美國文學(xué)練習(xí)冊大題

美國文學(xué)練習(xí)冊大題

RomanticPeroid

TimegrewworseandworsewithRipVanwinkleasyearsofmatrimonyrolledon:atarttempernevermellowswithage,andasharptongueistheonlyedgetoolthatgrowskeenerbyconstantuse.Foralongwhileheusedtoconsolehimself,whendrivenfromhome,byfrequentingakindofperpetualclubofthesages,philosophers,andotheridlepersonagesofthevillage.

Identifytheauthorandthetitleofthework..

What’sthemeaningofthispassage?

WashingtonIrving:RipVanWinkle

Withhiswifesdominanceathome,thesituationbecameharderandharderforRipVanWinkle.Hiswifestemperbecameworseandshescoldedhimmorofthen.Hehadtostayintheclubwithotheridlepeople.

Alimeinlongarraywhertheywindbetwixtgreenislands,Theytakeaserpentinecourse,theirarmsflash

inthesun-harktothemusicalclank,Beholdthesilveryriver,initthesplashinghorsesliterngstoptodrinkBeholdthebrown-facedmen,eachgroup,eachperson,apicture,thenegligentrestonthesaddles,Someemergeontheoppositebank,othersarejustenteringtheford-while Scarletandbluesnowywhite,the

guidonflagsfluttergaylyinthewind.

Whoistheauthorofthispoem?

Whatistheessenceofthispoem?

Whatistheuniquecharacterinthispoem?

WaltWhitman

ItremindsitsreaderofapictureofasceneoftheAmericanCivilWar.

①Allthemovementsdescribedinthispicturearefrozen.

②Whilesoundsaredepicted,itsmorelikelythattheycomeoutofthewatchersimagination,ratherthanfromthepictureitself.

Mytongue,evryatomofmyblood,form’dfromthissoil,thisair,Bornhereofarentsbornherefromparentsthesame,andtheirparentsthesame,I,nowthirty-sevenyearsoldinperecthealthbegin,Hopingtoceasenottilldeath.

Namethetitlethatthepoemhadusedwhenpublished.

Whatdoes”soil”or"air”standfor?

Whatideadotheabovefourlines?

“SongofMyself”””PoemofWaltWhitman”,””anAmerican”and“WaltWhitman”

America,hiscountry,hisnativeland

TheauthorimpliedthatIwasbornandnurturedbythislandandshallfromnowondevotemywholelifetothecountry

QuestionsandAnsers.

Emersonisgenerallyknownasanessayist.What’sthestyleofhisproses?

Emerson?sessaysoftenhaveacasualstyle,formostofthemwerederivedfromhisjournalsoflectures.

Theyareusuallycharacterizedbyaseriesofshort,declarativesentences,whicharenotquitelogicallyconnectedbutwillfloweroutintoillustrativestatementsoftruthandthoughts.Emersonsphilosophicaldiscussionissometimesdifficulttounderstandbuttheusescomparisonsandmetaphorstomakethegeneralideaofhisworkclearlyexpressed.

Well-readintheclassicsofWesternEuropeanliterature,Emersonoftenemployedtheseliterarysourcestomakeandenrichhisownpointsbutneverletthemtakethefullreinsofhisdiscussion.Ingeneral,EmersonwasshowingtotheworldadistinctiveAmericanstyle,ashecalledforinTheAmericanScholarin1837.

WhyisHawthorneregardedamasterofsymbolism?

Hawthorneisamasterofsymbolism,whichthetookfromthePuritantraditionandbequeathedtoamericanliteratureinarevivifiedform.thesymbolcanbefoundeverywhereinhisworks.Theletter”A“in“TheScarletLetter”isagoodexample.

Disscussion

GiveabriefanalysisofthethemeandtheartisticfeaturesofHermanMelville’s"Moby-dick”

“MobyDick”,thefirstAmericanproseepic,isaboutAhab,amanwithanobssessiontokillthewhalewhichhascrippedhim,onboardhisshipinchaseofthebigwhale,butitturnedouttobeasymbolicvoyageofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeoftheuniverse,aspiritualexplorationintoman,deeprealityandpsychology.Symbolismistheimportantmeansforthetheme.Besides,Melville'sgiftsoflanguage,invention,psychologicalanalysis,speculativeagilityandnarrativepowerarefusedtomakethenovelaworldclassic.

IVWhitmanisagiantofAmericanLettrs.DiscussWhitman7sartofpoem,thelanguage,thecharacters,etc.Whitman'spoeticstyleismarkedbytheseofthepoetic"I”.

