2022年職稱英語等級考試模擬試題(衛(wèi)生類)

2022年職稱英語等級考試模擬試題（衛(wèi)生類）

考試時間：120分鐘考試總分：100分

第1局部：詞匯選項（第1~15題，每題l分，共15分）

下面共有l(wèi)5個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選擇l個與劃線局部意義最相近的詞或短語。答案一律涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

1Inl840LucretiaMostandElizabethStantonwereexcludedfrom.TheWorld”sAnti-slaveryConventionmerelybecausetheywerewomen.

AconsultedbyBelectedtoCkeptoutofDapplaudedby

2Themeasurestakenbytheadministrationfailedtoreduceunemployment.

AhelpedtoBdidnot

CwerenotintendedtoDwerenecessaryto

3Marysaidthatshewasfedup.

AdisgustedBsatisfiedCravenousDfull

4Themayorrefusedtogiveintothedemandofthegroup.

AreplytoByieldtoCacknowledgeDpublicize

5Mr.Jacksonwantstogiveoutthisnewsassoonaspossible.

AfurnishBannounceCemitDabandon

6Someformsofarthritismaydevelopwhenthebody”sabilitytofightdiseasegoesawry.

AtakesoverBcomesup

CisinterruptedDbecomesfaulty

7Themaninaragewasdeadlastnight.

AnarrativeBlaudableCoutragedDpatentable

8Sandisfoundinabundanceontheseashoreandisoftenblowninlandtdformsandhillsanddunes.

AatrandomBathightide

CindrymoundsDingreatquantities

9Somevarietiesofshorthorns,themostcommonbreedofbeefcattle,areinfacthornless.

AcrediblyBactuallyCreportedlyDpotentially

10Duetohiscarelessness,hewasleftoutofanopportunity.

AincludedinBexcludedfrom

CsuperiortoDexhaustedby

11Theleadersofmodernarchitecturehavecharacteristicallybeenvigorousandarticulatethinkersinwhosemindsarchitecturaltheoryislinkedtoideasofsocialreform.

AdefinedbyBrelatedtoCappliedtoDreinforcedby

12Ifaforeignobjectbecomeslodgedintheeye,medicalhelpisnecessary.

AdepositedinBinvisibletoCblurredtoDisolatedin

13JamesWasoblivioustothenoisearoundhim.

AnervousaboutBfuriousabout

CirritatedbyDUnawareof

14Intheearlydaysofbaseball,thegamewasplayedbyyoungmenofmeansandsocialposition.

AwithskillBwithequipment、

CwithmoneyDwithambition

15SummerweatherofninetydegreesormorehasbeenreportedoffandoninFortYokon,Alaska.

AbackandforthBasoflate

CnowandthenDonthespot

第2局部：閱讀推斷（第16~22題，每題l分，共7分）

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個句子，請依據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出推斷。假如該句供應(yīng)的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑；假如該句供應(yīng)的是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑；假如該句的信息在文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑。

WaterResource

Morethanhalfofthewaterusedfordrinking,washingandirrigatingcomesfromundertheground.Thissubterranean(地下的)waterisknownasgroundwater.

第3局部：概括大意與完成句子（第23~30題，每題l分，共8分）

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：（1）第23~26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2~5段每段選擇1個正確的小標題；（2）第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

HowWeFormFirstImpression

1Weallhavefirstimpressionofsomeonewejustmet.Butwhy?Whydoweformanopinionaboutsomeonewithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthimorher-asideperhapsfromafewremarksorreadilyobservabletraits.

2Theanswerisrelatedtohowyourbrainallowsyoutobeawareoftheworld.Yourbrainissosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits,evenveryminordifferenceinhowaperson”seyes,ears,nose,ormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakeyouseehimorherasdifferent.Infact,yourbraincontinuouslyprocessesinformation—thesightsandsoundsofyourworld.Theseincoming“signals“arecomparedagainstahostof“memories“storedinthebrainareascalledthecortexsystemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignals“mean.“

3Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschool,yourbrainsays“familiarandsafe.“Ifyouseesomeonenew,itsays,“new—potentiallythreatening.“Thenyourbrainstartstomatchfeaturesofthisstrangerwithother“known“memories.Theheight,weight,dress,ethnicity,gestures,andtoneofvoiceareallmatchedup.Themoreunfamiliarthecharacteristies,themoreyourbrainmaysay,“Thisisnew.1don”tlikethisperson.“orelse,“I”mintrigued.“Oryourbrainmayperceiveanewfacebutfamiliarclothes,ethnicity,gestures—likeyourotherfriends;soyourbrainsay,“Ilikethisperson.“Butthesepreliminary“impressions“canbedeadwrong.

