeachcarriertheaccuracyatthetimeofshipmentofthemarks,number,quantity,andweightfurnishedbytheshipper,andshallindemnifyanycarrieragainstloss,damage,andexpensearisingorresultingfrominaccuracy.Therightofacarriertoindemnityunderthisparagraphdoesnotlimittheresponsibilityorliabilityofacarriertoanypersonotherthantheshipper.〈2〉托運(yùn)人對(duì)準(zhǔn)確性的保證一一托運(yùn)人應(yīng)被視為在裝船時(shí)已向每一個(gè)承運(yùn)人保證其提供的貨物的標(biāo)志、數(shù)量、體積或重量的準(zhǔn)確性,并應(yīng)賠償任何承運(yùn)人因其標(biāo)志等不準(zhǔn)確所引起或?qū)е碌膿p失、損害或費(fèi)用。本款規(guī)定的承運(yùn)人的受償權(quán)利不影響其對(duì)托運(yùn)人以外的任何其他人應(yīng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。DEVIATIONS.--INGENERAL.--Neitheracarriernorashipisliablefordamageorlossfrom--adeviationtosaveorattempttosavelifeorpropertyatsea;oranyreasonabledeviation.(f〉繞航一一〈1〉一般規(guī)定一一承運(yùn)人和船舶均不對(duì)以下原因引起的滅失或損壞負(fù)責(zé):(A)為救助或企圖救助海上人命或財(cái)產(chǎn)所作的繞航;或者(B〉任何合理繞航。UNREASONABLEDEVIATIONS.--ForpurposesofthisAct--LOADINGANDUNLOADING.--Adeviationforthepurposeofloadingorunloadingcargoorpassengersis,primafacie,notareasonabledeviation.EFFECTOFUNREASONABLEDEVIATION.--Anunreasonabledeviationconstitutesabreachofacarrier'sobligationsunderthisAct,andtheremediesforsuchabreachshallbedeterminedexclusivelyunderthisAct.(2〉不合理繞航一一依據(jù)本法一一|(A〉裝和卸一一為了裝貨或卸貨或者為了上下旅客所作的繞航不是合理繞航的初步證據(jù)。(B)不合理繞航的后果一一不合理繞航構(gòu)成承運(yùn)人本法下違約,而且對(duì)這違約的救濟(jì)應(yīng)僅依據(jù)本法確定。LIMITATIONSONLIABILITY.--INGENERAL.--Exceptasprovidedinparagraph(3),theaggregateliabilityofallcarriersandtheirshipsforlossof,fordamageto,orinconnectionwithgoodsunderacontractofcarriagemaynotexceedthehigherof--666.67SpecialDrawingRights(asdefinedbytheInternationalMonetaryFund)perpackage;or2SpecialDrawingRights(assodefined)perkilogramofgrossweightofthegoodslostordamaged.(h〉責(zé)任限制一一(l〉一般規(guī)定一一除第(3〉項(xiàng)另有規(guī)定外,所有承運(yùn)人和船舶對(duì)運(yùn)輸合同項(xiàng)下貨物的滅失或損壞或者與該貨物有關(guān)的滅失或損壞的賠償責(zé)任總計(jì)不超過一一(A〉每件666.67特別提款權(quán)(按照國際貨幣基金組織所規(guī)定的〉;或者(B〉按滅失或損壞的貨物的毛重計(jì),每公斤2個(gè)特別提款權(quán)(按照國際貨幣基金組織所規(guī)定的〉,以二者中賠償限額較高的為準(zhǔn)。SPECIALRULEFORCONSOLIDATEDGOODS.--Ifacontainer,pallet,orsimilararticleoftransportisusedtoconsolidategoods,thenumberofpackagesenumeratedinthecontractofcarriageaspackedinthearticleoftransportshallbedeemedtobethenumberofpackagesforpurposesofparagraph(1)(A).Exceptasprovidedintheprecedingsentence,suchanarticleoftransportshallbeconsideredtobethepackageforsuchpurposes.(2〉對(duì)集裝貨物的特別規(guī)定一一如果用集裝箱、托盤或類似的裝運(yùn)器具集裝貨物,則運(yùn)輸合同中列明的、裝在該運(yùn)輸工具中的貨物件數(shù)應(yīng)視為第一項(xiàng)(A〉次項(xiàng)所指的件數(shù)。除前一句的規(guī)定外,此種裝運(yùn)器具應(yīng)視為一件。oEXCEPTIONS(3)例外—DECLAREDVALUE.