中考英語(yǔ)重難點(diǎn)題型講解訓(xùn)練08閱讀理解之略讀

中考英語(yǔ)重難點(diǎn)題型講解訓(xùn)練專題08閱讀理解之略讀

閱讀理解題題樣多，難度大，涉及面廣。今天主要討論的是閱讀技巧問題，怎樣可以提高閱讀速度。根

據(jù)閱讀題材閱讀目的不同，應(yīng)該采取不同的閱讀技巧。同時(shí)，也要根據(jù)不同目的適時(shí)調(diào)整閱讀速度。這里我

們介紹一種很常見的快速閱讀技巧：略讀。

Part1概念

略讀又稱跳讀(readingandskipping)或?yàn)g覽(glancing),是一種專門的，非常實(shí)用的快速閱讀技能。所謂

略讀，是指以盡可能快的速讀閱讀，如同從飛機(jī)上鳥瞰(bidseyeview)地面上的明顯標(biāo)志一樣，迅速獲取

文章大意或中心思想。換句話說，略讀是要求有選擇地進(jìn)行閱讀，可跳過某些細(xì)節(jié)，以求抓住文章的大概，

從而加快閱讀速度。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，訓(xùn)練有素的略讀者(skimmer)的閱讀速度可以達(dá)到每分鐘3000到4000個(gè)詞。

在略讀過程中，一般可運(yùn)用以下技巧：以一般閱讀速度，閱讀文章開頭的一、二段，力求抓住文章大意，背

景情況，作者的文章風(fēng)格，口吻或語(yǔ)氣等;閱讀段落的主題句和結(jié)論句。抓住主題句就掌握了段落大意，然

后略去細(xì)節(jié)不讀，以求得略讀速度;根據(jù)文章的難易程度和這到的目的，不斷靈活地調(diào)整閱讀速度；注意轉(zhuǎn)

折詞和序列詞。轉(zhuǎn)折詞如however,moreover,inaddition等，序列詞firstly,secondly等;根據(jù)文章的難易程度和

要回答的問題，不斷靈活地調(diào)整閱讀速度；若無需要，不必閱讀細(xì)節(jié)。

Part2略讀技巧

略讀又稱跳讀或?yàn)g覽，是一種專門的、非常實(shí)用的快速閱讀技能。所謂略讀，是指以盡可能快的速度閱

讀，如同從飛機(jī)上鳥瞰地面上的明顯標(biāo)志一樣，迅速獲取文章大意或中心思想。換句話說，略讀是要求讀者

有選擇地進(jìn)行閱讀，可跳過某些細(xì)節(jié)，以求抓住文章的大概，從而加快閱讀速度。

略讀使用的范圍很多。通常在時(shí)間有限而又需要閱讀大量材料的情況下，或者你想了解一些文章是否對(duì)

你的研究課題有用時(shí)，你都有可能使用此閱讀技巧。略讀可以運(yùn)用下列技巧：

1.注意留心文章標(biāo)題，小標(biāo)題和字幕說明，同時(shí)思考文章的主題和題材。還要利用印刷細(xì)節(jié)，如書或文

章的標(biāo)題、副標(biāo)題、小標(biāo)題、斜體詞、黑體詞、腳注、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等，對(duì)書和文章進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)略讀。預(yù)測(cè)略讀要

了解作者的思路、文章方式(模式)，以便把握大意，有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)及其相互關(guān)系。舉例來說，各種文體的寫

作特點(diǎn)明顯會(huì)給你有所提示的。記敘文突出細(xì)節(jié)的閱讀和基本內(nèi)容的理解。重點(diǎn)注意主要人物的言行，事件

的起因、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)。通過人物的言行，事情的經(jīng)過去理解人或事物的意義。描寫文閱讀注意力集中在人或

物的特點(diǎn)或特征描寫。說明文說明文旨在說明或解釋事物的性質(zhì)、特征和內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系。閱讀重點(diǎn)為尋找和歸

納主題句或結(jié)論。議論文闞明事物的性質(zhì)，表明作者的觀點(diǎn)和看法。指導(dǎo)學(xué)生重點(diǎn)捕捉作者的觀點(diǎn)。閱讀注

