定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇

PAGEPAGE4定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇by成都樹(shù)德中學(xué)蘭銀清定語(yǔ)從句的概念：句中修飾限定或者補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明名詞或者代詞的是一個(gè)句子，這個(gè)句子就是定語(yǔ)從句Wecan’tignorethedifficultiesthat/whichlieahead.AllthatIwantisyourhappiness.Whatisthenameofthemanwhojustcamein.Ilikethosewhosmilealot.Therearealotofstudentsherewhoseparentsworkoutside.ThisistheschoolwhereIusedwork.定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞:被定語(yǔ)從句飾限定或者補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明名詞或者代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,which,that,whose，as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why，as如何選用關(guān)系代詞？1.判成分如果定語(yǔ)從句需要主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，就要選用關(guān)系代詞who,whom（作賓語(yǔ)），that,which.2.確定先行詞1)先行詞如果指人選用who,whom(作賓語(yǔ))或者that，在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中多使用who;先行詞如果指物選用that或者which，在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中多使用that先行詞（ｎ／ｐｒｏｎ）＋ｗｈｏ／ｗｈｏｍ／ｔｈａｔ1，Doyouknowthepeople_________livenextdoor?2，Thisistheman_________Imetonthetrainlastweek.3，Itisabook_________willinterestchildrenofallages.4，Ihavefoundthecarkeys__________youwerelookingfor.注意：(1）、在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系單詞可以省略Thisistheman(who/that/whom)Imetonthetrainlastweek.(2）限定性定語(yǔ)從句需要表語(yǔ)，用thatIamnotthemanthatIwastenyearsago.Wenzhouisnottheplacethatitwas20yearsago.2)Whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句需要所有格（也可以理解為定語(yǔ)），則需要用whose。只要定語(yǔ)從句需要所有格，先行詞指人，指物，指地點(diǎn)都要whose。先行詞（ｎ／ｐｒｏｎ）＋ｗｈｏｓｅ6.Westoppedtohelpsomepeople________carbrokedown.7.Iliveinthehouse________doorisred.8.Youdon’tneedtolookupeveryword________meaningisnotclear.9.Theschoolshop,__________customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.（高考）注意：whose指物時(shí)，whose+n=thenofwhich/ofwhichthen10.Youdon’tneedtolookupeveryword________meaningisnotclear.=Youdon’tneedtolookupeverywordthemeaningof______isnotclear.11.Weareintroducinganewsystem,_________aimistocutcosts.=Weareintroducinganewsystemof_______theaimistocutcosts.12.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.13.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose________liveswereaffected.14.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionof_______hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.（高考）15.Thenewly-builtcafe,thewallsof___________arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.三）如何選用關(guān)系副詞1）判成分：如果定語(yǔ)從句不需要主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，多半要選擇關(guān)系副詞2）確定先行詞：先行詞指地點(diǎn)用where;指時(shí)間用when;指原因（reason）,用why.在定語(yǔ)從句中，when/where/why=適合介詞+which1，IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstmetyou.=Iwillneverforgettheday_______________Ifirstmetyou.2,ThisistheschoolwhereIonceworked.=Thisistheschool__________Ionceworked.3,Doyouknowthereasonwhyshedoesn’tlikeme?=Doyouknowthereason_______________whichshedoesn’tlikeme?4.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet_____lifehasdevelopedgradually.5.Iliveinasmallcity,________populationaremostlymigrants.(本人自編題)注意：1，先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或者原因，但是定語(yǔ)從句需要主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，則把先行詞看成是指物，要使用關(guān)系代詞that/which試比較：1）Thisistheschool________Iusedtowork.2）Thisistheschool_______Iusedtoworkin.3)ChengduNo.9SeniorHighSchool,______isanationalkeyschool,iswhereIusedtowork.4)ChengduNo.9SeniorHighSchool,_______Iusedtowork,isanationalkeyschool.5),Thisistheschool__________Ivisitedlastweek.6),Iwillneverforgetthedays_________westayedtogether.7),Iwillneverforgetthedays__________wespenttogetherinthesummer.8),Thereason_____________hegavemesoundsgood.9),Thereason__________hedislikesmeisthatItellexactlywhatIthinkofhim.10).By16:30,___________wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensoldout.12),Iwouldrathergotovisitthefactorynextweek,________Iwon’tbebusy.(本人自編題)13）Finally,hereachedalonelyisland______wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.14)Thatevening,_____Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.15)Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,______itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.2.定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟先行詞，但是有時(shí)也可能被其它成分隔開(kāi)。(一定要找準(zhǔn)先行詞哦！)1）Heistheonlyteacherinmyoffice_______hasbeentoLondon.2）Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,__________weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.1)先行詞含all,both,any(thing),some(thing),every(thing),no(thing),none,few,little,much,thevery+n,theonly+n….用that而不用whichAllthatIwantisyourhappiness.IhopethelittlethatIhavedonehasbeenuseful.Pleasesendusalltheinformation_______youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.2)先行詞含序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)時(shí)，用that而不用whichThisisoneofthemostdeliciousmeals________Ihaveeverhad.3)先行詞既指人又指物，用that,不用which或者whoTheyaretalkingaboutthepeopleandthings_________theycanremember.4)限定性定語(yǔ)從句需要表語(yǔ)，用thatWenzhouisnottheplacethatitwas20yearsago.下面情況用which,不用that1)在非限定定語(yǔ)中用which,不用thatIn1908ForddevelopedhisModelTcar,whichsoldfor500dollars.SallygotmarriedtoJoe,whichmadePaulveryunhappy.2)介詞+which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，不能用thatFootballisatopicin________Ihaveinterest.who和that的選擇1)先行詞指人時(shí)，who和that基本可以互換。2)先行詞是one,someone,everyone,anyone,those時(shí)，常常使用whoIwouldliketosharearoomwithsomeone_______doesn’tsmoke.3)非限定定語(yǔ)從句，用who,不整用that指人Myfriend,LPing,______comesfromChengdu,playstheguitarverywell.4）介詞+whom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句ThisisthemanwithwhomIsharetheroom.5)限定性定語(yǔ)從句需要表語(yǔ)，用thatIamnotthemanthatIwastenyearsago.6.which的特殊用法which+概括意義的名詞引導(dǎo)的非限定定語(yǔ)從句duringwhichtime=andduringthattime在那段時(shí)間inwhichcase=andinthatcase在那種情況下atwhichpoint=andat