職稱英語(yǔ)閱讀

TheySayIreland'stheBest

Irelandisthebestplaceintheworldlolivefor2005.accordingtoalifequalityrankingthatappearedinBritain.sEconomistmagazine

lastweek.

TheambitiousattempttocomparehappinesslevelsaroundtheWorldisbasedo!3theprinciplethatwealthisnottheonlymeasureof

humansatisfactionandwell-being.

Theindexof111countriesusesdataonincomes,health,unemployment,climate,politicalstability,jobsecurity,genderequalityaswell

aswhatthemagazinecalls"freedom,familyandcommunitylife".

Despitethebadweather,troubledhealthservice.trafficcongestion（擁擠）,genderinequality,andthehighcostofliving.Irelandscored

animpressive8.33pointsoutof10.

Thatputitwellaheadofsecond-placeSwitzerland,whichmanaged8.07.Zimbabwe,troubledbypoliticalinsecurityandhunger,is

ratedthegloomiest（最差的）,pickinguponly3.89points.

*'Althoughrisingincomesandincreasedindividualchoicesarehighlyvalued,°thereportsaid,"someofthefactorsassociatedwith

modernizationsuchasthebreakdown（崩潰）intraditionalinstitutionsandfamilyvaluesinparttakeawayfromapositiveimpact.1'

"Irelandwinsbecauseitsuccessfullycombinesthemostdesirableelementsofthenewwiththepreservationofcertainwarmelements

oftheold,suchasstablefamilyandcommunitylife.'1

Themagazineadmittedmeasuringqualityoflifeisnotastraightforwardthingtodo,andthatitsfindingswouldhavetheircritics.

N0.2onthelistisSwitzerland.Theothernationsinthetop10areNorway,Luxembourg,Sweden,Australia,Iceland,Italy,Denmark

andSpain.

TheUKisportionedatN0.29,amuchlowerpositionchieflybecauseofthesocialandfamilybreakdownrecordedinofficialstatistics.

TheUS,whichhasthesecondhighestpercapitaGDP（人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值）afterLuxembourg,tookthe13thplaceinthesurvey.China

wasinthelowerhaftoftheleagueat60th.

16For2,005years,Irelandhasbeenthebestplaceforhumanstolivein.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Jobsecurityistheleastimportantmeasureoflifequality.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18CostoflivinginIrelandisprettyhigh.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19FamilylifeinZimbabweisnotstable.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20IrelandispositionedatNO.1becauseitcombinesthemostdesirableelementsofthenewwithsomegoodelementsoftheold.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21Tomeasurelifequalityiseasy.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22TheUnitedStatesofAmericaisamongthetop10countries.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

參考答案：16.B17.C18.A19.C20.A21.B22.B

Norwich

Norwich,thecapitalofthepartofBritainknownasEastAnglia,hasbeeninexistenceformorethantwothousandyears.Itbeganasa

smallvillagebesidetheRiverWensum.AtthetimeoftheNormaninvasionin1066ithadgrowntobecomeoneofthelargesttownsin

England.

Withtwocathedralsandamosque（清真寺）,Norwichhaslongbeenapopularcentreforvariousreligions.Thefirstcathedralwas

builtin1095andhasrecentlycelebratedits900thanniversary,whileNorwichitselfhadayearofcelebrationin1994tomarkthe800th

anniversaryofthecityreceivingaRoyalCharter.Thisallowedittobecalledacityandtogovernitselfindependently.

Today,incomparisonwithplaceslikeLondonorManchester,Norwichisquitesmall,withapopulationofaround150,000,butinthe

16thcenturyNorwichwasthesecondlargestcityofEngland.Itcontinuedtogrowforthenext300yearsandgotricherandricher,

becomingfamousforhavingasmanychurchesasthereareweeksintheyearandasmanypubsastherearedaysintheyear.

Nowadays,therearefarfewerchurchesandpubs,butin1964theUniversityofEastAngliawasbuiltinNorwich.Withitsfast-growing

studentpopulationanditssuccessasamoderncommercialcentre（Norwichisthebiggestcentreforinsuranceservicesoutside

London）,thecitynowhasawidechoiceofentertainment:theatres,cinemas,nightclubs,busycafes,excellentrestaurants,anda

numberofartsandleisurecentres.Thereisalsoafootballteam,whosecoloursaregreenandyellow.Theteamisknownas"The

Canaries（金絲雀）",thoughnobodycanbesurewhy.