意力集中在首尾段，注意分清主要段落和次要段落。

2.一般說來，文章開頭總是很重要的?？梢砸暂^慢的閱讀速度(200-250wpm),閱讀文章開頭的一、二

段，力求抓住文章大意、背景情況。作者的文章風(fēng)格、口吻或語(yǔ)氣等也會(huì)有所體現(xiàn)。無論作者的語(yǔ)氣是輕松

愉快還是尖銳諷刺，作者的態(tài)度是肯定支持還是懷疑否定，都會(huì)對(duì)你理解整篇文章有很大的幫助。

3.養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣。不要逐字逐字閱讀，讓眼睛掠過文章，刻意留心重要詞匯。每個(gè)人都有此閱讀

能力。就像在你生活中，你會(huì)很隨意的瀏覽廣告牌，布告欄上的文字。眼睛掃過去，整個(gè)信息已經(jīng)進(jìn)入眼簾。

所以，相信自己你有這個(gè)能力的?，F(xiàn)在你要做的是加強(qiáng)這方面的訓(xùn)練。很容易可以找到一本此類方面的書，

你可以循序漸進(jìn)的練習(xí)。通過擴(kuò)大眼睛的注視范圍，來提高閱讀能力。很自然地，每一次兩個(gè)單詞，三個(gè)單

詞，四個(gè)單詞，或者更多單詞會(huì)映入眼簾。這樣的練習(xí)會(huì)幫助你減少閱讀疲勞感，同時(shí)還會(huì)增強(qiáng)眼睛與大腦

之問傳遞信息的能力。

4.注意轉(zhuǎn)折詞和序列詞。關(guān)聯(lián)詞使文章的句子，段落形成一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體，服務(wù)一個(gè)主題，表明文中句

段的開啟、轉(zhuǎn)折、延伸、因果等邏輯關(guān)系。尋讀關(guān)聯(lián)詞，會(huì)幫助你弄清文章的語(yǔ)言層次，明晰局段之間的邏

輯關(guān)系，從而快速準(zhǔn)確了解文章的中心意思和作者寫作意圖。

[例I]

WhenIwas17>IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay.oncethehomeofawatercolorist

namedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnilintoamuseumuponherdeath.Onasunny

Saturday,SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked."Doyouhavetheaddress?""No,butI'llrecognize

it,therewasapictureinthemagazine.

"Oh,stop.Thereitis!"

Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstared

alus.

"MayIhelpyou?"amanasked."No,"Isaid,"we'refine."Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatif

theytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin?Sallyhadgoneupstairs.Thepeopleinthe

hallseemedverynosy（愛窺探的），keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?Isaw

somenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme."Wheredoyouthinkyouare?

"heasked.Iturnedsharply.MTheMcNayArtMuseum!uHesmiled,shakinghishead."Sorry,theMcNay

isonNewBraunfelsStreet.",Mwhat'sthisplace?MIasked,stillconfused."Well,it*sourhome.HMyheart

jolted（震顫），Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout,"Sally!Comedownimmediately!

"There*ssomereallygoodstuff（藝術(shù)作品）upthere.*'Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused.Ipushed

hertowardthefrontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,"Sorry,pleaseforgiveus,youhaveareallynice

place."Outside,whenItoldSallywhathappened,shecoveredhermouth,laughing.Shecouldn'tbelieve

howlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything.

TherealMcNaywassplendid，butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh,Picasso.This

time,westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.

Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace."Excuseme,didyoueverenteraresidence,

longago,thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum?"

"Yes.Buthowdoyouknow?Wenevertoldanyone.”

“Thatwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover,Ineverrealizedwhata

beautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeelingsaboutmyhome

changedafterthat.I'vealwayswantedtothankyou.”

（1）WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNay?

A.Shewasapainter.

B.Shewasacommunityleader.

C.Shewasamuseumdirector.

D.Shewasajournalist.

（2）Whydidtheauthorrefusethehelpfromthemaninthehouse?

A.Shedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy.

B.Shefeltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers.

C.Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman.

D.Shemistookhimforatourguide.

(3)Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?

A.Puzzled.

B.Concerned.

C.Frightened.

D.Delighted.

(4)WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords?

A.Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.

B?Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.

C.TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.

D.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.

(5)Whatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Peopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife.

B.Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.