Whatheprefersforhisnewsubjectandnewpoeticfeelingsis“freeverse",thatis,poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme.

Whitman'spoetryisrelativelysimpleandevenrathercrude.

Mostofthepictureshepaintedwithwordsarehonest,undistortedimagesofdiffeentaspectsofAmericaoftheday.

Realisticperoid

theEyesaround-hadwrungthendry-AndBreathsweregatheringfirmForthatlastOnset-whenthekingBewitnessed-intheRoom-

Whatisthemeaningofthefirstline?

B.Whatdoes”thekingreferto?

c.Whatideadoesthepoemfromwhichthisstanzaistakenexpress?”

A.therelativesandfriendshadcriedandcriedsothattherewerenotearsanymore.

“Theking”referstotheGodofdeath.

Thepoemexpressesthattheauthorevenimaginedherowndeath,thelossofherownbody,andthejourneyofhersouldtotheunknown

ThisismylettertotheWorld/ThatneverwrotetoMe-/ThesimpleNewsthatNaturetold_/WithtenderMajesty.

Whoistheauthorofthestanza?

Whichperioddoesthepoembelongto?C.Whatideadoesthepoemexpress?

A.EmilyDickinson

b.TheRealisticPeriod.

ThepoemexpressesDickinson'sanxietyabouthercommunicationwiththeoutsideworld.

3.SoIwasfulloftrouble,fullasIcouldbe;anddidntknowwhattodo.AtlastIhadanidea,andIsays.I'llgoandwritetheletter-andthenseeifIcanpray.Why,itwasastonishing,thewayIfeltaslightasafeather,rightstraightoff,andmytroublesallgone.SoIgotapieceofpaperandapencil,allgladandexcited,andsetdownandwrote:

AWhodoes"I"referto?

B.ExplainwhyIwasfulloftroublefirst,thenmytroublesallgone.

c.Useasentencetosummarizetheimageof"I”

A.Huckleberry,theprotagonistofthenovel''AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn”

b.FirstHuckcouldn'tdecidewhetherornotheshouldwritealettertotellMissWatsonwhereJimis,thehehadanideaandwroteanappropriateletter.

Questions:

WhatarethecharacteristicsofAmericannaturalism?Pleassediscusstheabovequestioninrelationtobasicprinciplesoflitrarynaturalism.

A.ThemostfamiliarthemesinAmericannaturalismisthethemeofhumanbestiality,especiallyasanexplanationofsexualdesire.

Artisticallynaturalisticwritingsareusuallyunpolishedinlanguage,laskinginacademicskillsandunwieldyinstructure.

Philosophically,thenaturalistsbelievethattherealandtrueisalwayspartiallyhiddenfromtheeyesoftheindividual,orbeyondhiscontrol.

Theauthor'stoneinwritingbecomeslessseriousandlesssymatheticbutmorironicandmorepessimistic.

WhatisthethemeofHenryJames7novelDaisyMiller?

DaisyMillerembodiesthespiritoftheNewWorld,butherinnocence,anadmiringbutdangerousquality,andherdefianceofsocialtaboosintheOldWorldbringshertoadisasterintheclashbetweentwodifferentcultures.

Discussion.

“SisterCarrie”isthegreatestliteraryworkbyTheodoreDreiser.DiscussCarrieMeeber,theprotagonistofthenovel.

Socialbackground:TheimpactofDarwin'sevolutionarytheoryontheAmericanthoughtandtheinfluenceofthe19thcenturyfrenchliteratureontheAmericanmenoflettersgaverisetoyetanotherschoolofrealism:Americannaturalism.

SisterCarriebestembodiesDreiser'snaturalisticbeliefthatwhilemenarecontrolledandconditionedbyheedity,instinctandchance,afewupsophiticatedhumanbeingsrefusetoaccepttheirfateandtrytofindmeaningandpurposefortheirexistence.carrie,asoneofsuch,sensesthatsheismerelyacipherinannearingworldyetseekstograspthemysteriesoflifeandthere-bysatisfiesforsocialstatusandmaterialcomfort.

HenryJamesisgenerallyregardedastheforerunnerofthe20thecentury"streamofconsciousness"novelsandthefounderofpsychologicalrealism.Basedonhiswork”DaisyMiller”,brieflydiscusshowheachievedthisglory.

James'sfamegenerallyrestsuponhisnovelsandsorieswiththeinternationaltheme.

