經(jīng)綜合寫作答案店鋪地址IDymc1019微博沐托福

W1【08年1月5日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)寫作第1題-綜合寫作 W1【11年3月19日托福機(jī)經(jīng)綜合寫作 W1【09年1月18日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)寫作第1題-綜合寫作 W1【09年2月22日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)寫作第1題-綜合寫作 W1【09年6月13日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)寫作第1題-綜合寫作 W1【09年10月18日陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)綜合寫作 W1【09年10月25日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)寫作第1題-綜合寫作 W1【09年11月21日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)寫作第1題-綜合寫作 W1【10年2月21日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)寫作第1題-綜合寫作 W1【106261題-綜合寫作】 W1【11年4月23日陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)綜合寫作】 W1【115141題-綜合寫作】(=110514NAW1)W1【11年5月29日陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)綜合寫作 W1【11年6月19日陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)綜合寫作】 W1【116251題-綜合寫作】(=091017NAW1) W1【11年11月26日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)-綜合寫作】 W1【1112101題- W1【122241題-綜合寫作】(=100213NAW1)W1【124141題-綜合寫作】(=120414NAW1) W1【125121題-(=110420NAW136 (A)W1【12年8月25日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)A卷寫作第1題-綜合寫作】高分答 W1【12年10月27日陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)綜合寫作 錯誤!未定義書簽。120817NAW1【12年8月17日托福機(jī)經(jīng)綜合寫作 121012NAW1【12年10月12日托福機(jī)經(jīng)綜合寫作 錯誤!未定義書簽121027NAW1【12年10月27日托福機(jī)經(jīng)綜合寫作 錯誤!未定義書簽130118NAW1【13年1月18日托福機(jī)經(jīng)寫作第1題-綜合寫作 130215NAW1【13年2月15日托福機(jī)經(jīng)寫作第1題-綜合寫作 W1【0815日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)寫1題-綜合寫importedspeciesmaydoharmtolocalecosystemimportedspeciesdestroytheusefulaspectsoflocalspecies.importedspeciesaddsthelocaleconomicburden分別反駁三個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，對得很工整：1．農(nóng)作物引入是一個(gè)好事情（importedspeciesdoesn’talwaysdoharmtolocalecosystemagriculture為例）2．對于資Canetoad（reading中的例子）引Florida消除害蟲（importedspeciesdoesn’talwaysdestroytheaspectsoflocalspeciesitdependsonlocalcircumstance.Florida引進(jìn)toad為例。子），成為了人們喂養(yǎng)牲畜的飼料和生火的（importedspeciesaddsthelocaleconomicburden,itdependsonlocalcircumstance.以MesquiteimportedintoAfrica為例，foodandfirewood.）Thereadingpassageexinsthenegativeeffectsofintroducingforeignspeciesintoalocalecosystem.Thelecture,ontheotherhand,offerscounrgumentstoprovethatintroducedspeciesmanynotnecessarilybeharmful.First,accordingtothereading,importedspeciesmaydestroytheexistingbalancewithinanecosystem.However,thelecturerarguesthatthesespeciesdon’talwaysdoharmtothelocalecosystem.Insteadtheymaybringbenefitstolocalagriculture.Second,thereadingstatesthatimportedspeciesmaydestroytheusefulaspectsoflocalspecies.Yetthelecturerpointsoutthatthisisnotalwaysthecase.Hepointsoutthatitdependsonlocalcircumstances.Forexample,thecanetoadsintroducedintothestateofFloridahavehelpedtoexterminatepeststhathaveinfestedlocalharvest.Finally,thereadingcontendsthatimportedspeciesmayaddtothelocaleconomicburden.Again,thelecturerrefutesthispointbysayingthattheimpactonlocaleconomyvariesfromcetoce.He/Sheusestheexampleofmesquitetoillustratethispoint.ThisntimportedintoAfricahasbeenusedasfoodandfirewoodbythelocalpeople,ausefulcontributiontothelocaleconomy.托托福機(jī)經(jīng)綜W1【11319閱讀是說有個(gè)作家xx說在between1421年and1423年去過America。