C.Peopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem.

D.Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.

【詳解】本文主要講述作者和薩利驅(qū)車去參觀麥克內(nèi)伊博物館的故事.由于博物館是免費(fèi)的，她們進(jìn)去時(shí),

大廳里的人們停止了談話，盯著他們.她們看了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，最后才知道這是一個(gè)私人的民宅.

1.A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,

oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay（當(dāng)我十七歲時(shí)，我讀到一篇關(guān)于麥克內(nèi)伊博物館的雜

志文章，以前是一位名叫瑪麗麥克內(nèi)伊水彩畫家的家）可知，A項(xiàng)正確.

2.D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第四段Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin

（如果他們對(duì)一幅你不感興趣的畫談?wù)摵荛L(zhǎng)時(shí)間你會(huì)怎么辦呢）可知，D項(xiàng)正確.

3.A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第四段Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy,keepingtheireyesonmewith

curiosity.Whatwastheirproblem（大廳里的人們看來愛窺探，他們的眼睛好奇地看著我.他們的問題是什

么）可知，A項(xiàng)正確.

4.D.推理判斷題.根據(jù)第五段"There'ssomereallygoodstuffupthere."Shesteppeddown（她退出來說：

”那里確實(shí)有一些好藝術(shù)作品"）及Shecouldn'tbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything

（她不敢相信他們什么也沒說讓我們四處看了那么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）可知，D項(xiàng)正確.根據(jù)第六段排除A、B、C項(xiàng).

5.C.推理判斷題.根據(jù)段中Beforeyoucameover,IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Inever

feltluckybefore（在你們從遠(yuǎn)處來之前，我從來沒有意識(shí)到我住在一個(gè)多么美麗的地方.我以前從來沒有感

到幸運(yùn)）可知，C項(xiàng)正確.

【例2】

Asearlyas2005,therewereanumberofnewsstoriesaboutdogcloningandcatcloning.Animalcloninghad

beenoldnewsfornearlyadecadebythen,withtherevolutionarycloningofDollythesheepinScotland.

However,Snuppywasthefirstpet,adog,tobecloned.SincethecloningofSnuppy,therehasbeen

someverysuccessfulcloningofpetsandotheranimals.LouHawthornestartedBioArtswhilecloninghisbeloved

mixed-breeddogMissy.Hawthornewasverypleasedwiththeresultsofthecloning,producingthreesuccessful

clonesthatwereveryaliketotheoriginalincharacterandbehavior.InJanuary,2009,aFloridacouple,Ed

andNinaOtto,announcedthattheyhadpaidtohavetheirdogclonedbyBioArts.

Allnewtechnologyisoverpriced.Forexample,personalcomputerswerenotveryaffordableatfirst.Only

aftertheproducingprocesswasimprovedwasitpossibleforeveryfamilytohaveacomputer.Howmuchroom

therewillbefororganizationstoreducethepricepointonpetcloningwithoutbroaddemandisofcoursequestionable.

Therearemanygreatdogsandcatsthatcanbefoundatthelocaldogpoundoraregivenawayfor"freetogood

homes"inclassifiedads.However,thereisnolimittothevaluepeopleplaceonabelovedpet.TheOttosare

agoodexampleofthat.Ifpeoplecanpurchaseadogorcatwithpredictablebehaviorandcharacteristics,there

isvalueinthat.Thereisapredictablemarkethere,thoughitmayalwaysbelimitedinsize.

Whilepetcloninghasnottakenoffassomehoped,it'sclearthatitwillbecomeabiggermarketinthefuture

anditwillbeincreasinglypossibleforpeopletotrythisout.Withtheinevitablesuccessthatclonedpetowners

willhave,thepracticewillbecomemorewidelyacceptedanditseemsinevitablethatthereisafutureforcloned

dogsandcats.

(1)Whatistheparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Thecasesofpetcloning.

B.Thehistoryofpetcloning.

C.Thebehaviorofclonedanimals.

D.Thedevelopmentofanimalcloning.

(2)Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Petcloningwillbeacceptedbyeveryone.

B.Thepriceofpetcloningmaynotbecheap.

C.Humancloningmayonedaybecomeareality.

D.Newtechnologyofpetcloningwillbeinvented.

(3)Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?

