學(xué)術(shù)英語2學(xué)習(xí)

學(xué)術(shù)英語2

第一單元Whenyouhaveacold,it'simportanttoavoiddehydration.mainideaThismeansthatyoushouldmakesureyourbodygetsenoughliquids,suchaswater,juice,ortea.supportingdetailIt'salsoimportanttoeatwellandgetenoughrest.off-topicDrinkingliquidswon'tgetridofyourcold,buttheywillhelpyoufeelbetter.supportingdetailForexample,theycanloosencongestioninyournoseandhelpasorethroat.supportingdetailOtherremedieslikecoughdropscanalsohelp.off-topicAvoidliquids,suchascoffee,soda,andalcoholbecausetheseliquidsactuallypushwateroutofyourbody.supportingdetailBydrinkingenoughliquidsandstayinghydrated,youwillfeelbetterandgetwellfaster.Howmodernismodernmedicine?Somemodernmedicinescomefromremediesthathavebeenusedforhundredsofyears.mainideaForinstance,Hippocrates,aGreekphysicianinthefifthcenturyBCE,leftrecordsoftreatingpainwiththebarkfromawillowtree.supportingdetailHippocratesalsowrotethe"HippocraticOath,"apromisethatdoctorswill"donoharm"whentheytreatapatient.off-topicNativeAmericansalsousedwillowbarkforpain.supportingdetailNativeAmericanhealersmademedicinesfrommanydifferentkindsofplants.off-topicInthe1800s,scientistsdiscoveredhowtoseparatesalicylicacid,thechemicalthattreatspain,fromthetreebark.supportingdetailIn1897,FelixHoffmancreatedthefirstaspirinpowder.supportingdetailToday,aspirinisstillusedtotreatpain,andalsotopreventheartattacks.supportingdetail.Canyoucureaheadachebyputtingadeadsnakeonyourhead?Peopleusedtothinkso.Todaywelookatscientificexplanationsformedicalproblemslikeheadaches,butlongago,peoplehadotherexplanationsandremedies.mainideaAccordingtohistoriansattheUniversityofCalifornia,somepeopleintheUnitedStatesbelievedthatheadachesoccurredwhenabirdusedtheirhairtobuildanest,oriftheylefteggshellsinthesink.supportingdetailTheythoughtthatyoucouldcureafeverbymovingaperson'sweddingringtotheotherhand.off-topicManyheadacheremediesinvolvedputtingsomethingonthehead,suchasaslicedonionorpapersoakedinvinegar.supportingdetailAnotherremedywastodipyourhandincoldwater,rubthewateronthehead,andthenshakethewateroffyourhand.Thewatercouldnotstayonyourhand,orelsetheheadachewouldgobacktothehead.supportingdetailToday,wecanbuyinexpensiveheadachemedicineatanystore.off-topicBylookingatthesetypesofbeliefs,wecanseehowpeopleunderstoodillnessinthepast.Ascientifichypothesismustbefalsifiable.Thatis,youmustbeabletoimagineawaytoshowthatitisfalse,suchasbygivinganexampleshowingthatitiswrong.Forinstance,thinkaboutthehypothesisthatyougetmorecoldsincoldweather.Wecouldlookatonegroupofpeoplewhospendtimeincoldtemperaturesandanothergroupwhostayinwarmtemperatures.Ifbothgroupsgetthesamenumberofcolds,thehypothesismightbefalse.So,thishypothesisisfalsifiable.Ofcourse,scientistsdonotshoweveryhypothesistobefalse—theimportantpointisthatprovingthemfalseispossible.Thisiswhypersonalopinions,suchas"Itiswrongtocheatonexams,"arenotscientific—eachpersonhasadifferentideaaboutrightandwrong.Itisnotpossibletofalsifypersonalopinions.3Hypothesesmustalsobetestable.Thismeansitmustbepossibletocheckthembyseeingormeasuringthings.Notallhypothesesaretestable.Forexample,wecannottesthypothesesthatneedasupernaturalforce.Ifsomethingissupernatural,itdoesnotfollowthelawsofnature,andwecannotpredictitsbehavior:wecannotmeasureanythingaboutit.