聽力講座：教授說懷疑中國人沒到過America，noevidencetoshowcametoAmerica在1421-1423年第二段大概是說在coastland還是哪里發(fā)現(xiàn)了石頭的anchors，說人在哪里弄的。第三段是說在某個(gè)島上面有個(gè)stonetower，有點(diǎn)像lighthouse，說人搞的，然后sailorcouldraiseandxxtformforrepairdamagedboats. 那些marking是naturalformation，不是人為的marking，只是像人為的。說geologist看的話一眼就可以看出是天然行程的。第二說那些anchor也不一定人，因?yàn)樵谀莻€(gè)時(shí)候，anchor已經(jīng)用了好久在EnglandownerlighthouseEngland建筑。ThereadingpassageprovidesthreepiecesofevidencetosupportauthorGavinMenzies’sclaimthatitwaswhofirstvisitedtheAmericas.However,thelecturerdismissesthisclaimasunfounded.First,astothemarkingsresemblingcharactersdiscoveredonarockonBiminiRoad,thelecturerarguesthatthesemarkingsarenaturalformationratherthanhumanengraving.Itlooksasiftheywerecarvedbyhumansbutacloserexaminationbygeologistswouldimmedia yrevealthattheyareformedbynatural Second,regardingthedonut-likeanchorfoundofftheCoastofBimini,whichseemstobemadeby,thespeakersuggeststhatthisdoesnotnecessarilymeanhadbeentherefirst,becausesimilaranchorshadlongbeenusedinnavigationbymanyotherFinally,thelecturerefusestoviewthestonetowersonBiminiIslandasevidenceofthearrivalofsailorsearlierthanothers.Hepointsoutthatalthoughthesetowerslooklikealighthousefromadistance,theyareinfactbuiltinanEnglisharchitecturalstyle.Furthermore,carbondatingtechniquehasindicatedthattheconstructionbysailorstookcemuchlaterthanthe15thcentury.W1【09118日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)寫1題-綜合寫wall其實(shí)不一樣。島上的是中空(hollow)海水里泡n天，還是能長)ThelecturerarguesagainstthetheorypresentedinthereadingthattheinhabitantsofEasterIslandoriginallycamefromSouthAmerica.ThefirstpointinthereadingisthatsettlersfromSouthAmericancouldhavearrivedatEasterIslandbytakingaraftandsailingwithwind.However,thelecturerarguesthattherewerenoremainsofraftsorboatsontheislandthathadsignsofaSouthAmericanSecondly,thereadingrefersthestonewallsonEasterIslandasevidencebecausetheyhadsimilarstructurewiththeIncastonewallsinSouthAmerica.However,thelecturersaysthattheyonlyhavesuperficialsimilarity.AcloserstudyrevealsthatthestonewallsonEasterIslandwerehollowinside,unlikethoseinSouthAmerica.Finally,thereadingstatesthatsomentsonEasterIslandclearlycamefromSouthAmerica,butthelecturerthrowsdoubtsonthatevidence.HeexinsthattheseedsofnativeSouthAmericanntscouldhavedriftedacrosstheoceanandreachedEasterIsland,andthengerminatedandpropagatedthere.Studiesshowthatevenafterseveraldaysofbeingimmersedinseawater,theseedscanstillgrow.W1【09222日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)1題-綜合寫作】thedeathofaherdofdinosaursfoundinMexico.）掉進(jìn)泥沼出不來死的（theymaybestuckinthemudandcan't是毒死的，水塘（theymayhavebeenpoisonedtodeathsincetherearepoisonouschemicalsfoundintheirbody.）（suddenflood.becausetheskeletonofthedinosaursremaincomplete.）iftheyarestuckinthemud,2,theremainsofthefishisfound.sothewaterwon'tbe3,theposeoftheirdeathbodyindicatesthatthedeathmayhavehappenedbeforetheSomedinosaurfossilswerediscoveredinGhostRanchwhich,accordingtothereadingcouldexinthedeathofaheardofdinosaursinthatarea.Threepossiblehypothesesweregivenastowhythesedinosaursdied,butthelecturerchallengestheseexnations.Thefirsthypothesisisthatthedinosaursmayhavebeenstuckinthemudandeventuallydiedtherebecausetheycouldnotescape.Thistheorywassupportedbyevidencethatmudwasfoundaroundthebones.However,thelecturerarguesthatifthedinosaursdidindeeddiestuckinthemud,theirbonesfoundatthesitewouldhavebeenfoundlyingdowninsteadofstandingup.Thesecondhypothesisisthatthedinosaursdiedafterdrinkingpoisonedwatersincetherewerepoisonouschemicalsfoundintheirbodies.However,thelecturerpointstotheremainsoffishalsofoundinthesamesite,arguingthatthesefishshowednosignsofbeingpoisoned,indicatingthatpoisonedwatermaynothavebeenthecauseofdeath.Thelasthypothesisisasuddenfloodwhichhaddrownedthedinosaurstodeath.Thisissupportedbyevidencethattheskeletonofthedinosaursremainedcomplete.Theopposingevidence,however,isthatthedinosaursappearedtohavediedwiththeirneckscurvedinward.Thispostureindicatesthattheirdeathoccurredbeforetheflood. W1【09613日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)寫1題-綜合寫對市民的稅中包含了對公園的等費(fèi)用，所以不應(yīng)額外，而且國家公園就是應(yīng)該讓大家免費(fèi)參觀。2）會減少大家去公園的，去公園的人數(shù)將會而會分散對別的工作的重視，如保障游人安全，保護(hù)公園環(huán)境等，閱讀材料認(rèn)為這些才是真正需要工作人員重視的。1）教授認(rèn)為會對人們更加公平，體現(xiàn)在，有的人每年最多來一次公園，卻要Thereadingpassageprovidesthreereasonstoargueagainstpayingadmissionchargestonationalparks.However,inthelecture,theprofessorstatesthatadmissionchargesareThefirstpointinthereadingisthatmostnationalparksarebuiltandmaintainedtaxpayers’money,sotheyshouldprovideaccesstoeverytaxpayer.Theprofessor,ontheotherhand,pointsoutthatnoteverytaxpayerwouldpayavisittothenationalpark,soitwouldonlybefairifthosewhodovisittheparkarechargedwithsomeadmissionfees,andthosewhonevervisittheparkarenot.Second,thereadingclaimsthatthenumberofvisitorstonationalparkswilldeclineiftheyarenot .However,thelecturerdoesnotagreewiththis.Hearguesthat,onthecontrary,parksthatchargeadmissionwillreceiveevenmorevisitors.Thisisbecausepeoplewillthinkofparksthatchargehighadmissionfeesasmoreworthvisitingthanthoseparksthatchargelessorprovide Finally,accordingtothereading,workrelatedwithticketsalesanddisposalmaydistractstaff’sattentionfromngmoreimportantthingssuchasprovidingsafetymeasuresandprotectingparkenvironment.Yetthelecturerregardssuchworkasbeneficialbecauseitgivesemployeesattheparkopportunitiestogetclosetovisitors,learnabouttheirneeds,andlistentotheirsuggestionsonhowtoimprovethepark.W1【0988日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)寫1題-綜合寫 Reading：在一個(gè)叫M的地方發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)，里面挖掘出的東西證明已有200001：對碳同位素測定出的時(shí)間有理由2：20000年前是冰河期，當(dāng)時(shí)有一座冰川離M只有80 的動植物和手工制品需要在溫暖條件下存在。 人誤解年代較古老的東西是位于上層的。Speaking：支持中的還有g(shù)roundwater。高。在M的處是可能有溫暖氣候的。ThereadingpassagechallengesaclaimthatacavediscoveredinNorthAmericahasahistoryof20,000years.However,thelecturesupportsthisclaim.First,thereadingarguesthatcarbondatingdoesnotnecessarilyproduceconvincingdataaboutthetrueageofthiscave,becausethecarbonsamplesusedfordatingmighthaveoriginatedfromsomewhereelse.However,theprofessorquestionsthisargument.Hesaysthat,ifthesecarbonelementsindeedcamefromothersources,thereshouldhavebeensignsoferosion,orindicationsinthegroundwater.(由于機(jī)經(jīng)回憶不詳，無法還原答案細(xì)節(jié)，考試Second,thereadingstatesthatthelasticeagewasabout20,000yearsago.Thentsandhandicraftsexcavatedfromthiscavecouldnothavedatedsolongagobecausetheyrequirewarmconditionsforpreservation.However,theprofessorarguesthatthecavecouldhavesupportedawarmcondition,becauseitwaslocatedatloweraltitudes,andtemperaturestendedtoincreaseatsuchaltitudes.Third,thereadingpointsoutthathumanoranimalactivitiesovertheagesmighthavemovedlowerlayersofarchaeologicalobjectstoupperlayers,makinginterpretationoftheageoftheseobjectslessaccurate.However,thelecturerrefutesthistheorybysayingthathumanoranimalactivitiescouldonlyhaveaffectedstratificationsclosetothesurfaceofthesoil.Excavationofthecavewasdeepbeneaththesoil,sodestructionatthatdepthwaslessthanpossible.