A.declined.

B.appeared.

C.understood.

D.boosted.

(4)What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardthemarketofpetcloning?

A.Optimistic.

B.Negative.

C.Indifferent.

D.Fearful.

【詳解】本文章主要講述了克隆寵物的情況，越來越多的克隆貓和克隆狗，而且未來這個(gè)市場(chǎng)將會(huì)非常的強(qiáng)

大.

1.A.細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容“Snuppywasthefirstpet,adog,tobecloned.SincethecloningofSnuppy,

therehasbeensomeverysuccessfulcloningofpetsandotheranimals."Snuppy是第一個(gè)被克隆的寵物，自從

SnopPy的克隆以來，寵物和其他動(dòng)物的克隆非常成功.可知，第二段主要講述了寵物克隆案例.故選A.

2.B.細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容"thereisnolimittothevaluepeopleplaceonabelovedpet.TheOttosareagood

exampleofthat.”人們對(duì)寵愛寵物的價(jià)值是沒有限制的.Ottos就是一個(gè)很好的例子.可知，克隆寵物的價(jià)格

可能并不便宜.故選B.

3.D.詞意題.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容"it'sclearthatitwillbecomeabiggermarketinthefutureanditwillbeincreasingly

possibleforpeopletotrythisout.”很顯然，它將在未來成為一個(gè)更大的市場(chǎng)，人們將越來越有可能嘗試這

一點(diǎn).可知，劃線詞的含義是提高.故選D.

4.A.細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容“Withtheinevitablesuccessthatclonedpetownerswillhave,thepracticewill

becomemorewidelyacceptedanditseemsinevitablethatthereisafutureforcloneddogsandcats.”它將在未來

成為一個(gè)更大的市場(chǎng)，人們將越來越有可能嘗試這一點(diǎn).可知，作者對(duì)寵物克隆市場(chǎng)的態(tài)度是樂觀的.

精講精練

【例題1】

“WhenIgrowup,Iwanttobearunner."ThesewordsarespokenbythousandsofKenyan

children.50percentoftheKenyantoprunnersaremembersofKalenjin,oneminorityraceofthecountry.They

makeuplessthantwopercentofKenya'spopulation.Thisfacthaspuzzledsportsscientists.Theyhavespent

considerabletimeandefforttryingtoansweronequestion：WhatenablestheKalenjinpeopletorunsofast?

Althoughthequestionseemssimple,findingtheanswerhasproventobedifficultandcontroversial.Ateam

ofDanishsportsscientistsspent18monthsanddiscoveredtheKalenjinshadremarkablyslowheartratesevenwhen

runninglongdistances.TheKalenjinsliveinhigh-elevation（高海拔）villagesintheRiftValleyinwestern

Kenya.Peoplelivingathighelevationsproducemoreredbloodcells,whichaidinthetransportofoxygen

throughoutthebody.Becausetheairisthinnerandcontainslessoxygenathighelevations,thebodyproduces

moreredbloodcells.Scientistsbelievethereisaconnectionbetweenincreasedredbloodcellsandlowheartrates

andthatbothmayenablehigh-altitudeathletestooutperformthosewhotrainatlowaltitudes.TheDanishscientists

alsostudiedthebodiesoftheKalenjinsandcomparedthemtothoseoftheDanes.TheyfoundthattheKalenjins

havelonger"birdlike"legs.TheKalenjinsalsohavelowerbodymassindexes（ameasureofbodyfatbasedon

weightandheight）andshorterbodiesthanDanishpeople.

AsaresultoftheDanishstudy,somescientistsmadetheconclusionthattheKalenjinspossesswhatiscalled

aMspeedgene（基因）”?However,KenyanrunnerswereoffendedbythisconclusionTheycreditedtheirsuccess

tohardworkandendlesshoursoftraining.

Althoughthecontroversyoverthe"speedgene"remainsunsolved,BritishrunnerMoFarah'sexperienceoffers

aninterestingperspectiveonthesubject.In2005,herealizedhewasn'tmeetinghispotentialasarunner.A

groupofKenyanrunnersweretraininginEnglandthen.AfterheaccidentallyobservedtheKenyans*stricttraining

routinesanddedicationtotheirsport,Farahsaiditwaslikeaswitchhadbeenturnedoninhishead.Hebegan

eatinghealthyfoods,goingtobedearly,andtrainingharderthanhehadevertrainedinhislife.Asaresult,

Farah'srunningcareerexploded.HehaswonsevenworldandOlympictitlesinthe5000mandregularlybeats

Kenya'stoprunners!