4Whenwestereotypepeople,weusealessmatureformofthinking(notunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchild)thatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofoth-

ers.Ratherthanlearnaboutthedepthandbreadthofpeople—theirhistory,interest,values,strengths,andtruecharacter—wecategorizethemasjocks,geeks,orfreaks.

5However,ifweresistinitialstereotypicalimpressions,wehaveachancetobeawareofwhatapersonistrulylike.Ifwespendtimewithaperson,hearabouthisorherlife,hopes,dreams,andbecomeawareoftheperson”scharacter,weuseadifferent,morematurestyleofthinking-andthemostcomplexareasofourcortex,whichallowustobehumane.

23Paragraph2________

24Paragraph3________

25Paragraph4________

26Paragraph5________

AWaysofDeparturefromImmatureandSimplisticImpressions

BCommentonFirstImpression

CIllustrationofFirstImpression

DComparingIncomingSensoryInformationAgainstMemories

EThreateningAspectofFirstImpressions

FDifferencesAmongJocks,GeeksandFreaks

27Sensoryinformationisonethatisperceivedthrough________.

28Youinterpret________bycomparingitagainstthememoriesalreadystoredinyourbrain.

29Thewaywestereotypepeopleisalessmatureformofthinking,whichissimilarto________.

30Wecanuseourmorematurestyleofthinkingthanksto________.

Aastranger”slessmaturetypeofthinking

Bthemostcomplexareasofourcortex

Ctheimmatureformofthinkingofaveryyoungchild

Dthemeaningofincomingsensoryinformation

Ethesightsandsoundsoftheworld

Fanopportunitytoanalyzedifferentformsofthinking

Itisgenerallytakenforgrantedthatthegroundwaterdrawnfromwellsispresenteverywhereandwillalwaysbeavailableandcleanandsafetodrink.Butexpertsarereportingthatgroundwatersourcescandryupthroughoveruse,orbecomecontaminatedasaresultofpollution,poorsanitation(衛(wèi)生)orsaltwaterintrusion.

This“‘invisibleresource“一asgroundwaterwasdescribedbytheUnitedNationsforits1998observance(紀念)ofWorldDayforwater—isslowlyemerginginpolitical,economicandpersonalaffairs.

Withdemandgrowingandsupplypresentinggreaterdifficulties,groundwaterisonthewaytobecomingaboombusiness.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthedevelopingcountrieswillrequireinvestmentstotaling$600billiontorepairandimprovewatersystems.Oftheinvestmentsthatareactuallymade,asubstantialamountwillbedevotedtoextractingandpipinggroundwater,primarilyforagriculturaluseandsecondarilyforindustryandhouseholdconsumption.Withatrendtowardsprivatizationofpublicservices,itcanbeexpectedthatagrowingportionofinvestmentsinwaterwillcomefromtheprivatesector;requirementsthatgovernmentsprivatizewaterutilitiesarealreadybeingwrittenintothetermsofmultilateralloans.Oneconsequenceofgrowingprivatizationmaybethataccesstowaterwillnotbere-gradedasaright,hutasafunctionofeconomicmarkets.

Groundwater,whichinitsnaturalstateismoreprotectedthansurfacewater,isthepreferredsourceofdrinkingwaterforcities.Butpressureisbeingplacedongroundwaterresourceslyingclosetourbanareasbyexplodingpopulations,astheportionoftheworld”speopieresidingincitiedballoonsfrom31percentinl995toaprojected50percentin2022.Andthereisalsothepressureofdollarstopurchaselandlyingabovegroundwatersourcesandtokeepitinanaturalstate,inordertoprotectaquifers(蓄水層)fromcontamination.Inthedevelopingcountries,whereurbanpopulationgrowthissurpassingsewagesystems,theproblemofuntreatedhumanwasteisextremelyserious.

Alongsidetheproblemsofpublicgroundwatersourcesistheincreasedconsumptionofprivatelybottledwater,mostofwhichisnamedspringwater,i.e.groundwater.ConsumptionofbottledwaterintheUnitedStates,forinstance,hasrisenfromvirtuallynil(零)inthe1950st0843milliongallonsinl984and2.95billiongallonsinl997.Butdrinkingbottledwaterisnotjustatrendforthemiddleclasses.Indevelopingcountries,waterpipesrarelyextendtothepoorerneighbourhoods,andresidentshavenochoicebuttopayhighpricesforbottledwater.