陸陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)綜合寫W1【091018readingpassage：有些farm常常受到hail的破壞，導(dǎo)致缺水。有法叫成lightsnow，就不破壞農(nóng)業(yè)了。三個(gè)evidence能證明：labexperimentresultsinAsialocalstudy現(xiàn)象比如snow、rainfarmdrought問題，更不好。的確本地有些地方的記錄表明用了cloudseeding技術(shù)使得hail轉(zhuǎn)化、減少M(fèi)anyfarmsintheUSsuffercropdamagefromhail.Cloudseedingisacommontechniqueusedtopreventsuchdamage.Cloudseedingworksbydispersingchemicalssuchassilveriodideintothecloud,turninghailintolightsnow.Threepiecesofevidenceinthereadingpassageprovethatcloudseedingisveryeffectiveinpreventinghaildamagetocrops.However,thelecturerefuteseachofthem.First,thelecturerarguesthatsuccessinlabexperimentisnotsufficienttoprovethatcloudseedingisbeneficialinreality.Silveriodidenotonlyreduceshail,butalsoreducesnaturalphenomenonsuchassnowandrain,whichmayleadtodrought.Thisisevenworseforthecrops.Second,successinAsiacannotberepeatedinotherces.Asiancitieshaveahighlevelofpollutionsotherearelargeamountsofparticlesintheairwhichreactwithsilveriodideforcloudseedingtowork.However,intheUS,theskiesoverfarmlandsarenotpollutedanddonothavetheseparticles.Socloudseedingisnotlikelytoworkwellintheseregions.Finally,localstudyisnotconvincingeither.Indeedlocalrecordsshowthatinsomecesthatusecloudseeding,occurrencesofhaildamagearereduced.Butinotherceswherecloudseedingisnotused,thereisalsoadecreaseinhaildamage.Sotheimprovedsituationmaynotbetheresultofcouldseeding.Theymaybeduetootherenvironmental W1【091025日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)1題-綜合寫作】綜合作文：背景是一些高中要求學(xué)生們每周做兩個(gè)小時(shí)的。1Paragraph里面說，這樣是沒有用的，因?yàn)椋?學(xué)生們可以取巧，在自己的家長或者祖父母那里干活然后作為匯報(bào)，只有自己匯報(bào)沒有其他東西來證明；2會讓學(xué)生們以后遠(yuǎn)離志無償?shù)牧耍?學(xué)校的要求是破壞學(xué)生的權(quán)利(violatestudents’right)，學(xué)校沒Lecture說，paragraph里面說的是沒有道理的，因?yàn)椋?學(xué)生自己的工作匯報(bào)只是 ofthecity)來保證；2學(xué)生們喜歡作者愿者，比如那些在醫(yī)院和幫助過小孩子們的學(xué)生覺得他們的經(jīng)歷很好(powerfulexperience)，并激發(fā)他們繼續(xù)做下去(motivate)；3學(xué)校的要求不是破壞學(xué)生權(quán)利，如果高中能夠Somehighschoolsrequirestudentstoparticipateinvolunteeractivitiesforatleast2hourseveryweek.Thereadingpassageclaimsthatsuchrequirementisnotmeaningful,whilethelecturearguesthatvolunteerworkisbeneficialtohighschoolstudentsandthereforejustified.Firstly,thereadingsaysthatsomehighschoolstudentscaneasilyfulfilthisrequirementbyreportingthattheyhavedonesomeworkincesliketheirgrandparents’gardens.Thereisnowaytheschoolcanmonitortheirwork.However,thelecturersaysstudents’ownreportisonlypartoftheevaluation.Theschoolalsocheckswithrelevantlocalatthestudents’ceofwork,askingforofficialasproofofthestudent’srecordofvolunteerservice.Secondly,thereadingraisestheconcernthatvolunteerworkmandatedbytheschoolmayinstillaconceptinstudents’mindthatvolunteerworkisactuallytiedwithsomeformsofbenefits.Thismaypreventstudentsfromparticipatinginvolunteerworkinthefuturewhenthereisnosuchbenefit.Yetthelecturerexinsthatmanystudentswhohavedonesometypesofvolunteerworksuchasworkinginthehospitalregardsuchexperienceasverypowerfulandrewarding.Theyfeelmotivatedtocontinuengvolunteerworkinthefuture.Finally,accordingtothereadingpassage,requiringstudentstodovolunteerworkisaviolationofstudent’ domandrights,whichisillegal.Thelecturer,however,drawsanogybetweenvolunteerworkandacademiccurricula.Hearguesthatifthereisnothingwrongwithschoolsrequiringstudentstotakeacademiccoursessuchasmath,thentheyarenotviolatinganystudent’srightwhentheydemandthestudenttodosomevolunteerwork. W1【091121日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)1題-綜合寫作】Permanenthumanpresence現(xiàn)在VENUS上：氣壓，水和氧氣，光線(注意問題是professorproposalsolvechallengepresentedinthereadingcontradict。比如professor承認(rèn)閱讀中的內(nèi)容，但是認(rèn)為有解決方案)第一點(diǎn)：閱讀中認(rèn)為Venus基本上不可能Permanenthumanpresence，寫作則認(rèn)為可能，first:閱讀中認(rèn)為theatmosphericpressureontheVenus'surfaceishigherthantheEarth's。任何spacecraft著陸后一小時(shí)都會crush。寫作中認(rèn)為即使表面的大氣壓力很大，但是50kmabovesurface是和地球一樣的，可以建立floatingstation和 process，而且Venussolarcell,sunlightandreflectsunlightbelow。這樣會有morethanenoughelectricity.ThereadingpassagestatesthatitisimpossibletoestablishpermanenthumanpresenceonVenus,duetosignificantchallengescausedbythent’shostilesurfaceenvironment.Yetthelecturerarguesthatthereareways etheseThefirstchallengeispressure.TheatmosphericpressureonthesurfaceofVenusisfargreaterthanonEarth,soanyspacecraftthattriestolandonVenusformorethanonehourwouldinevitablycrush.[s-keygen-aswer- ]However,thelecturerarguesthat50metersabovethesurfaceofVenus,theatmosphericpressureissimilartothatonEarth,sohumanscanprobablyestablishfloatingstationsaboveVenuslikeballoons.Furthermore,waterandoxygen,bothessentialforhumansurvival,arealmostabsentfromVenus.Butthelecturerstatesthatwaterandoxygencanbeproducedbychemicalprocess.VenusprovidesplentyofrawmaterialstoallowsuchprocesssothereisnoneedtotransportwaterandoxygenfromEarthtoVenus.ThefinalchallengeisthedenselayerofcloudsoverVenus,whichblockssunlight,makingnavigationbasedonsolarpowerunlikelyoverVenus.However,thelecturerexinsthatsolarcellscanbeusedeffectivelybecausethereisplentyofsunlightabovethecloudsandthesecloudsalsoreflectsunlightdownbelow,providingabundantsourcesofelectricity W1【09125日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)寫1題-綜合寫 他們，導(dǎo)致他們historicalrecord：早在人類來之前，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)島的自然，嘟嘟鳥已經(jīng)瀕危了ThedodobirdisanextinctspeciesnativetotheislandofMauritius.ThereadingpassageattributestheextinctionofthedodototheDutchsettlementontheisland.However,thelecturerejectsthisview.First,thereadingstatesthatthedodoisaflightlessandsodefenselessbird,buttheywereunafraidofhumans,makingiteasypreyfortheDutchsettlersontheisland.However,thelecturerarguesthattheDutchsettlersfoundthatthedodomeatwasunpleasanttoeat.Actually,theDutchcalledthedodo,intheirnativelanguage,thedisgustingbird.Second,thereadingclaimsthatwhentheDutchsettledontheisland,theyhaddestroyedthe,whichseverelyreducedtheterritoryinwhichdodoscouldliveandreproduce.Thelectureradmitsthattherewasdeationontheisland,buthearguesthatdeationdidnotcovertheentireisland.Healsopointstothefactthatmanyotherbirdspeciesdid eextinctbecauseofdeation.Finally,incontrasttothereading’sargumentthatadiseasebroughtbytheDutchmayhavekilledthedodos,theprofessorsaysthedodopopulationmayalreadyhavebeendeclining.Hethenblamestheextinctionofthedodoonnaturaldisasterssuchasmassivecyclonesthatdestroyedtheirnestsandeggs.