Farah'sstoryproveswhatKenyanshaveknownallalong.Regardlessofgenetics,theirsuccesswouldnot

bepossiblewithouthardwork,dedication,sacrifice,andmentaltoughness.Their“secret"issimple.Train

hard,runfast,andnevergiveup.

(1)Whatinterestedthesportsscientists?

A.Kenyansportshistory.

B.Kanlenjins*runningability.

C.Kanlenjins*trainingmethods.

D.Kenyans*enthusiasmforsport.

(2)AccordingtoDanishscientists,whatleadstotheKanlenjins*success?

A.Physicalcondition.

C.Hardtraining.

B.Livingstyle.

D.Strongwill.

(3)HowdidKenyanrunnersthinkaboutDanishresearchresult?

A.Convincing.

C.Astonishing.

B.Unacceptable.

D.Important.

(4)WhyisMoFarah'sstorymentionedinthepassage?

A.Toshowrunningmethodscount.

B?ToencourageBritishathletes.

C.Toproveeffortpaysoff.

D.Tosupportgenetheory.

【答案】BABC

【解析】

1.B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)Thisfacthaspuzzledsportsscientists.Theyhavespentconsiderabletimeandeffort

tryingtoansweronequestion：WhatenablestheKalenjinpeopletorunsofast?可知，坎倫金斯人的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力

讓體育科學(xué)家很感興趣.故選B.

2.A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)AsaresultoftheDanishstudy,somescientistsmadetheconclusionthattheKalenjins

possesswhatiscalledanspeedgene(?E)n.可知，是基因，身體狀況讓他們有很強(qiáng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力.故選A.

3.B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)However,KenyanrunnerswereoffendedbythisconclusionTheycreditedtheirsuccess

tohardworkandendlesshoursoftraining.可知，他們不認(rèn)同科學(xué)家的結(jié)果，他們將自己的成功歸功于辛勤工

作和無盡的訓(xùn)練時(shí)間.故選B.

4.C.推理判斷題.根據(jù)Farah'sstoryproveswhatKenyanshaveknownallalong.Regardlessofgenetics,

theirsuccesswouldnotbepossiblewithouthardwork,dedication,sacrifice,andmentaltoughness.Their

"secret"issimple.Trainhard,runfast,andnevergiveup.可知，MoFarah的故事是為了說明努力才會(huì)

有回報(bào).故選C.

【練習(xí)1]

Theministryofeducationrecentlypublishednationalstandardsforthemanagementofprimaryandsecondary

schools.Itsaysthatschoolsandparentsshouldworktogethertoensureprimaryschoolstudentssleepatleast10

hoursadayandmiddleschoolstudentssleepninehoursaday.

However,weinterviewedsomestudents*parentsandnoneofourintervieweessaidtheycouldachievethat

goal.Andnoneoftheintervieweesbelievedotherparentswouldbeabletoachievethatgoal.

Thishastodowiththeacademicburdenonchildren.Manykidshaveridiculousamountsofhomeworktodo

eachnight,whiletheyalsosufferfromtheadditionalburdenofafter-schoolcourses.Thetruthisthatchildren

havetoworkharderthanadults.

Itshouldbenotedthatmanyparentsarerathertiredwiththissituation,andtheycomplainaboutbeing

exhaustedbyhelpingtheirchildrenwithhomeworkandfeelpressuredbytheeconomicburdenofafter-schoolcourses.

Doubtlessly,themaincourseliesinthecompetitioninsociety.Noparentswanttheirchildrentofallbehind

intherace.

TheproblemisespeciallyseriousinmanycitiessuchasBeijingandShanghai,wheretherearebothquality

educationresourcesandfiercecompetition.Itisdifficultforchildreninthesecitiestosleepenoughhoursevery

day.

Inordertochangethis,educationresourcesneedtobemorefairlyequal,especiallyforprimaryeducation,

sothatstudentsandtheirparentsdonothavetocompetesofiercelyforthelimitedamountofqualityeducation

resources.