Nowthecity*sattractionsincludeanotherimportantdevelopment,amodernshoppingcentrecalledTheCastleMall'.Thepeopleof

Norwichlivedwithaverylargeholeinthemiddleoftheircityforovertwoyears,asbuildersdugupthemaincarpark.Lorriesmoved

nearlyamilliontonsofearthsothattheroofoftheMallcouldbecomeacitycentrepark,withattractivewaterpoolsandhundredsof

trees.Butthelocalpeoplearereallypleasedthattheoldopenmarketremains,rightintheheartofthecityandnexttothenew

development.Bothareascontinuetodogoodbusiness,provingthatNorwichhasmanagedtomixthebestoftheoldandthenew.

16TheRiverWensumflowsbyNorwich

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17PeoplehavelivedbytheRiverWensumforatleast2,000years

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Norwichhasbeenacitysinceitsfirstcathedralwasbuilt

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19NorwichhasalwaysbeenoneofthesmallestEnglishcities

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20ThenumberofforeignstudentsinNorwichhasbeenincreasingsince1964.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21Thefootballteamiscalled"TheCanaries"becauseofthecolourstheplayerswear.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Ittookmorethantwoyearstobuild"TheCastleMall"

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

參考答案：16,A17.A18.B19.B20.C21.B22.A

FairyTalesforAlltheWorld

Thisyear,theworldismarkingthe200manniversaryofDanishauthorHansChristianAndersenwithawiderangeofevents.

Andersen*staleshaveattractedmillionsofreadersformorethanacentury.Theycontinuetobeamongthebest-knownworksofworld

literature."TheUglyDuckling（小鴨）"and"TheLittleMermaid（美人魚）"areamongthemostfamous.

HewasbomonApril2,1805,intheslumsofOdense,Denmark.Hisfatherwasashoemakerandhismotherworkedasa

washer-woman.Andersenreceivedverylittleeducation,buthisfascinationwithfairytalesinspiredhimtocomposehisownstoriesand

aiTangepuppet（木偶）shows.

Hisfatherdiedwhenhewas11.Hewasforcedtogotowork,firstasanapprenticetoaweaverandtailorandtheninatobaccofactory.

Attheageof14,hemovedtoCopenhagentotryacareerasasinger,dancerandactor.Hesanginaboy'schoir（合唱團(tuán)）,buthemade

verylittlemoney.Healsotriedtheballet,buthisawkwardnessmadethisimpossible.

Finally,whenhewas17,JonasCollin,adirectoroftheRoyalTheatreinCopenhagendiscoveredAndersen.AfterhearingAndersen

readaplay,Collinrealizedthathehadtalent.AndhegotmoneyfromthekingforAndersen'seducation.

In1828,AndersenpassedtheentranceexaminationstotheuniversityinCopenhagen.Hiswritingswerefirstpublishedin1829.In

1833,hereceivedgrantmoneyfortravel,whichheusedtovisitGermany,France,Switzerland,andItaly.Thesejourneyswererecorded

inhistravelogues（旅行見聞）.In1835,Andersenpublished"FairyTalesforChildren,1'whichcontainedfourshortstories.He

eventuallywrotearound168fairytales.Theyachievedsuccessinhislife-timeandwerewidelypublishedandtranslated.

Unhappinessalsofounditswayintomanyofhistaleswhichwerenotmeantmerelyforchildrenbutforadultsaswell.Heusedvery

simplelanguageandstyletodisguisethemoralteachingsofhistales.

Andersenalsowrotenovels,playsandpoems.HediedathishomeinRolighedonAugust4,1875.