AnexampleofacommonhypothesisaboutcoldsisthattakingextravitaminCpreventscolds.Thisisveryeasytobelieve,especiallywhenyouthinkaboutthefollowinggenerallyknownfacts:lFruitsandvegetableshavealotofvitaminC.lPeoplewhoeatalotoffruitsandvegetablesareoftenhealthierthanpeoplewhoeatlessofthesefoods.lVitaminCisknowntohelpwithsorethroatsandnoseirritation.Giventhesefacts,wecanstatethefollowingfalsifiableandtestablehypothesis:TakingvitaminClowersthechanceofcatchingacold.However,sometimesahypothesismightseemtobetrueafterthefirsttest,butscientistsrejectitlaterafteradifferenttest.ThisiswhatactuallyhappenedwiththehypothesisthattakingvitaminCkeepscoldsaway.A1970bookbytheNobelPrizewinnerLinusPaulingagreedwiththishypothesis.Sincethen,however,repeated,carefultestshavefailedtosupportit.Also,peoplefoundthattheresultsinPauling’sbookmayhavehadotherexplanations.Today,mostcommoncoldresearchersdonotagreewiththishypothesis.1.Manyyearsago,peopleusedtobelievethatmakingpeoplebleedcouldcuretheirillnesses,butnowweknowthatthatideaisfalse.2.Fruitsandvegetablescontainmanyvitaminsthataregoodforyou.3.Yourbehaviorcanaffectyourhealth.Forexample,ifyoutouchedsomeonewhohasacoldanddidn'twashyourhands,youmightgetsick.4.Thetemperatureisgoingtodroplater;youshouldwearawarmercoat.5.Toavoidgettingacold,youshoulddrinkalotoforangejuice,eathealthyfoods,andgetenoughsleep.6.Ifyougetsickaftereatingacertainfood,itislogicaltoassumethatthefoodisprobablyspoiledornotgoodforyou.7.Learningfrombooksisimportant,butitisalsogoodtolearnfrompersonalexperiences:beingindifferentsituationsandmeetingdifferentpeople.8.Ithinkchickensoupcancuremanydifferentkindsofillnesses,butIcan'tproveit.That'sjustmypersonalopinion.9.Scientistsusuallytesttheirideasbyperformingexperimentstoseeiftheideasarecorrectornot.10.Mydaughterissick.It'spossiblethatshe'llbeabletogotoschooltomorrow,butI'mnotsureyet.1.Rupeshisaresearcherinthechemistrydepartmentattheuniversity.2.Somepeoplethinkthatkeepingyourselfwarmanddrycanpreventcolds.3.It'shardtoexplainwhysomepeoplecanrecoverfromillnessesontheirown,whileothersneedtotakealotofmedicinetogetbetter.4.Atfirst,thescientists'testsseemedtosupporttheideathatvitaminCkeepscoldsaway,butlatertestsprovedthattheideawaswrong.5.Ipredictthatifyoudrinkalotofteawithhoneyandlemon,yoursorethroatwillgoawaysoon.6.ProfessorKleinpublishedapaperthatsaidthateatingcheesecancurepeoplewhohavecancer,butmostscientistswhoreaditrejectedthisideaandthoughtitwascrazy.7.Jimmy'smothermadeapredictionthatifheatealotofcakeandcandy,hisstomachwouldhurtlater.8.MostofProfessorLevy'sresearchisaboutusingvitaminstohelprelieveheadaches.9.Theprofessorgavetheclassaveryclearexplanationaboutwhychildrenandadultsneedtousedifferenttypesofmedicines.10.Aftercollege,MariaisgoingtomovetoasmalltowninarainforestinBrazilsoshecanresearchhowpeopletheremakemedicinesfromplantsandothernaturalingredients.