Suchthingsarealwayseasiersaidthandone,ofcourse.Tobalanceprimaryandsecondaryeducation

resourceswillbeadifficultprocess.Butonlybydoingsowillourchildrengetenoughsleepeveryday.

28.WhatisthepurposeofthenationalstandardsmentionedinParagraph1?

A.Tomakesurestudentshaveenoughsleep.

B.Toexplainwhyenoughsleepisimportantforstudents.

C.Tofindoutwhystudentscan'thaveenoughsleep.

D.Tostatehowthenationalstandardsarecarriedout.

29.Whichfactdoesmainlyleadtostudents1lackofsleep?

A.Learningstress.

B.Economicalpressurefromextracourses.

C.Fiercesocialcompetition.

D.Lowefficiencyinstudy.

30.Accordingtotheauthor,thegovernmentshould.

A.reducethelearningcourses.

B?provideequaleducationresources.

C.strengthenfinancialsupport.

D.publishstricteducationpolicy.

31.WhichonecanBESTdescribethestructureofthepassage?

A.Compareandcontrast.

B.Causeandeffect.

C.Reasonandsolution.

D.Opinionandsuggestion.

【答案】ACBC

【解析】

28.A.推理判斷題.根據(jù)“Ilsaysthatschoolsandparentsshouldworktogethertoensureprimaryschoolstudents

sleepatleast10hoursadayandmiddleschoolstudentssleepninehoursaday.”可知，第一段提到國(guó)家規(guī)定是

為了確保學(xué)生有足夠的睡眠.故選A.

29.C.推理判斷題.根據(jù)“whiletheyalsosufferfromtheadditionalburdenofafter-schoolcourses.Thetruth

isthatchildrenhavetoworkharderthanadults”可知，激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境導(dǎo)致學(xué)生缺乏睡眠.故選C.

30.B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)"Inordertochangethis,educationresourcesneedtobemorefairlyequal,especially

forprimaryeducation”可知，政府應(yīng)該提供平等的教育資源.故選B.

31.C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文先是提出了需要解決的問題，后又寫出了解決問題的幾

種方法.故選C.

【例題2】

Youmustthinkacomputeristhebestthingintheworld,right?Youmustthinkitworksatasuperspeed

andcandoeverything?Well,ifsnot!Infact,thebrainismuchmorepowerfulthananysupercomputer!Think

aboutwhenaglassisjustabouttofalloffthetable.Yourbraincontrolseverythingthatyouneedtodotosavethat

glassfromfalling.Firstyoureyescheckoutwhat'sgoingon,thentellyourbrain.andyourbraindecideshow

quicklyyouneedtoreact（反應(yīng)），andthenyourmuscles（肌肉）gointoaction.Thatisjustfromyour

brain.Nocomputercouldevercomeclosetothat!

Thebrainweighsjust3pounds,butitcontrolseverythingyoudofromthinking,learning,feelingeven

tobreathingandyourheartbeating.Eventhoughthebrainisjust2%ofyourbodyweight,itusesaround20%

ofallyourenergyinyourbody.Thatisalotforsuchasmallorgan（器官）.Thereareabout100billiontiny,

tinylittlecells（ZW胞）inyourbrain.Therearesomanythatitwouldtakeyouover3.000yearstocountthem

all!

Yourbrainstopsgrowingwhenyou're18,butitactuallykeepsondevelopingandlearningnewthings.So

yourparentsarereallysupersmart!Youwon'tbeabletofoolthem!Believeitornot,yourbrainNEVERstops

working.Evenduringsleeping,thebrainworksforlong-termmemoryestablishment（建立）.Itisrealized

thatthebrainisthesecondorganinthebodyastheheartthatneverstopsduringhumanlives.

Soeveryoneshouldbeproudofsuchagiftofnature.

（1）InParagraph1,thewriterwantstotellus.

A.eyesandmusclesreactquickly

B.thebraincontrolseverythinginyourbody

C.thecomputeristhebestthingintheworld

D.thebrainismorepowerfulthananycomputer

（2）InParagraph2,theunderlinedword"That"refersto（指的是）.