16AndersendiedonApril4,1875.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17ChinesechildrenareparticularlyfondofAndersen'stales.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Andersenwasnotagoodballetdancer.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19CollinmanagedtogetmoneyforAndersentoreceivemoreeducation.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20Andersen'sfairytalesdidn'tachievesuccessuntilafterhedied.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21Andersen'stalesnotonlytellstoriesbutalsoteachmorallessons.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Andersen'snovels,playsandpoemsarenotwell-known.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

參考答案：16.B17.C18.A19.A20.B21.A22.C

PlantsinDesert

Onlyspecialplantscansurvivetheterribleclimateofadesert,fortheseareregionswheretheannualrangeofthesoiltemperaturecan

beover75℃.Furthermore,duringthesummertherearefewcloudsintheskytoprotectplantsfromthesun'sray.Anotherproblemis

thefactthattherearefrequentlystrongwindswhichdrivesmall,sharpparticlesofsandintotheplants,tearinganddamagingthem.

Themostdifficultproblemforallformsofplantlife,however,isthefactthattheentireannualrainfalloccursduringafewdaysor

weeksinspring.

Grassesandflowersindesertsurvivefromoneyeartothenextbyexistingthroughthelong,hot,dryseasonintheformofseeds.

Theseseedsremaininactiveunlesstherightamountofrainfalls.Ifnorainfalls,orifinsufficientrainfalls,theywaituntilthenext

year,orevenstillthenext.Anotherfactorthathelpstheseplantstosurviveisthefactthattheirlifecyclesareshort.Bythetimethat

thewaterfromthespringrainsdisappears------justafewweeksafteritfalls------suchplantsnolongerneedany.

Theperennialshavespecialfeatureswhichenablethemtosurviveasplantsforseveralyears.Thus,nearlyalldesertperennialshave

extensiverootsystemsbelowgroundandasmallshootsystemaboveground.Thelargerootnetworkenablestheplanttoabsorbas

muchwateraspossibleinashorttime.Thesmallshootsystem,ontheotherhand,considerablylimitswaterlossbyevaporation.

Anotherfeatureofmanydesertperennialsisthataftertherainyseasontheylosetheirleavesinpreparationforthelong,dryseason,

justastreesinwetterclimateslosetheirsinpreparationforthewinter.Thisreducestheirwaterlossbyevaporationduringthedry

season.Then,innextrainyseason,theycomefullyaliveoncemore,andgrownewbranches,leavesandflowers,justasthe

grassesandflowersindesertdo.

16.Ordinaryplantsareunabletosurviveinthedesertmainlybecauseofthechangeableweather.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17.Grassesandflowersindesertareabletosurvivebecausetheystayintheformofseedstowaitfortherightamountofwaterto

come.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18.Grassesandflowersinthedesertwhoselifecyclesareshortshowstheirabilitytoadapttothequickdisappearanceofrainwater

thereafteritfallsinspring.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19.Winteristhetoughestseasonforgrassesandflowerstosurviveindesert

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20.Theshootsystemofperennialscanhelptheplantsabsorblessofthesun'sray.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21.Thethemeofthesecondlastparagraphiswhytheperennialscansurviveasplantsforseveralyears.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22.Desertperennialslosetheirleavesaftertherainyseasonjustastreeslosetheirsinwetterclimatesbeforewinterarrives,butthe

reasonsforthisfeatureare

different.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

參考答案：16.B17.A18.A19.C20.B21.A22.B

MotionSickness

Livinginspacelookslikelotsoffun.Youcandocertainthingsinspace(likefloatingaround,orpushinghugeobjects)thatyoucannot

doonearth.Butbeinginspacecandothingstoyou,too.Ifyoustaytoolonginagravity-freeenvironment,yourbonescouldbecome

weak,andasmallspaceshipjustmightannoyyouafterawhile,becausespacetravelcouldmakeyouseasick!

OnJuly4,1982,aftersevendaysorbitingtheearth,astronautsThomasK.MattinglyandHenryW.Hartsfieldreturnedhome.Although

notalloftheexperimentsonboardworkedproperly,theflightbasicallyseemedtobeasuccessexceptforone''little"thing:earlyinthe

flight,astronautHartsfieldbecame“seasick".

ThomasMattingly,whoisalsoajetpilotandishighlyresistanttomotionsicknessonearth,didmuchbetter.Mattinglysailedthrough

spacewithasteadystomach.ButnooneknowswhyHartsfieldfeltuneasyandMattinglydidnot.

Sofaritseemsthereisnoreliablewaytopredictwhowillbecomemotionsickinouterspaceandwhowillnot.inall,atleastfour

astronautshavesufferedfromspacemotionsickness.RussianandAmericanscientistsareworkingtogethertotrytounderstandand

solvethemotionsickness.Spaceprogramofficialswonythatifsomanyhighly-trainedpilotsgetsickinspace,whatwillhappenwhen

civiliansstartflyingintheshuttle?