W1【10221日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)寫1題-綜合寫slowdowntheglobalwarming的速度ironfertilization是個(gè)辦法但是有很多問1carbondioxide2產(chǎn)生永久的影響，可能3破壞ecologicalbalanceofoceanLecture吸收二氧化碳的能力確實(shí)不行，但是到了第二個(gè)月第三個(gè)月就increase了。二、對于部分的區(qū)域可以停止施肥，會逐漸Thelecturerejectsviewspresentedinthereadingpassageregardingtheeffectivenessofironfertilization.Contrarytowhatthereadingsays,thelecturerarguesthatironfertilizationisapromisingsolutiontoglobalwarning.First,thereadingcriticizesthatironfertilizationisanineffectivesolutionbecauseexperimentsshowthatonlyasmallamountofcarbondioxidecanbeabsorbed.Yetthelecturerrejectsthiscriticism,arguingthatexperimentslasttooshort(onlyamonth)theeffectofironfertilizationtobevisible.IncreasedCO2absorptionwouldonlybesignificantinthe2ndor3rdmonth.Second,thereadingwarnsusthattoxicchemicalsreleasedintheprocessofironfertilizationwillharmlocalfisheryaswellashumanswhoeatcontaminatedfish.However,thelecturerarguesthatcontaminationislimitedwithincertainareasonly.Bypracticingironfertilizationinisolatedareasawayfromthefishpopulationwouldhelptoreducesuchrisk.Finally,regardingthereading’sworrythatironfertilizationmaycauseunpredictabledamagetoaregion’smarineeco-system,thelecturerarguesthatsuchriskisworthtakingbecauseironfertilizationaddressamoreimportantissue–globalwarming,whichcausesamuchhigherlevelofrisktotheoceanenvironmentacrosstheentireglobe.Soironfertilizationiscompleyjustifiable. W1【10626日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)寫1題-綜合寫1tube-like到meteoritegrains。ThereadingpassagepresentsthreepiecesofevidenceformicroscopiclifeinameteoritefromMars.However,thelecturerchallengesthisview,claimingthattheevidenceisFirst,microscopicimageofmeteoritefragmentsshowfossilsoftube-likeorganismswhichsuggeststhataprimitiveformoflifemayhaveexistedonMars.However,thelecturerarguesthatthesefossilsmayhaveappearedasaresultofchangesinthemeteoritesample’sshapeandcharacteristicfeatureasitwaspreparedformicroscopicSecond,achemicalcompoundfoundonthemeteoriteisverysimilartoachemicalcompoundonEarthcalledboron(硼),anecessaryingredientforlife.Weixin:mumutuofu.Yetthisviewiscontestedbythelecturer,whostatesthatthischemicalsubstancedoesnotnecessarilyoriginatefromMars.ThemeteoritecouldhavecontainedthischemicalduetoitsimpactwithEarthduringperiodofvolcanicactivity.Finally,grainsofmagnetitewerefoundonthemeteorite,resemblingthoseproducedbybacteriaonEarth（類細(xì)菌生命體所產(chǎn)生的磁鐵礦顆粒）,whichcanbetakenassignsofbiologicalactivityonMars.However,thelecturersaysthatcomparedwithEarth,themagneticfieldonMarsistooweak,soit’sunlikelythatthesegrainsofmagnetitewereusedbymicrobesonMarstofollowitsmagneticfields. 說事實(shí)上這些問題都有已經(jīng)找到了Thereadingpassagecriticizesfishfarmsforcausinganumberofproblemstothelocalenvironment.However,inthelecture,theprofessorarguesthatsolutionshavealreadybeenfoundtoaddresseachproblem.Thefirstproblemfishthatgrowinfishfarmsmayproducelargetiesofby-productsandwastesthatmaycontaminatethesurroundingwater.Inthelecturetheprofessorpointsoutthatakindofbacteria(marineanimal)hasbeenintroducedinfishfarmstoeffectivelybreakdown(eat)thewaste.Thesecondproblemisthatwhenthefishescapefromthefarmsandbreedwiththeirwildrelatives,theycouldproduceoffspringwithgeneticweaknessandlowviability.However,accordingtothelecture,domesticationhasmadefishinthefarmsgeneticallydifferent,andtheirreproductiveabilitymuchlowerthanthatofthewildfish,sosuccessfulbreadingfortheescapedfishinthewildishighlyunlikely.Thethirdproblemconcernstheoverconsumptionoffreshwaterresourcesinfishfarms.Toaddressthisproblem,thelecturesays,scientistshaveinventedawaterrecyclingsystem,inwhichwateriscontinuousfilteredandrecycledsotheamountofwaterneededtorunalarge-scalefishfarmisminimized.Furthermore,atypeofntcalled()canbegrowninsaltwatertohelpwiththecleaningprocess.:borrower沒有businessskill，做生意很容易失小額會increase銀行的administrationcost，是inefficient的如果把錢投入microcredit里面，就不能投到其它方面了:樣在相同的cost下幫助了貧困的人。由于提供小額的都是agencies，其實(shí)在這方面save了money，這樣Microcreditisaformoffinancialservicewhichprovidessmallloanstohelpthepoorstarttheirbusiness.Thereadingpassagepointstothreeinherentproblemswithmicrocredit.Thelecture,however,addresseseachofthesequestions.Thefirstproblemisthatreceiversofmicrocreditusuallydonotpossesstheknowledgeandskillsnecessarytorunabusiness,sotheirbusinessislikelytofail.However,accordingtothelecture,microcreditserviceismorethanjustprovidingloans.Borrowersarealsotaughtmanyusefulskillssuchashowtobudgetthebalanceandhowtolowertheircost.These,togetherwiththecredittheyaregiven,willhelpreceiverssuccessfullyruntheirbusiness.Thesecondproblemisthatmicrocreditwillincreasetheadministrativecostofthebank,andthereforeitisaninefficientpractice.Thelecturearguesthatthisisnotnecessarilythecase,sincethebankoftenlendsmicrocredittoasmallgroupof4to5peopleatatime,ratherthanjusttooneindividual,sotheadministrativecostinvolvedissignificantlyreduced,whichmeansmoreloanscanbeprovidedtoalargernumberofpeople.Finally,anotherproblemwithmicrocreditisthatittakesawaythevaluablefundswhich ernmentcouldhaveinvestedinmoreimportantareaslikeeducationandinfrastructure.Thelecture,however,contendsotherwise.Itexinsthatmicrocreditisoftenfinancedbynon- ernmentinstitutions.Soitdoesnotdecrease ernmentfund.Onthecontrary,withsmallbusinessesbeingfinancedbymicrocredit,the couldfocusitslimitedbudgeonfinancinglargerprojects,suchastheconstructionofbridgesandroads. 老的生物還是什么的碎片，然后它們可以datingbacktoXXX年以前，并且，250-million-old這么老。第二碎片只在那三個(gè)國家被發(fā)現(xiàn)過，如果沖擊力那W1【11年4月23日陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)綜合寫作本沒有這種龜?shù)牡胤饺?。繁育的龜不能適應(yīng)野外的環(huán)境。在中病了有人治，但野外沒人給它們治。還有就是這種龜可能會疾病給野生龜。如說在busyroad被汽車撞死。GophertortoisesarelistedasanendangeredspeciesintheUnitedStates.Thereadingpassageintroducesthreemeasuresthatareexptededtohelprestorethegophertortoisepopulation.However,thelecturerejectseachofthemeasuresasunlikelytosucceed.Thefirstmeasurementionedinthereadingistheconservationoflongleaf,avitalhabitatforgophertortoises.However,thelecturerarguesthattheabundanceoflongleafpinetreesmayactuallyhaveanegativeimpactontheecosystem,becausetheyblockthesunlightthatisnecessaryforthegrowthofatypeofgrassthatgophertortoisesdependon.Thesecondmeasureistobringyounggophertortoisestoresearchlaboratorieswheretheyarefedandtheirdiseaseiscured,beforereleasingthemtothewild.However,thelecturerconsidersthisasariskypracticebecausegophertortoisesbroughtupinlaboratoryenvironmentismoresusceptibletodiseaseswhentheyarereleasedintothewild,andthesediseasesmayspreadveryquicklyamongthetortoisepopulation.Thethirdmethodistotranslocategophertortoisestoothercarefullyselectedces.Thelecturerejectsthismeasureasevenmoredangerous.Gophertortoise,theprofessorargues,haveastronghominginstinctandwilltrytoreturntotheiroriginalhabitatnomatterwheretheyaretaken.Ontheirwayback,theymayrunintoaseriesofrisks,likebeingrunoverbyacarwhiletheytrytocrossabusyroad. W1【11514日大陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)寫1題-綜合寫作】綜合寫作passage講了三種可能的理論來解釋一次物種大，1.sealeveldeclinelisteningprofessor進(jìn)行一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)的否決：1.