Politicalleadersandanalystsaretalkingmorefrequentlyaboutthepossibilitythatincreasingdemandforpreciousgroundwaterwillleadtocross—borderconflicts,evenwars.Itisnoteasytoresolvedisputesoverthehighestgroundwaterrights,sincemanyaquifersandundergroundstreamscrossnationalborders;andawelldrilledverticallywithintheboundariesofonecountrymayverywellbedrawingwaterfromthesameaquifer,alsochosenbyaneigh-bouringnation.Inclinedandevenhorizontaldrillingfurthercomplicatesthisissue.

16Thepassagemainlytalksabouttheprivatizationofgroundwater.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Groundwaterisomnipresent.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Groundwaterisapreferredsourceofdrinkingwater.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Accesstowaterwillberegardedasafunctionofeconomicmarkets.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20Comparedwithdevelopedcountries,thebiggestproblemindevelopingcountriesiscross-borderconflictsandwars.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21Themiddleclassesdrinkbottledwaterbecausewaterpipesrarelyextendtotheirneigh-bourhoods.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Bottledwaterismoreconvenient.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

第4局部：閱讀理解（第31~45題，每題3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個選項。請認真閱讀短文并依據(jù)短文答復其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

第一篇ANewFinding

Britishcancerresearchershavefoundthatchildhoodleukaemiaiscausedbyaninfectionandclustersofcasesaroundindustrialsitesaretheresultofpopulationmixingthatincreasesexposure.TheresearchpublishedintheBritishJournalofCancerbacksupa1988theorythatsomeasyetunidentifiedinfectioncausedleukaemia-nottheenvironmentalfactorswidelyblamedforthedisease.

“Childhoodleukaemiaappearstobeanunusualresultofacommoninfection,“saidSirRichardDoll,aninternationally-knowncancerexpertwhofirstlinkedtobaccowithlungcancerin1950.“Avirusisthemostlikelyexplanation.Youwouldgetanincreasedriskofitifyousuddenlyputalotofpeoplefromlargetownsinaruralarea,whereyoumighthavepeopiewhohadnotbeenexposedtotheinfection.“DollwascommentingonthenewfindingsbyresearchersatNewcastleUniversity,whichfocusedonaclusterofleukaemiacasesaroundtheSellafieldnuclearreprocessingplantinCumbriainnorthernEngland.ScientistshavebeentryingtoestablishwhytherewasmoreleukaemiainchildrenaroundtheSellafieldarea,buthavefailedtoestablishalinkwithradiationorpollution.TheNewcastleUniversityresearchbyHeatherDickinsonandLouiseParkershowedtheclusterofcasescouldhavebeenpredictedbecauseoftheamountofpopulationmixinggoingoninthearea,aslargenumbersofcon-structionworkersandnuclearstaffmovedintoaruralsetting.“Ourstudyshowsthatpopulationmixingcanaccountforthe,(Sellafield)leukaemiaclusterandthatallchildren,whethertheirparentsareincomersorlocals,areatahigherriskiftheyareborninanareaofhighpopulationmixing,“DickinsonsaidinastatementissuedbytheCancerResearchCampaign,whichpublishestheBritishJournalofCancer.

Theirpaperaddscrucialweighttothel988theoryputforwardbyLeoKinlen,acancerepidemiologistatOxfordUniversity,whosaidthatexposuretoacommonunidentifiedinfectionthroughpopulationmixingresultedinthedisease.

31Whofirsthintedatthepossiblecauseofchildhoodleukaemiabyinfection?________

ALeoKinlen.

BRichardDoll.

CLouiseParker.

DHeatherDickinson.

32WhichstatementcanbesupportedbyHeatherDickinsonandLouiseParker”snewfindings?________

ARadiationhascontributedtothedisease.

BPuttingalotofpeoplefromruralareainalargetownsincreasestheriskofchildhoodleukaemia.

CPopulationmixingisthemostimportantreasonforleukaemiacluster.

DChildhoodleukaemiaiscausedbyanunusualinfection.

33Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?________

AMostpeoplebelievechildhoodleukaemiaisduetoenvironmentalfactors.

BPopulationmixingbestexplainsthecauseofchildhoodleukaemia.

CRadiationhasnothingtodowithchildhoodleukaemia.

DChildrenborninalargetownareathigherriskofleukaemia.

34CancerResearchCampaignismostpossiblya________.

Amedicaljournal

Bresearchinstitute

Cprivatecompany

Dgovernmentalagency

35Thispassageismainlyabout________.