--Paragraph(1)doesnotapplyifthenatureandvalueofthegoodshavebeendeclaredbytheshipperbeforeshipmentandthedeclarationiscontainedinthecontractofcarriage,butthedeclarationshallbeonlyprimafacieevidenceofthenatureandvalueofthegoods.(A)申報(bào)價(jià)值--如果在裝船前,托運(yùn)人已申報(bào)了貨物的性質(zhì)和價(jià)值,且該申報(bào)載于運(yùn)輸合同中,則(1〉項(xiàng)的規(guī)定不適用,但該申報(bào)應(yīng)僅為該貨物性質(zhì)和價(jià)值的初步證據(jù)。AGREEMENTONGREATERLIMIT.--Paragraph(1)doesnotapplyifthecontractingcarrierandtheshipperagreeonagreateramountasthemaximumliabilityofthecarrieranditsshipforlossordamage.Anysuchagreementisbindingonlyonthepartieswhoenteredintotheagreement.(B)更高限額協(xié)議一一如果契約承運(yùn)人與托運(yùn)人就承運(yùn)人和船舶對(duì)貨物的滅失或損壞承擔(dān)的最大責(zé)任達(dá)成了更高限額的協(xié)議,則(1〉項(xiàng)的規(guī)定不適用。任何此種協(xié)議僅約束達(dá)成協(xié)議的雙方。SERVICECONTRACTS.--Notwithstandingparagraph(1),thepartiestoaservicecontractmayagreetoagreaterorlesseramountasthemaximumliabilityofthosepartiesforsuchlossordamage.(C〉服務(wù)合同一一雖有(1〉項(xiàng)的規(guī)定,服務(wù)合同的當(dāng)事方可以就該滅失或損壞的最大責(zé)任約定更高或更低的限額。CERTAINCULPABLEACTSOROMISSIONSOFCARRIER.--Paragraph(1)doesnotapplyifitisprovedthatthelossordamageresultedfrom--anactoromissionofthecarrier,withintheprivityorknowledgeofthecarrier,donewiththeintenttocausesuchlossordamage,orrecklesslyandwithknowledgethatsuchlossordamagewouldprobablyresult;oranunreasonabledeviationifthecarrierknew,orshouldhaveknown,thatthedeviationwouldresultinsuchlossordamage.(D〉承運(yùn)人的某些有過失的行為或疏忽一一如經(jīng)證明滅失或損壞是由以下原因造成的,則〈1)項(xiàng)的規(guī)定不適用:(i〉貨物的天失或損壞是在承運(yùn)人私謀或知情的范圍內(nèi),故意或明知可能造成損失而輕率地作為或不作為造成的。(ii)不合理繞航,如果承運(yùn)人知道或者應(yīng)該知道該繞航會(huì)導(dǎo)致此種滅失或損壞。LIABILITYCAP.--Neitheracarriernorashipisliableformorethantheamountoflossordamagesustained.MISSTATEMENTBYSHIPPER.--Neitheracarriernorashipisliableforlossof,fordamageto,orinconnectionwithgoodsifthenatureorvalueofthegoodswasknowinglyandfraudulentlymisstatedbytheshipperinthecontractofcarriage.(4〉最大責(zé)任一一承運(yùn)人和船舶對(duì)超過所遭受的貨物滅失或損壞的部分不承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。(5)托運(yùn)人誤述一一如果托運(yùn)人在運(yùn)輸合同中故意或欺詐性地誤述了貨物的性質(zhì)或價(jià)值,則承運(yùn)人和船舶均不對(duì)該貨物的滅失或損壞、或與該貨物有關(guān)的滅失或損壞負(fù)責(zé)。BENEFITOFLIABILITYLIMITATIONSEPARATELYDETERMINED.--Thelossbyacarrierofthebenefitofalimitationonliabilityunderparagraph(3)(D)doesnotaffecttheapplicationofthatlimitationtoanyothercarrier.(6〉分別確定責(zé)任限制的權(quán)利一一根據(jù)(3)項(xiàng)(D〉次項(xiàng),某一承運(yùn)人喪失了責(zé)任限制,并不影響對(duì)任何其他承運(yùn)人適用責(zé)任限制。INFLAMMABLE,EXPLOSIVE,ORDANGEROUSCARGO易燃、易爆或危險(xiǎn)貨物一一CARRIAGEWITHKNOWINGCONSENT.--If--acarrierhasconsentedtothecarriageofgoodsofaninflammable,explosive,ordangerousnaturewithknowledgeoftheirnatureandcharacter;andthegoodsbecomeadangertotheshiporcargo,thenthecarriermaylandthegoodsatanyplace,destroythem,orrendertheminnocuouswithoutliabilityexcepttogeneralaverage,ifany.