第二單元We(advertise)aregoingtoadvertiseWOW!throughviralmarketing.Themessage(be)willbesointerestingthatpeople(want)willwanttotelltheirfriendsaboutit.Thecampaign(not/be)willnotbeexpensivebecausewe(not/buy)arenotgoingtobuyTVorprintads.We(send)aregoingtosendoutinvitationstouseWOW!We(limit)aregoingtolimitthenumberofinvitations.Limitingtheinvitations(make)willmakethemmorevaluable.We(start)aregoingtostartthecampaigninSeptember,whenstudentsgobacktoschool.Thecampaign(reach)willreachalotofpeopleveryquickly.Whenitends,we(have)willhavethousandsofnewWOW!customers.1.Thatcompanymadeahugeprofitlastyear,andnowithasalotofmoneytodevelopnewproducts.2.Thetargetaudienceforthisadvertisingcampaignismiddleaged,marriedpeoplewithchildrentosupport.3.Thisproductisquiteexpensive,soit'sforpeoplewhocanaffordtospendalotofmoney.4.Weneedtosetabudgetforthisadvertisingcampaigntofigureouthowmuchmoneywewillneed.5.Theadvertisingcampaignfortheicecreamwasverysuccessful.Salesincreasedby75percentandpeopleallovertheworldweretalkingaboutit.6.Thecompany'smostimportantobjectivethisyearistosellmoreproductsinEurope.7.I'msurewewillsucceedincompletingthisadvertisingcampaignontimeifweallworkveryhard.AdvertisingTypeObjectivedinformativea.tocontrastaproductwithsimilarproductsbpersuasiveb.toconvincepeoplethataproductisbetteracomparativec.tokeeppeoplethinkingaboutaproductcreminderd.togiveinformationaboutaproductAdvertisingTypeProductTductsthataresimilartootherproductsbcomparativec.newproductsareminderAdvertisingTypeExamplesofProductscinformativea.Aviscpersuasiveb.Coca-Colaacomparativec.DVDplayersbreminder1.AdvertisersspendmoremoneyintheU.S.thantheyspendinternationally.False2.Proctor&Gamblespentmoremoneyonadvertisingthanallothercompanies.True3.Advertisingisonlyusedbybusinessesthatneedtosellaproduct.False4.Thereisonemaintargetforadvertising.False5.TheU.S.governmentdoesalotofadvertising.True6.Decidinghowmuchmoneytospendonadvertisingisanimportantstepinplanninganadvertisingcampaign.True1.Althoughadvertisingisusedmostlybybusiness,manyothertypesoforganizationsalsouseit.Theseincludenot-for-profitorganizations,professionals,andgovernmentagencies.Theyalladvertisetovarioustargetaudiences.Infact,the25thlargestadvertisingspenderisanot-for-profitorganization—theU.S.roduceasurprisingtruth2.Thiskindofadvertisingiscalledpersuasiveadvertising.Forinstance,whenDVDplayersbecamecommon,Sonybegantryingtopersuadecustomersthatitsbrandhasthebestqualityfortheirmoneytokeepsalesroduceanexample3.Thisisbecauseconsumersalreadyknowthenormalfeaturesoftheproduct.Instead,theyneedtoseehowonecompany’sversionisbetterthanalltheroduceacontrast4.Companiesuseinformativeadvertisingtogiveinformationaboutanewtypeofproduct.Inthiscase,thepurposeistoincreasedemandforthenewproduct.referbacktoaspecificsituation5.Comparativeadvertisingalsotriestopersuade.ThusitisreallyakindofpersuasiveroducearesultCompaniesuseinformativeadvertisingtogiveinformationaboutanewtypeofproduct.Inthiscase,thepurposeistoincreasedemandforthenewproduct.DVDplayersareagoodexample.Thefirstsellersoftheseproductshadtotellconsumersaboutthequalityandconvenienceofthenewproduct.Bigsalessoonfollowed.However,informativeadvertisingdoesn’tworksowellwhentherearemanycompanieswiththesamekindofproduct.Thisisbecauseconsumersalreadyknowthenormalfeaturesoftheproduct.Instead,theyneedtoseehowonecompany’sversionisbetterthanalltheothers.Thiskindofadvertisingiscalledpersuasiveadvertising.Forinstance,whenDVDplayersbecamecommon,Sonybegantryingtopersuadecustomersthatitsbrandhasthebestqualityfortheirmoneytokeepsaleshigh.Comparativeadvertisingalsotriestopersuade.Thusitisreallyakindofpersuasiveadvertising.Inthis,acompanycomparesitsbrandwithoneormoreotherbrands.Comparativeadvertisinghasbeenusedforproductsfromsoftdrinkstocarrentalsandcreditcards.AnexampleisAvis,acarrentalcompany,whichcompareditselfwithitsbiggerrivalHertzbyclaiming,“We’renumbertwo,sowetryharder.”Thisisapositiveexample,butcomparisonsinadvertisingcansometimesbecomequitenegative.Insomecountries,thisadvertisingstrategyisn’tusedverymuch.Inothers,itisevenbannedBasedonthefirstparagraph,whatwilltherestofthepassageprobablybeabout?A.whygovernmentshaveusedadvertisingtotrytohelppeopleB.howadvertisershavetriedtopersuadepeopletostopsmokingandwearseatbeltsC.whysmokingandwearingseatbeltsaremorepopularinsomecountriesthaninothersD.howadvertisingcampaignsthathelpthepublicaresimilartocampaignsthatsellproductWhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribeshowtheselectionisorganized?A.Theselectiongivessomeone’sopinionaboutsmokingandwearingseatbelts.B.Theselectionexplainsthecausesandeffectsofstoppingsmokingandwearingseatbelts.C.Theselectioncomparesandcontrastsadvertisementsaboutstoppingsmokingandaboutwearingseatbelts.D.Theselectiongivesdetailsaboutwhyitisimportanttoadvertiseinordertohelppeoplestopsmokingandstartwearingseatbelts.ausesEffectsdAnti-smokingcampaignstrytopersuadepeopletostopdoingsomething,andseatbeltcampaignstrytopersuadepeopletostartdoingsomething.a.Theadscouldjokeaboutsomethingserious.eAnadvertisementwithaformersmokerisshowninNewYorkCity.b.Viewersenjoyedtheadsandrememberedthemessage.aVinceandLarrywerenotrealpeople.c.Everyonehasbenefitedfromtheads.bAdsfeaturingVinceandLarryusedhumortogetviewers’attention.d.Thetwocampaignshavetakendifferentforms.cAdvertisershavesuccessfullyreachedviewersandlisteners.e.Callstofindoutabouttheissueincreaseddramatically.第三單元1.anasteroidhitEarththedinosaursbecameextinctAfteranasteroidhitEarth,thedinosaursbecameextinct2.ameteoritehitnearTunguskapeoplesawabrightlightPeoplesawabrightlightafterameteoritehitnearTunguskaandameteoritehitnearTunguska.3.theasteroidhitEarththecollisionsentdustupintotheairWhentheasteroidhitEarth,thecollisionsentdustupintotheair.4.anasteroid'souterlayerburnsoffitentersEarth'satmosphereAnasteroid'souterlayerburnsoffafteritentersEarth'satmosphere.5.therewerefourothermassextinctioneventstheeventthatkilledthedinosaursTherewerefourothermassextinctioneventsbeforetheeventthatkilledthedinosaurs.6.earthquakesoccurthetectonicplatescollideEarthquakesoccurwhenthetectonicplatescollide.7.alargeasteroidhitsEarth.itreleasesmoreenergythananuclearbombWhenalargeasteroidhitsEarth,itreleasesmoreenergythananuclearbomb.8.scientificexplanationschangesomeonediscoversnewinformationScientificexplanationschangewhensomeonediscoversnewinformation.9.thediscoveryofiridiumscientistsweren'tsurehowthedinosaursdiedBeforescientistsweren’tsurehowthedinosaursdied,thediscoveryofiridium.1.ScientistspredictthatanasteroidwillhitEarthin2018.A.trueB.false2.TheCelesTekSpaceResearchAgencydoesresearchonNear-EarthObjects.A.trueB.false3.ObjectsthesizeofacarburnupintheatmospherebeforetheyhitEarth.A.trueB.false4.AnobjectthesizeofacarhitsEarthevery1,000years.A.trueB.false5.AnobjectthesizeofafootballfieldfellinRussiaintheearly1900s.A.trueB.false6.AnobjectbigenoughtocauseaseriouscatastrophehitsEartheveryfewthousandyears.A.trueB.false