AtheclusterofleukaemiaeasesaroundtheSellafieldnuclearreprocessingpart

Bthekindofinfectionthatcauseschildhoodleukaemia

Cthecausesofchildhoodleukaemia

DanewfindingbyBritishscientists

其次篇MobilePhoneandDiseases

AstudybyscientistsinFinlandhasfoundthatmobilephoneradiationcancausechangesinhumancellsthatmightaffectthebrain,theleaderoftheresearchteamsaid.

ButDariusLeszczynski,whoheadedthe2-yearstudyandwillpresentfindingsnextweekataconferenceinQuebec(魁北克),saidmoreresearchwasneededtodeterminetheserious-nessofthechangesandtheirimpactonthebrainorthebody.

ThestudyatFinland”sRadiationandNuclearSafetyAuthorityfoundthatexposuretoradiationfrommobilephonescancauseincreasedactivityinhundredsofproteinsinhumancellsgrowninalaboratory,hesaid.

“Weknowthatthereissomebiologicalresponse.Wecandetectitwithourverysensitiveapproaches,butwedonotknowwhetheritcanhaveanyphysiologicaleffectsonthehumanbrainorhumanbody,“Leszczynskisaid.

Nonethelessthestudy,theinitialfindingsofwhichwerepublishedlastmonthinthescientificjournalDifferentiation,raisesnewquestionsaboutwhethermobilephoneradiationcanweakenthebrain”sprotectiveshieldagainstharmfulsubstances.

Thestudyfocusedonchangesincellsthatlinebloodvesselsandonwhethersuchchangescouldweakenthefunctioningoftheblood-brainbarrier,whichpreventspotentiallyharmfulsubstancesfromenteringthebrainfromthebloodstream.Leszczynskisaid.

Thestudyfoundthataproteincalledhsp27linkedtothefunctioningoftheblood-brainbarriershowedincreasedactivityduetoirradiationandpointedtoapossibilitythatsuchactivitycouldmaketheshieldmorepermeable(能透過的),hesaid.

“Increasedproteinactivitymightcauseceilstoshrink-nottheblood|vesselshutthecellsthemselves-andthentinygapscouldappearbetweenthosecellsthroughwhichsomemoleculescouldpass.“hesaid.

Leszezynskideclinedtospeculateonwhatkindofhealthrisksthatcouldpose,butsaidaFrenchstudyindicatedthatheadache,fatigueandsleepdisorderscouldresult.

“Thesearenotlife-threateningproblemsbutcancausealotofdiscomfort,“hesaid,addingthataSwedishgrouphadalsosuggestedapossiblelinkwithAlzheimer”sdisease.

“Wherethetruthisdonotknow,“hesaid.

Leszczynskisaidthathe,hiswifeandchildrenusemobilephones,andhesaidthathedidnotthinkhisstudysuggestedanyneedfornewrestrictionsonmobilephoneuse.

36AccordingtoLeszczynski,howdoesmobilephoneaffectone”shealth?________

AMobilephoneradiationcanincreaseproteinactivitiesandsuchactivitiescanmaketheprotectiveshieldmorepermeable.

BMobilephoneradiationcanshrinkthebloodvesselsandpreventbloodfromflowingsmoothly.

CMobilephoneradiationwillbringstresstopeopleexposedtoit.

DMobilephoneradiationkillsbloodcellsatarapidspeed.

37What”stheresultoftheFrenchstudy?________

ATheharmofmobilephoneradiationislife-threatening.

BMobilephonemayaffectone”snormalwayofthinking.

CSleepdisorderscouldresultfrommobilephoneradiation.

DAproteincalledhsp27iskilledbymobilephoneradiation.

38Whatkindofdiseaseisnotcausedbytheuseofmobilephone?________

AFatigue.

BHeadache.

CAlzheimer”sdisease.

DTuberculosis.

39Accordingtothepassage,whatwouldbethefutureoftheuseofmobilephone?________

APeoplewillbeforbiddentousemobilephone.

BPeopledarenotusemobilephonebecauseofitsradiation.

CPeoplewillcontinuetousemobilephone.

DTherewillbenewrestrictionsontheuseofmobilephone.

40WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?________

ATheresearchinFinlandfoundthatmobilephoneradiationwillaffectone”sbrain.

BMobilephoneradiationcancauseincreasedactivityinhundredsofproteininhumancells.

CIncreasedproteinactivitymightcausecellstoshrink.

DLeszczynskiforbidhiswifeandchildrentousemobilephoneafter、hisresearch.

第三篇ProblemsofInternet

TheproportionofworkscutforthecinemainBritaindroppedfrom40percentwhenIjoinedtheBBFCin1975tolessthan4percentwhenIleft.ButIdon”tthinkthat20yearsfromnowitwillbepossibletoregulateanymediumascloselyastregulatedfilm.