〈1〉承運(yùn)人知情且同意一一如果(A〉承運(yùn)人知道易燃、易爆或危險(xiǎn)貨物的性質(zhì)和特性,并同意裝運(yùn)的,并且(B)該貨物對(duì)船舶或其他貨物構(gòu)成危險(xiǎn)的,承運(yùn)人可以在任何地方將該貨物卸下、銷毀或使之不能為害,而不負(fù)賠償責(zé)任,共同海損除外,如果有的話。oCARRIAGEWITHOUTKNOWINGCONSENT.--If(3)承運(yùn)人不知情但同意--如果acarrierhasconsentedtothecarriageofgoodsofaninflammable,explosive,ordangerousnaturewithoutknowledgeoftheirnatureandcharacter;andthegoodsbecomeadangertotheshiporcargo,thenthecarriermaylandthegoodsatanyplace,destroythem,orrendertheminnocuouswithoutcompensationoftheshipperforthedamageorloss.Theshipperisliableforalldamagesandexpensesdirectlyorindirectlyarisingoutoforresultingfromtheshipmentofthosegoods.(A)?承運(yùn)人同意裝運(yùn)易燃、易爆或危險(xiǎn)貨物,但不知道其性質(zhì)和特性的；并且(B〉該貨物對(duì)船舶或其他貨物構(gòu)成危險(xiǎn)的,承運(yùn)人可以在任何地方將該貨物卸下、銷毀或使之不能為害,而不對(duì)托運(yùn)人承擔(dān)滅失或損壞的賠償責(zé)任。托運(yùn)人對(duì)直接或間接地因裝運(yùn)該貨物導(dǎo)致或引起的所有損失和費(fèi)用負(fù)責(zé)。SEC.10.SURRENDEROFRIGHTS;INCREASEOFLIABILITY;GENERALAVERAGE.第十條放棄權(quán)利,增加義務(wù),共同海損INGENERAL.--Acarriermaysurrenderitsrightsandimmunities,orincreaseitsresponsibilitiesandliabilities,underthisAct,inwholeorinpart,underthetermsofanycontract.Anysuchcontractshallbebindingonlyonthepartieswhoenteredintoit.GENERALAVERAGEPROVISIONS.--Acontractofcarriagemaycontainanylawfulprovisionregardinggeneralaverage.(a)一般規(guī)定一一承運(yùn)人可以依據(jù)任何合同條款全部或部分地放棄本法下的權(quán)利和免責(zé),或增加義務(wù)和責(zé)任。任何此種合同僅約束簽定合同的雙方。〈b〉共同海損條款一一運(yùn)輸合同中可列有任何關(guān)于共同海損的合法條款。SEC.11.SPECIALAGREEMENTASTOPARTICULARGOODS.第十一條關(guān)于特定貨物的特別協(xié)議INGENERAL.--Acontractingcarrierandashippermayenterintoanyagreementfortheshipmentofparticulargoodssettingforth--theresponsibilitiesandliabilitiesofthecarrierforthegoods;therightsandimmunitiesofthecarrierwithrespecttothegoods;theobligationsofthecarrierastoseaworthiness(totheextentthatthestipulationregardingseaworthinessisnotcontrarytopublicpolicy);thecareordiligenceoftheirservantsoragentsforreceiving,loading,handling,stowage,carriage,custody,care,discharge,anddeliveryofthegoodscarriedbysea.(a〉一般規(guī)定一一契約承運(yùn)人與托運(yùn)人可以就特定貨物的裝運(yùn)達(dá)成任何協(xié)議,規(guī)定:(1)承運(yùn)人對(duì)貨物的責(zé)任和義務(wù);〈2〉承運(yùn)人對(duì)貨物的權(quán)利和免責(zé);(3)承運(yùn)人對(duì)適航的義務(wù)(就適航的規(guī)定以不違反公共政策為限);(4〉其受雇人或代理人接收、裝載、搬移、積載、運(yùn)輸、保管、照料、卸載及交付海上運(yùn)輸貨物的小心或謹(jǐn)慎。?LIMITATION.--Subsection(a)(b)限制適用一一(a)款一一appliestoshipmentswherethecharacterorconditionofthepropertytobecarried,orthecircumstances,terms,andconditionsunderwhichthecarriageistobeperformed,reasonablyjustifyaspecialagreementundersubsection(a);andif--nobillofladingisissued;andthetermsagreeduponarecontainedinareceiptthatisanonnegotiabledocument,markedassuch;butdoesnotapplytoordinarycommercialshipmentsmadeintheordinarycourseoftrade.