HenryJames'literarycriticismisanindispensablepartofhiscontributiontoliterature.Itisbothconcernedwithformanddevotedtohumanvalues.

c.James'emphasisonpsychologyandonthehumanconsciousnessprovestobeabigbreakthroughinnovelwritingandhasgreatinfluenceonthecominggenerations.

HenryJamesisnotonlyoneofthemostimportantrealistsoftheperiodbeforetheFirstWorldWar,butalsothemostexpertstylistonhistime.

ModernPeriod

Theapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd;/Petalsonawet,blackbough.”

Fromwhichpoemdoesthestanzacome?Whoistheauthor?

Whatdoesthe“petals”mean?

InaStationoftheMetro,EzraPound

Here“patals”standsfor“humanfaces”

HepulledbacktheblanketfromtheIndian'shead.Hishandcameawaywet.Hemountedontheedgeofthelowerbunkwiththelaminonehandandlookedn.TheIndianlaywithhisfacetowardthewall.Histhroathadbeencutfromeartoear.Thebloodhadfloweddownintoapoolwherehisbodysaggedthebunk.Hisheadrestedonhisleftarm.Theopenrazorlay,edgeup,intheblankets.

Identifythewritingandthewriter.

Whatdoesthe“wherehisbodysaggedthebunk”mean?

IndianCamp,ErnestHemingway

Itmeansthebunksankdownundertheweightofhisbody.

3.IshallbetellingthiswithasignSomewhereagesandageshence:TworoadsdivergedinawoodandI-1tooktheonelesstraveledby/Andthathasmadeallthedifference

Whoistheauthorofthispoem?

Identifythetitleoftheshortpoemfromwhichthispartistaken?

Inoneortwosentences,interprettheimpliedmeaningofthelastwolines.

RobertLeeFrost

TheRoadNotTaken

Confrontedthedillema,Imadeachoiceand“tooktheonelesstraveledby.Asaresult,allthedifferenceshavebeenmade.

Questions

Comparedwithearlierwritings,especiallythoseofthe19thcentury,whatarethecharacteristicsofmodernAmericanwritings?

Atypicalmodernworkwillseemtobeginarbitrarily,toadvancewithoutexplanation,andtoendwithoutresolution.

B.Thebookisnolongerarecordofsequenceandcoherencebutajuxtapositionofthepastandthepresent,ofthehistoryandthememory.

c.thereareshiftsinperspective,voice,andtone,butthebiggestshiftisfromtheexternaltotheinternal,fromthepublictotheprivate,fromthechronologicaltothepsychic,fromtheobjectivedescriptiontothesubjectiveprojection.

Thetraditionaleducatedliteraryvoice,conveyingtruthandculture,haslostitsauthoritytoamoredetachedandironictone.

Vignettesofcontemporarylife,dreamimageryandsymbolismdrawnfromtheauthors9privaterepertoryoflifeexperiencsarealsoimportant.

WhatistherelationshipbetweenWilliamFaulknerandAmericanSouthLiterature?

MostofFulkner'sworksaresetintheAmericanSouth.

HeemphasizestheSouthernsubjectsandconsciousnessinhisworks.

Hisworkshavemanagedsuccessfullytoshowapanoramaoftheexperienceandconsciousnessofthewholesouthernsociety.

Whatis“TheLostGeneration”？

WhentheFirstWorldWarbrokeout,manyyoungmenvolunteeredtotakepartin “thewartoend

wars”onlytofindthatmodernwarfarewasnotasgloriousorheroicastheythoughtittobe.Disillusionedanddisgustedbythefrivolous,greedy,andheedlesswayoflifeinAmerica,theybegantowriteandtheywrotefromtheirownexperienceinthewar.SmongtheseyoungwriterswerethemostprominentfiguresinAmericanliterature,especiallyinmodernAmericanliterature,TheywerebasicallyexpatriateswholeftAmericaandformedacommunityofwritersandartistsinParis,involvedwithotherEuropeannovelistsandpoetsintheirexperimentationonnewmodesofthoughtandexpression.

HowdoyouunderstandHemingway’s''IcebergPrinciple”accordingtohisworks?

Hemingwayoncesaid,"Thedignityofmovementofanyicebergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater."

AccordingtoHemingway,goodliterarywritingshouldbeabletomakereadersfeeltheemotionofthecharactersdirectlyandthebestwaytoproducetheefectistosetdownexactlyeveryparticularkindoffeelingwithoutanyauthoralcomments,withoutconventionallyemotionlanguage,andwithabareminimumofadjectivesandadverbs.

Discussion:

Basedon“TheGreatGatsb