Motionsicknessisadisagreeablefeelingthatcomesfromthepitching,rolling,swaying,orjustthemovingoftheobjectyouareriding

inoron.Symptomsofmotionsicknessinclude:dizziness,headache,asinkingfeelinginthestomach,andvomiting.

Whydoesmotionmakesomepeopleill?

Doctorsbelievethatmotionsicknessiscausedbyadisturbanceintheinnerear.Ourearsdomorethangiveushearing.Apartofthe

earsgivesusasenseofbalanceandhelpsmakeusawareofwhetherwearerightsideuporupsidedown.

Ifyouknowthatyougetcarsickorseasick,whatcanyoudo?

Speaktoyourdoctor.Therearecertainmedicinesavailablethatcanhelpstopthatuneasyfeeling.Butmanyofthemcanalsomakeyou

sleepy.Usuallytheyworkbesttakenbeforeyoubeginfeelingill.

Somepeoplealsorecommendwater,icecubes,mints,orplaintoast.Buttheseremediesdonotalwaysworkforeveryone.

Perhaps,sincemotionsicknessissuchabigprobleminouterspace,researchersmaysoonfindawaytocuretheastronauts-andthose

ofuswhostayonearth.

16Floatinginspacefortoolongatimemayalsodoharmtoone'slungsandheart.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Attheendoftheflight,Hartsfieldbecame"seasick11.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18MattinglywasmuchthinnerthanHartsfield.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19RussianandAmericanscientistsareworkingtogethertosolvetheproblemofmotionsicknessinastronauts.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20Untrainedciviliansaremorelikelytosufferfrommotionsicknessinaspacecraft

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21Themotionsicknesssomeastronautssufferedfromduringspacetravelhadbeencausedbythedefectivedigestivesystem.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Peoplesufferingfrommotionsicknessduringspacetravelcanalleviateitssymptomsbyeatingordrinkingsomething.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

參考答案：I6.C17.B18.C19.A20.A21.B22.C

MotherNatureShowsHerStrength

Tornadoes（龍卷風(fēng)）andheavythunderstormsmovedacrosstheGreatLakesandintoTrumbullCountyonSaturdayevening.：The

stormsweredramaticanddangerous.

GeorgeSnyderwasdrivingthefiretruckdownRoute88whenhefirstnoticedthatafunnel（漏31狀的）cloudwasbehindhim."I

stoppedthetruckandwatchedthefunnelcloud.ltwasabout100feetoffthegroundandIsawitgoupanddownforawhile.ltwas

movingtowardBradleyRoadandthensuddenlyitdisappeared."Snydersaid.

SnyderonlysawoneofthefunnelcloudsthatpassedthroughnortheasternOhioonSaturday.InTrumbullCounty,atornadoturned

treesontotheirsides.SometreesfeelontohousesandCars.Othertreesfellintotelephoneandelectricalwiresastheywentdown.

AmandaSymcheckwashavingapartywhenthestormbegan.4tIknewsomethingwaswrong,“shesaid.'Tsawtheskygogreenand

pink（粉紅色）.Thenitsoundedlikeatrainrushingtowardthehouse.Istartedcryingandtoldeveryonetogotothebasementfor

protection.^^

Thetornadocausedalotofdamagetocarsandhousesinthearea.ltwilltakealongtimeandmuchmoneytorepaireverything.There

wasalsoseriouswaterdamagefromthethunderstorms.Theheavyrainsandhighwindcausedthepowertogooutinmanyhomes.

Thestormscausedseriousfloodinginareasneartheriver.MorethanfourinchesofrainfellinpartsofTrumbullCounty.Theriverwas

sohightthatthewaterranintostreetsandhouses.ManystreetshadtobeclosedtoCarsandtrucksbecauseofthehighwater.'Thismade

itdifficultforfiretrucks.policecars,andotherrescuevehiclestohelppeoplewhowereintrouble.