1.Howdidthedinosaursbecomeextinct?Thisisoneofthebiggestmysteriesinscience.2.Atfirst,scientiststhoughtdinosaursdiedoutbecauseofearthquakesorvolcanoes.Later,theydiscoveredevidencethatanasteroidhittheearth.3.ScientistsbelievethatalargeasteroidhitEarth65millionyearsago.Thiseventledtotheextinctionofthedinosaurs.4.Scientistslookedatlayersofrockmade65millionyearsago.Theycontainhighlevelsofiridium.5.WhentheasteroidhitEarth,thedustfromthecollisioncausedplantsandtreestodie.Inaddition,thedustintheatmospheremadetheclimatemuchcooler.6.ThereisachancethatanotherasteroidcouldhitEarth.However,itmaynothappenforthousandsofyears.7.ScientistsaresurveyingNear-EarthObjectsinspace.Theyarelookingforanyobjectslargerthanonemeterindiameter.8.TherearemanyNear-EarthObjectsinspace.However,thereisnotmuchdangerthatmanyofthemcouldhitEarth.9.AlargeobjectfromspacehitEarthnearTunguska,Russiain1908.ThiswasthelastobjecttohitEarthandcausesignificantdamage.1.ThescientistwasabletomorecloselypredictwhenameteoritemighthittheEarthagain,whichwasagreatachievement.2.TheEarthdoesnothavealotofcraters,butIamnotsureaboutotherplanets.3.InrocksonEarth,thelowerlayersarenormallyolderthanthoseabovethem.4.Itisamazingthatsomeanimals,likecrocodilesandsharks,havemanagedtoliveonEarthforsuchalongtime.5.Expertsdisagreeonthereasonswhydinosaursbecameextinct,somyprofessorexplainedallofthepossiblereasonstotheclass.6.Inthispartofthemountain,thedifferentkindsofrockmatchdifferentperiodsinhistory.7.Averylargepercentageoftheplantsandanimalsintheareadiedafterthevolcanoerupted.8.NewevidencehasbeenfoundtosupportthetheorythatdinosaurswentextinctwhenanIceAgebeganandtheworldbecameverycold.9.Someplantsareveryvulnerabletohightemperatures,andtheyquicklydieifitgetstoohot.10.Thechangeinweatherwasverysudden—oneminuteitwasboilinghot,andthenextitwasfreezingcold.1.Floridahasaveryhotclimate,anditsometimesrainsalotthere.2.ScientiststhinkthatallthedinosaursonEarthwerekilledwhensomekindofterriblecatastrophehappened.3.Whenthemeteoritehittheearth,itmadeagiantholeintheground.4.Theeffectsofthevolcaniceruptionwerecatastrophic.Itburnedupeverythinginthearea.5.Theearthissurroundedbyalayerofaircalledtheatmosphere.6.Thereisevidencetosupportthetheorythatafewdinosaurssurvivedthemassextinctionoftheirspecies.1.Thedinosaurs_______.A.disappearedunderconditionsthatarenotcertainB.livedinonlyafewplacesonEarthC.werethelargestanimalsthateverlivedD.disappearedbecauseofasuddenclimatechangeE.weretheonlyspeciesthatdied65millionyearsago2.Researchersdiscoveredthat_______.A.thereisalayerofiridiumintherocknearwheredinosaurslivedB.therearelargeamountsofiridiumintherocklayerallaroundtheworldC.therocklayerwithiridiumformedabout65millionyearsagoD.therocklayerhasthesameamountofiridiumasmeteoritesE.somedinosaurfossilshavelargeamountsofiridium3.Researchersbelievethat_______.A.anasteroidhittheEarthB.dustfromtheasteroidwentintotheatmosphereC.theasteroidcausedearthquakesandfloodsD.theasteroidhitalotofdinosaursandkilledthemE.theiridiumintherockscamefromanasteroid4.AsaresultoftheasteroidhittingEarth,______.A.dinosaurshadnothingtoeatB.dustcoveredtheplantsandkilledthemC.dustintheatmosphereblockedthesunlightD.plantsandanimalsdiedE.theEarthbecamewarmer1.TheChicxulubcraterinMexicoprovidesevidencethatanasteroidhitEarth.true2.TheChicxulubcraterwasmadebya100-milewideasteroid.false3.TheasteroidthatmadetheChicxulubcraterwasstrongerthananuclearbomb.true4.Somescientistsstillthinkthatvolcanoescausedthemassextinction.true5.It’simpossibletohavedinosaurfossilsthatdatefromtheperiodafterthemassextinction65millionyearsago.false6.Themassextinctionthatkilledthedinosaurswasprobablynotcausedbyameteorite.false7.Scientistscanpredictwhenthenextmassextinctionwillhappen.falseFormanyyears,oneofthebiggestmysteriesinsciencehasbeenhowthedinosaursdisappearedTheseamazinganimalsruledEarthfor160millionyears.Theylivedeverywhere,oneverycontinent.TheywerethelargestandmostpowerfulanimalsforalargepartofthehistoryofanimallifeonEarth.Comparedwithhumans’twohundredthousandyearsorso,thisisanamazingachievement.But,suddenly,about65millionyearsago,theyalldied.Anditwasn’tjustthedinosaurs—interestingly,morethan50percentofallanimalspeciesonEarthalsodisappeared.Thisisverysurprising,becausetherewereverymanydifferentspeciesofdinosaur,allsuitedtodifferentclimatesandconditions.Thenormalcausesofextinction,suchasnaturalclimatechange,mayexplainwhysomespeciesofdinosaurdiedout,butnotallofthem.Aswewillsee,itseemslikelythatamajorandsuddendisastercausedtheirdisappearance.1.So,whatwasthisdisaster?Inthepast,scientiststhoughtofmanypossibleexplanations.Theseincludeddisease,earthquakes,volcanoes,orevenchangesinthemagneticfieldofEarth.Unfortunately,foralongtime,therewasnostrongevidenceforanyofthem.2.Alvarezandhisteamwereamazedtofindthatthelayerofrockthatmatchedthetimeofthedinosaurs’extinction65millionyearsagohadaverylargeamountofsomethingcallediridium.3.Infact,therewas30to130timesmoreofthismaterialthannormalinthislayerofrock.WhatamazedtheAlvarezteamwasthatthiswasaboutthesameamountasthepercentageofiridiuminmeteorites.4.ScientistscanpredictwhatmighthappenwhenalargeasteroidhitEarth.Thecollisionwouldsenddustupintotheatmosphere.5.Somesaythattheiridiumlayeristhickerinsomeplacesthanothers.Noonecanfindafullexplanationforthis.Peoplewhodisagreewiththemeteoritetheorysaythatvolcanoescouldhaveproducedthesameresult.6.Also,thereisasmallamountofevidencethatnotalldinosaursdiedout.Archeologistshavefounddinosaurfossilsfromuptoamillionyearslaterthanthemassextinction.7.Toconclude,currentevidenceseemstopointtoa(n)majorcatastrophe—mostlikelyameteorite1.Onereasonthefirstparagraphofthepassageiswell-organizedisbecauseA.Eachsentenceexplainssomethingnewaboutscience.B.Eachsentenceusesdifferentwordstorefertoameteorite.C.EachsentencereferstoaparticularmeteoritethatfelltoEarth.D.Eachsentencecontainsreferringwordstogivethereaderinformationhatglowingobjectturnedouttobeameteorite.thefireball...theylookedverydifferentfromtheAustraliansoil…thepiecesofthemeteoriteThemostinterestingthingaboutthefragments…thepiecesofthemeteoriteTheinvestigatorsreachedadramaticconclusion…thescientists…madeitswaythroughEarth’satmosphere…themeteorite…thiswasasignificantbreakthrough.theconclusionthatthemeteoritehadbrokenofffromVesta1.Whichofthefollowingsentencesfromthefirstparagraphcontainsawordthatindicatesthetopicwillbeshifting?A.ScientistswereabletoidentifythepiecesofthemeteoritebecausetheylookedverydifferentfromtheAustraliansoilintowhichtheyfell.B.Themostinterestingthingaboutthefragments