她說sealevel在那個(gè)時(shí)候是fluctuategraduatecoastliving造不成影響因?yàn)樗鼈兡苓m應(yīng)環(huán)境的降到地面上。3.asteroid撞擊地球是在12millionyearThereadingpassagepresentthreetheoriesaslikelyexnationsforthefirstmassextinctionofspeciesonEarth,whilethelecturerejectsthesetheoriesasunfounded.Thefirsttheoryisthatdecliningsealevelscausedtheextinctionofcoastallivingandeventuallymassextinctionofallspecies.However,thelecturersuggeststhatthesealevelflucuationwasagradualprocess,socoastallivesshouldbeabletoadapttosuchchange.Thistheory,therefore,isnotvalidbecauseitdoesnotexinwhythemassextinctionwassorapid.Thesecondtheoryattributesthemassextinctiontovolcanicactivitieswhichproduceexcessiveamountofsulfurdioxide(SO2)inEarth’satmosphereandsubsequentlyinitiatedadropinglobaltemperature.YetthelecturerarguesthattheincreaseinSO2levelswasnotsosignificant,andthatanyincreasedamontwouldeventuallyfallbacktothegroundintheformofacidrain.Thethirdtheorylinksthemassextinctiontoanasteroidimpact.Agiantcraterwasformedandthedustanddebrisfromsuchimpactblockedthesunlight,causingntsandanimalstodieout.However,thelecturerpointsoutthatapossibleasteroidimpactwasrecordedaround12millionyearsago,whichcametooearlytohavebeenthecauseof陸托陸托福機(jī)W1【11529論述mining的法制問volcanicminingmetal不一availablecollectandtransportation技術(shù)都不好對公海有效，對coast無效吧。Thereadingpassagesupportsdeep-seaminingformineralsnearvolcanicventswhilethelectureraisesdoubtsaboutsuchpractice.Thespeakerarguesthatthebenefitsmentionedinthereadingoverlookseveralimportantconcerns.First,thereadingpassagestatesthatthereareabundantmineralresourcesthatcouldbeexploitednearvolcanicvents.However,thelecturersaysthatthesemineralsmaynotbeeasilyavailablebecausecurrentlythetechnologyneededforseparatingandtransportingthemineralsisnotsufficientlydeveloped.Second,accordingtothereadingpassage,deep-seaminingisenvironmentallysafebecausetheminingsiteisconsiderablyfarawayfromtheshore.Yetthelecturerarguesthatcontaminationcouldspreadoveralargeareaoftheoceanbecausecontaminatingmineralscoulddriftalongway.Someofthecontaminantsmayevenmovebacktothevolcanicvent,endangeringtheanimalspeciesthatinhabitthere.Finally,thereadingpassagementionsthatinternationallawsandagenciescanhelptoensurethesaferunningofminingfacilitiesandpreventaccidents,towhichthelecturerexpressedhisdoubts.Hepointsoutthatmanydeep-seaminingfacilitatesareoperatedoffthecoastthatbelongstoaparticularcountry,inwhichcaseinternationallawsandagenciesarenotapplicablebecausetheyonly erninternationalseawaters.W1【11年6月19日陸托福機(jī)經(jīng)綜合寫作的時(shí)候根本不想白天發(fā)生的事情。2.不只是睡眠才能夠能量，簡簡單單休息一下但是醒著的也可以能量。3.排毒這個(gè)說法太特殊了，是特例，不具有普且只排一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，還不是全部。這個(gè)例子太，專家根本就不能根據(jù)這種特例來下結(jié)論，所以排毒這個(gè)功能也是不對的。Thelectureandthereadingpassagebothaddressthequestionwhyhumansneedsleep.Thereadingproposesthreetheoriestoexinthepurposeofsleep,butthelecturethrowsdoubtsoneachofthem.T