Manypeoplewholiveneartheriverhadtoleavetheirhomesfortheirownsafety.Somepeoplereportedfivefeetofwaterintheir

homes.Localandstateofficialsopenedemergencysheltersforthepeoplewhowereevacuated（撤走）.TheRedCrossservedmealsto

them.

“Thiswasareallyintensestormo“saidSnyder.PeoplewereafraidoMotherNaturecallbefierce.Wewereluckythistime.Noonewas

killed/5

16TheweatherwasniceinTrumbullCountyonSaturdayevening.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17GeorgeSnyderwasafirefighter.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18AmandaSymcheckwashavingapartyinthebasementwhenthestormbegan.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Powersupplysystemwasnotdamagedduringthestoma.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20TherehadnotbeensuchaseverestorminTrumbullCountyforahundredyears.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21Rescuevehicleshadahardtimegettingtopeople.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Severalpeopleweremissingduringthestorm.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

答案解析

16.答案為Bo本題的意思是：星期六傍晚，Trumbull縣天氣很好。本題句意思與原文相反。原文第一段上來就講到當(dāng)時(shí)龍卷

風(fēng)和暴風(fēng)雨滾滾而來。

17.答案為A。本題的意思是:GeorgeSnyder是一位消防員。原文雖然沒有直說他是干什么的，但提到他正開著消防車(firetruck),

由此可以推斷他是消防員。

18.答案為B。本題可譯為：暴風(fēng)雨來臨時(shí)AmandaSymcheck與別人正在地下室里聚會(huì)。原文是說他們正在聚會(huì)，但沒說在地

下室里聚會(huì)。而是說暴風(fēng)雨來臨后，他們跑到地下室里躲臧。

19.答案為B。本題可譯為：暴風(fēng)雨中供電系統(tǒng)沒遭到破壞。第五段最后一句說大風(fēng)和暴雨使一些家庭的供電出現(xiàn)了問題，與

題項(xiàng)矛盾，故選B。

20.答案為C。本題可譯為：一百年來，Trumbull還沒有遇到過這么大的暴風(fēng)雨呢。此句的意思文章中根本沒有提到，故選C。

21.答案為A。本題的意思是：救援車輛費(fèi)了很大勁才把人救出來。此句的意思在倒數(shù)第三段最后一句提到了，故選A。

22.答案為C。本題可譯為：暴風(fēng)雨中有幾個(gè)人失蹤了。此句的意思文章中沒有提到，故選C。

SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthers

Low—saltfoodsmaybeharderforsomepeopletolikethanothers,accordingtoastudybyaPennStateCollegeofAgricultural

Sciences!foodscientist.Theresearchindicatesthatgeneticfactorsinfluencesomeofthedifferenceinthelevelsofsaltweliketoeat.

Thoseconclusionsareimportantbecauserecent,well—publicizedeffortstoreducethesaltcontentinfood2haveleftmanypeople

strugglingtoacceptfarethatsimplydoesnottasteasgoodtothemasitdoestoothers3,pointedoutJohnHayes,assistantprofessorof

foodscience,whowasleadinvestigator4Onthestudy.

DietshighinsaltCanincreasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandstroke.Thatiswhypublichealthexpertsandfoodcompaniesare

workingtogetheronwaystohelpconsumerslowersaltintakethroughfoodsthatareenjoyabletoeat.Thisstudyincreases

understandingofsaltpreferenceandconsumption.

Theresearchinvolved87carefullyscreenedparticipantswhosampledsaltyfoodssuchassoupandchips,onmultipleoccasions,

spreadoutoverweeks5.Testsubjectswere45menand42women,reportedlyhealthy,ranginginagefrom20to40years.Thesample

wascomposedofindividualswhowerenotactivelymodifyingtheirdietaryintakeanddidnotsmokecigarettes.Theyratedthe

intensityoftasteonacommonlyusedscientificscale,rangingfrombarelydetectabletostrongestsensationofanykind.

“Mostofuslikethetasteofsalt.However,someindividualseatmoresalt,bothbecausetheylikethetasteofsaltinessmore,andalso

becauseitisneededtoblockotherunpleasanttastesinfood,“saidHayes.uSupertasters,peoplewhoexperiencetastesmoreintensely,

consumemoresaltthannontastersdo.Snackfoodshavesaltinessastheirprimaryflavor,andatleastforthesefoods,moreisbetter,so

thesupertastersseemtolikethemmore.^^

However,supertastersalsoneedhigherlevelsofsalttoblockunpleasantbittertastesinfoodssuchascheese,Hayesnoted."For

example,cheeseisawonderfulblendofdairyflavorsfromfermentedmilk,butalsobittertastesfromripeningthatareblockedby

salt,“hesaid."Asupertasterfindslow-saltcheeseunpleasantbecausethebitternessistoopronounced6.”