TheInternetis,ofcourse,thegreatestproblemforthiscentury.Theworldwillhavetofindameans,throughsomesortofinternationaltreatyofUnitedNationsinitiative,tocontrolthematerialthat”snowgoingtotallyunregulatedintopeople”shomes.Thatsaid,itwillonlytakeonelittlecountrylikeParaguaytorefusetosignatreatyfortransmissiontobeunstoppable.Parentalcontrolisnevergoingtobesufficient.

I”mstillveryworriedabouttheimpactofviolentvideogames,eventhoughresearcherssaytheirimpactismoderatedbythefactthatplayersdon”tsomuchexperiencethegameas

enjoythetechnicalmanoeuvres(策略)thatenableyoutowin.Butinrespectofviolenceinmainstreamfilms,I”mmoreoptimistic.Quitesuddenly,tasteshavechanged,andit”snolongerStalloneorSchwarzeneggerwhoarethetopstars,butLeonardoDiCapriothathastakeneverybodybysurprise.

GothroughthemostsuccessfulfilmsinEuropeandAmericanowandyouwillfindvirtuallynonethatweareviolent.QuentinTarantinodidn”tusherinanew,violentgeneration,andfilmsarebecomingmuchmoreprosocialthanonewouldhaveexpected.

Cinemagoingwillundoubtedlysurvive.Thenewmultiplexesareagloriousexperience,offeringperfectsoundandpictureandverycomfortableseats,thinswhichhaddiedoutinthe1980s.Ican”tbelievewe”veachievedthatonlytothrowitawayinfavorofhuddlingarounda14-inchcomputermonitortowatchdigitally-deliveredmoviesathome.

Itwillbecomeincreasinglycheaptomakefilms,withcamerasbecomingsmallerandlighterbutremainingveryprecise.Thatmeansgreaterchancesfornewtalenttoemerge,asitwillbemucheasierforpeopletolearnhowtobebetterfilm-makers.People”sworkingliveswillbeshorterinthefuture,andonceretiredtheywillspendalotoftimelearningtodothingsthatamusethem-likemakingvideos.Fiftyyearsonwecouldwellbemedia-saturatedasproducersaswellasaudience;insteadofwritingletters,onewillsendlittlehomemoviesentitledMyWeek.

41WhichofthefollowingaboutInternetistrueaccordingtothepassage?________

ATheInternetisthegreatestprogressforthiscentury.

BEffortsareneededtocontrolInternet.

CParaguayrefusedtosignatreatyfortransmission.

DTheUnitedNationshasfoundwaystopreventInternetfromdeveloping.

42Whatkindoffilmdoestheauthordislike?________

AViolentfilms.

BComedy.

CEuropeanfilms.

DFilmsactedbyLeonardo.

43Whatdoes“that“in“Ican”tbelievewe”veachievedthatonlytothrowitawayIfavor...“(Para.5)referto?________

ADigitally-deliveredmovies.

BMultiplexes.

CAdvancedcamera.

DSound.

44Whatistheauthor”sattitudetowardthefutureoffilm?________

APositive.

BNegative.

CUncertain.

DWorried.

45Whatdoes“media-saturated“in“Fiftyyearsonwecouldwellbemedia-saturatedas...“(Para.6)mean?________

ABetiredofmedia.

BBefullyaffectedbymedia.

CBedrivenmadbymedia.

DBebenefitedbymedia.

第5局部：補全短文（第46~50題，每題2分，共10分）

閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請依據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

ConservationorWastedEffort?

Theblackrobin(旅鶇)isoneoftheworld”srarestbirds.Itisasmallwildbird,anditlivesonlyontheislandofLittleMangere,offthecoastofNewZealand.In1967therewereaboutfiftyblackrobinsthere;in1977therewerefewerthanten.46

Energeticstepsarebeingtakentopreservetheblackrobin.47Theideaistobuyan-otherislandnearbyasaspecialhome,a“reserve“,forthreatenedwildlife,includingblackrobins.TheorganizerssaythatLittleMangereshouldthenberestocked(重新預備)withtherobin”sfood.ThousandsoftherequiredplantsareatpresentbeingcultivatedinNewZealand.

Isallthisconcernawasteofhumaneffort?48Arewelosingoursenseofwhatisreasonableandwhatisunreasonable?

Intheearth”slong,longpasthundredsofkindsofcreatureshaveevolved,risentoadegreeofsuccessanddiedout.Inthelong,longfuturetherewillbemanynewanddifferentformsoflife.Thosecreaturesthatadaptthemselvessuccessfullytowhatthe