,however,wasnottheirdifferencefromEarth’ssoilbuttheirsimilaritytotheknowncompositionofaparticularasteroidknownasVesta.C.TheinvestigatorsconcludedthatthemeteoritehadbrokenofffromVestaandmadeitswaythroughEarth’satmospheretolandinAustralia.D.Becausethesourcesofmostmeteoritesareneveridentified,thiswasasignificantbreakthrough.2.Whichofthefollowingwillparagraph2oftheselectionmostlikelyexplain?A.thereasonsthemeteoritebrokeofffromVestaandfelltoEarthB.thereactionofthepeopleinAustraliatothemeteoritebreakingofffromVestaC.themethodthescientistsusedtodeterminethatthemeteoritebrokeofffromVestaD.thequalificationsofthescientistswhostudiedthemeteoritethatbrokeofffromVesta第四單元1.Beforewedecidedwhattodo,weexploredallthedifferentpossibilities.2.Somepeoplewhoarefacedwithadifficultsituationlikethedeathofalovedone,becomeveryupsetanddepressed,whileotherpeopleareabletogoonwiththeirlives.3.IttooktheactorsixmonthstocompletethedifficulttaskofpreparingtoplaytheroleofJuliusCaesar.4.Themaincharacterintheplaywastreatedbadlyasachild,anditaffectedhispersonalityforever.5.Actorsconsidermanydifferentthingswhentheydecidewhetherornottoacceptarole.6.Ididn’tthinkthata40-year-oldactorwasbelievableintheroleofateenageboy.7.SheisveryexcitedbecausesheisgoingtoportrayMarilynMonroeinamovienextyear.8.Actorsliketohavethecompleteattentionofthepeopleintheiraudience.9.Theactordidn'tlikethescriptthatwassenttohim,soheturneddowntheroleinthemovie.10.Thecharactersinthemoviewerelostundergroundinadark,coldcaveforthreedays.1.Actorshavetothinkaboutmanyaspectsoftheircharacters’livesandexperiences—forexample,theirpersonality,theirsocialbackground,andtheirfamilyhistory.A.trueB.false2.Whenactorsdothesamethingstheyhavealwaysdonebeforeintheirroles,peoplebecomelessinterestedinwatchingthem.Thisiswhyactorsshouldtrytobecreativewhentheywork.A.trueB.false3.Ifyoucanimaginedangers,youcanoftenprotectyourselffromthem.Forthisreason,earlyhumanswhohadgoodimaginationsdidnotusuallysurviveverylong.A.trueB.false4.Therearemanytoolsthatactorscanusewhentheywork.Theseincludeusingtheirbodies,voices,andimagination.A.trueB.false5.Theactorwaswellknownforhiscreativitywhenheplayedrolesthatwerebasedonreal-lifepeople.Healwaysfoundoutasmuchaboutthepersonhewasplayingaspossibleandthendidexactlywhatthepersonhaddoneineverysituation.A.trueB.false6.Survivalisveryeasywhenyouareoutinthemiddleofthedesert.Itisveryhotthere,anditisalsoverydifficulttofindfoodandwater.A.trueB.false1.Peoplehaveusedtheirimaginationsforthousandsofyears.A.mainideaB.detail2.Earlyhumanscouldnoteasilysmellabearinacave.A.mainideaB.detail3.Earlyhumansusedtheirimaginationstoescapedanger.A.mainideaB.detail4.Anactorusesthesameprocessofimaginationthatweuseineverydaylife.A.mainideaB.detail5.Actorsareatypeofartist.A.mainideaB.detail6.Actorscanusetheirimaginationsinplaysormovies.A.mainideaB.detail7.Peopleintheaudiencealsoneedtousetheirimaginations.A.mainideaB.detail1.Anactormustimaginethecharacter's______.A.actionsB.educationandworkexperienceC.feelingsD.lifeexperiencesE.futureplans2.Asking"whatif?"helpsanactorimagine______.A.differentpossibleactionsB.Stanislavsky's"system"C.thecharacter'ssituationD.themostauthenticactionsE.thewordsthecharacterwoulduseLet’slookatanexample.Imagineyourcharacterisaknifemurderer.Fo