(1)適用于那些所運(yùn)輸?shù)呢浳锏奶攸c(diǎn)或狀況,或者運(yùn)輸?shù)沫h(huán)境和條件能夠合理地證明,依據(jù)(a)款簽定的特別協(xié)議是正當(dāng)?shù)模徊⑶?如果〈A〉未簽發(fā)提單；且〈B〉商定的條件載于屬不可轉(zhuǎn)讓單證的收據(jù)中,并作此標(biāo)注;但是(2)不適用于普通貿(mào)易中所進(jìn)行的一般商業(yè)運(yùn)輸。SEC.12.NOTICEOFLOSSORDAMAGE.第十二條滅失或損壞通知INGENERAL.--Unlessnoticeoflossordamageandthegeneralnatureofthelossordamageisgiveninwritingtothecontractingcarrieroritsagentortotheperformingcarriermakingthedeliveryoritsagent--(a)一般規(guī)定一一除非將滅失或損壞及滅失或損壞的一般性質(zhì)在以下時(shí)間內(nèi)書面通知契約承運(yùn)人或其代理人,或通知履行交貨義務(wù)的履約承運(yùn)人或其代理人—beforeoratthetimeofthedeliveryofthegoodstothepersonentitledtoreceivethemunderthecontractof???????carriage;orwithin3daysafterthedeliveryifthelossordamageisnotapparentondelivery,thenthedeliveryisprimafacieevidenceofthedeliverybythecarrierofthegoodsasdescribedinthecontractofcarriage.(1)在貨物交給運(yùn)輸合同下有權(quán)接收貨物的人之前或當(dāng)時(shí)；或者(2)交付時(shí),貨物的滅失或損壞不明顯,則在交付后的三天內(nèi)，否則,此交付視為承運(yùn)人接運(yùn)輸合同所載交付貨物的初步證據(jù)。NOTICEBYENDORSEMENT.--Noticeoflossordamagebyendorsementonthereceiptforgoodsbythepersontakingdeliveryconstitutesnoticeinwritingforpurposesofsubsection(a).WAIVEROFNOTICE-IN-WRITINGREQUIREMENT.--Noticeofdamageorlossneednotbegiveninwritingifthestateofthegoodsatthetimeoftheirreceiptisthesubjectofjointsurveyorinspection.REASONABLEACCESS.--Thecarriersandthepersonwhoreceivesgoodsshallgiveallreasonablefacilitiestoeachotherforinspectingandtallyinglossof,ordamageto,deliveredgoods,includingjointsurveyswhereappropriate.〈b〉批注通知--經(jīng)接收貨物的人在貨物收據(jù)上批注的滅失或損壞通知構(gòu)成(a)款所指的書面通知。(c)放棄書面通知要求一一如果在接收貨物時(shí),已對(duì)貨物狀況進(jìn)行聯(lián)合檢查或檢驗(yàn)的,無需提交滅失或損壞的書面通知。(d)合理便利一一承運(yùn)人和收貨人應(yīng)相互對(duì)檢驗(yàn)和清點(diǎn)所交付貨物的滅失或損壞,提供一切合理的便利,包括合適時(shí)進(jìn)行聯(lián)合檢驗(yàn)。SEC.13.STATUTEOFLIMITATIONS.第十三條時(shí)效SUITS.--Acarrierorshipisdischargedfromliabilityforlossof,fordamageto,orinconnectionwithgoodsunlesssuitisbroughtwithin1yearafterthedateonwhichthegoodsweredeliveredorshouldhavebeendelivered.Thefailuretogivenoticeoflossordamage,eitherapparentorconcealed,doesnotaffectorprejudiceanyparty'srighttobringsuitwithinthat1-yearperiod.(a)訴訟一一一除非自貨物交付之日或應(yīng)當(dāng)交付之日起一年內(nèi)提起訴訟,否則,承運(yùn)人和船舶均被解除對(duì)貨物的滅失或損壞或與貨物有關(guān)的滅失或損壞的賠償責(zé)任。對(duì)或是明顯或是隱蔽的滅失或損壞未提交通知的,不影響任何一方在此一年內(nèi)提起訴訟的權(quán)利。ARBITRATION.--Ifacontractofcarriageprovidesforarbitration,thenacarrierorshipisdischargedfromliabilityforlossof,fordamageto,orinconnectionwithgoodsunlessthearbitrationproceedingiscommenced,orsuitisbrought,within1yearafterthedateonwhichthegoodsweredeliveredorshouldhavebeendelivered.(b〉仲裁一一如果運(yùn)輸合同中規(guī)定仲裁,除非自貨物交付之日或應(yīng)當(dāng)交付之日起一年內(nèi)開始仲裁程序或提起訴訟,否則,承運(yùn)人和船舶均被解除對(duì)貨物的滅失或損壞或與貨物有關(guān)的滅失或損壞的賠償責(zé)任。ACTIONSFORCONT