Hayescitedresearchdonemorethan75yearsagobyachemistnamedFoxandageneticistnamedBlakeslee,showingthatindividuals

differintheirabilitytotastecertainchemicals.Asaresult,Hayesexplained,weknowthatawiderangeintasteacuityexists,andthis

variationisasnormalasvariationsineyeandhaircolor.

“Somepeople,calledsupertasters,describebittercompoundsasbeingextremelybitter,whileothers,callednontasters,findthesesame

bittercompoundstobetastelessoronlyweaklybitter,“hesaid.''Responsetobittercompoundsisoneofmanywaystoidentify

biologicaldifferencesinfoodpreferencebecausesupertastin7isnotlimitedtobitterness.(476)

詞匯：

Publicizev.引起公眾對(duì)…的注意；(用廣告)宣傳

Dietaryadj.飲食的；規(guī)定食物的

Fermentv.(使)發(fā)酵

Geneticistn.遺傳學(xué)家

Acuityn.敏銳；尖銳

注釋：

1.PennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciences：即PennStateUniversity-CollegeofAgriculturalSciences賓州州立大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院。

Penn是Pennsylvania的縮寫，是美國(guó)賓夕法尼亞州名。賓州州立大學(xué)建于1855年：在全國(guó)共有24個(gè)分校。在句中，PennState

CollegeofAgriculturalSciences用作定語(yǔ)，修飾foodscientisto

2.Well-publicizedeffortstoreducethesaltcontentinfood：大力宣傳減少食物含鹽量的做法

3.leftmanypeoplestrugglingtoacceptfarethatsimplydoesnottasteasgoodtothemasitdoestoothers：使得許多人努力去接受

適合其他人而不適合他們口味的食物。fare相當(dāng)于food。

4.leadinvestigator：研發(fā)項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人

5....carefullyscreenedparticipantswhosampledsaltyfoodsassoupandchips,onmultipleoccasion,spreadoutoverweeks：.......

經(jīng)過仔細(xì)篩選的實(shí)驗(yàn)參與者，他們?cè)趲字軆?nèi)的不同時(shí)間里品嘗了湯和薯?xiàng)l等含鹽食物。

6.toopronounced：此處pronounced為形容詞，意為verynoticeable,conspicuous（明顯的，顯著的）。

7.supertasting：超重味感

新增試題

MakingLightoflSleep

Allwehaveaclocklocatedinsideourbrains.Similartoyourbedsidealarmclock,yourinternalclock2runsona24-hourcycle.

Thiscycle,calledacircadianrhythm,helpscontrolwhenyouwake,whenyoueatandwhenyousleep.

Somewherearoundpuberty,somethinghappensinthetimingofthebiologicalclock.Theclockpushesforward,soadolescents

andteenagersareunabletofallasleepasearlyastheyusedto.Whenyourmothertellsyouit'stimeforbed,yourbodymaybepushing

youtostayup3forseveralhoursmore.AndthelightcomingfromyourcomputerscreenorTVcouldbepushingyoutostayupeven

later.

Thisshift4isnaturalforteenagers.Butstayingupverylateandsleepinglatecangetyourbody'sclockoutofsyncwiththecycle

oflightanddark5.Itcanalsomakeithardtogetoutofbedinthemorningandmaybringotherproblems,too.Teenagersareputina

kindofagraycloud6whentheydon'tgetenoughsleep,saysMaryCarskadon,asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityinProvidence,

RI7.Itaffectstheirmoodandtheirabilitytothinkandlearn.

Butjustlikeyouralarmclock,yourinternalclockcanbereset.Infact,itautomaticallyresetsitselfeveryday.How?Byusingthe

lightitgetsthroughyoureyes.

Scientistshaveknownforalongtimethatthelightofdayandthedarkofnightplayimportantrolesinsettingourinternalclocks.

Foryears,researchersthoughtthatthesignalsthatsynchronizethebody'sclock8werehandledthroughthesamepathwaysthatweuse

tosee.

Butrecentdiscoveriesshowthatthehumaneyehastwoseparatelight-sensingsystems.Onesystemallowsustosee.Thesecond

systemtellsourbodywhetherit'sdayornight.

詞匯：

circadianadj.晝夜節(jié)奏的，生理節(jié)奏的

adolescentn.青少年;adj.青少年的

pubertyn.發(fā)育;青春期

syncn.（口語(yǔ)）同步;和諧，協(xié)調(diào)

synchronizeV.（使）同時(shí)發(fā)生;（使）同步

注釋：

1.makelightof：輕視，不在乎。例如：Weshouldnotmakelightoftheirachievements.我們不應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)凸浪麄兊某删汀?/p>

2.yourinternalclock：指的是第一句中的aclocklocatedinsideourbrains,也即是第二段第?句中的thebiologicalclock（生

物鐘）。

3.stayup：不睡覺，熬夜

4.Thisshift：這種調(diào)整。指上文所描述的由于生理時(shí)間的變化青少年上床時(shí)間越來越晚的現(xiàn)象。

5.getyourbody'sclockoutofsyncwiththecycleoflightanddark：打亂了你的生物鐘與晝夜時(shí)間循環(huán)之間的平衡

6.graycloud：提不起精神的狀態(tài)

7.BrownUniversityinProvidence,RI：位于美國(guó)羅得島州普羅維登斯的布朗大學(xué)。RI是RhodeIsland（羅得島）的首字母

縮寫;Providence是羅得島州的首府。布朗大學(xué)是美國(guó)一流大學(xué)，

創(chuàng)建于1764年，是世界聞名的美國(guó)”常春藤聯(lián)盟”（還包括哈佛大學(xué)、耶魯大學(xué)、普林斯頓大學(xué)、布朗大學(xué)、哥倫比亞大學(xué)、

賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)、達(dá)特茅斯大學(xué)和康奈爾大學(xué)）中的一員。

8.thesignalsthatsynchronizethebody'sclock：平衡生物鐘的光信號(hào)

練習(xí):

1.Theclocklocatedinsideourbrainsissimilartoourbedsidealarmclockbecause

Aitcontrolswhenwewake,whenweeatandwhenwesleep.

Bithasacycleof24hours.

Citisacyclealsocalledcircadianrhythm.

Ditcanalarmanytimeduring24hours.

2.Whatisimpliedinthesecondparagraph?

AYoungchildren'sbiologicalclockhasthesamerhythmwiththatoftheteenagers.

BPeopleafterpubertybegintogotobedearlierduetothechangeofthebiologicalclock.

CChildrenbeforepubertytendtofallasleepearlieratnightthanadolescents.

DTeenagersgotobedlaterthantheyusedtoduetothelightfromthecomputerscreen.

3.Inthethirdparagraphtheauthorwantstotellthereaderthat

Aitisnaturalforteenagerstostayuplateandgetuplate.

Bstayinguplatehasabadeffectonteenagers*abilitytothinkandlearn.

Cduringpubertymostteenagersexperienceakindofgraycloud.

Ditishardforteenagerstogetoutofbedinthemorning.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothefourthandfifthparagraphs?

AOurbiologicalclockresetsitselfautomatically.

Blightgetsthroughoureyesandresetsourbiologicalclock.

COurinternalclockaswellasthealarmclockcanberesetautomatically.

DOurinternalclock,likethealarmclock,canbereset.

5.Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,whatdidthepreviousresearchersthinkaboutthehumaneye'slight-sensingsystem?

AThehumaneyehadtwolight-sensingsystems.

BThehumaneyehadonelight-sensingsystem.

CThehumaneyecouldsensethelightofdaymorequicklythanthedarkofnight.

DThehumaneyecouldresetourinternalclocksinaccordancewiththealarmclocks.

答案與題解：

l.B第一段第二句提供了答案。句中的yourinternalclock即指aclocklocatedinsideour

Brainso

2.C第二段主要內(nèi)容是告訴讀者，過了青春期(puberty),由于生物鐘節(jié)奏的變化，青少年(adolescentsandteenag