A.thebodyweight

B.2%ofthebodyweight

C.allenergyinthebody

D.around20%oftheenergyinthebody

(3)WhichisRIGHTaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thebraindoesn'tworkduringsleeping.

B.Thebrainistheonlyorganthatneverstops.

C.Thebrainkeepsgrowingduringhumanlives.

D.Thebrainkeepsondevelopingduringhumanlives.

(4)Whichwordcanbestdescribethebrainaccordingtothepassage?

A.Magic.

B.Quick.

C.Light.

D.Developing.

(5)Inwhichmagazinecanthepassagebefoundmostprobably?

A.BusinessWeekly

B.Medicine

C.Science

D.Sports

【答案】DDDAC

【解析】

1.D,段落大意題，根據(jù)Infact,thebrainismuchmorepowerfulthananysupercomputer可知講述的是電腦

遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)比不上人腦，故選D.

2.D,細(xì)節(jié)理解題，前面提至ljitusesaround20%ofallyourenergyinyourbody用掉所有能量的20%,由此

可知是能量消耗較大，故選D.

3.D,細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)Yourbrainstopsgrowingwhenyou're18,butitactuallykeepsondevelopingand

learningnewthings可知雖然18歲之后大腦就不長(zhǎng)了，但是會(huì)一直完善功能，故選D.

4.A,細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)Itisrealizedthatthebrainisthesecondorganinthebodyastheheartthatneverstops

duringhumanlives可知大腦不會(huì)停止工作，前文也提到他控制著我們身體的每一個(gè)器官，由此可知這是一個(gè)

神奇的器官，故選A.

5.C,主旨?xì)w納題，文章主要講述的是有關(guān)于大腦的事情，講述了期生長(zhǎng)以及工作情況，這是科普性質(zhì)的闡

述，最有可能來自于科學(xué)雜志，故選C.

【練習(xí)2】

Nature'swarnings

Whentheskysuddenlyturnsdarkandthewindisstrong，watchout!Adangerousstormmightbe

coming.Stormsarescary.Watchforflashesoflightning.Listenforthunder.Ifnaturesendsthesewarnings,

don'twaitforrain.Actrightawaytokeepsafe.

SafetySteps!

Atthefirstflashoflightning,quicklygetinsideabuildingoracar.Donotgointoashed（棚）for

protection.Itisnotclosedlikeabuilding,soitisnotsafe.

Evenafteryouareindoors,becareful.Itisnotsmarttogoneardoorsandwindows.Theycanblowinor

break.Aroomwithnowindowsisthesafestplacetobe.

Donotwashyourhandsduringastorm.Donotuseanythingthatrunsonelectricityeither.Waterandelectrical

linesarelikeroadsforlightning.Evenifyoureallywanttoplaycomputergames,don't!Itisbettertobebored

thantoriskgettinghurt.Tryreadingabookinstead.Readingismorefunthanplayingcomputergames.

Ifyoucan'tgettosomewheresafe,stayoutintheopen.Youmayfeelsafeunderatree,butthatisnota

goodplacetobe.Lightningispullingtowardtallpolesandtrees.Staydowninanopenspaceandcoveryour

earstoprotectthem.Loudthundercandamageyourhearing.

LightningStrikes

Lightningdoesnotstrikepeopleveryoften.Itisnotlikelythatyouwilleverseethathappen.Ifyoudo,

call1-2-0.Onlytrainedemergencyworkersshouldcareforapersonwhohasbeenhitbylighting.

Ifyoufollowtheserules,youshouldstaysafeduringastorm.

(1)FromParagraphI,welearnthat.

A.stormsarefrighteningandharmful

B?stormsoftencomewithoutwarnings

C.peopleshouldwaitandwatchlightning

D.peopleshouldtakeactionafterthestorm

(2)Theunderlinedword"It"inParagraph2probablymeans?

A.abuilding

B?acar

C.aroom

D.ashed

(3)Duringastormyouhadbelter.

A.useacomputerforawhile

B?listenforthunderbyawindow

C.leavetheroomandstayout

D.findaclosedoranopenplace

(4)Ifapersonishitbylightning,youshould.

Acallforemergencyhelp

B.staydowninasafespace

C.movehimorhertosafety

D.coverhisorherearsquickly

(5)Thebesttitleforthepassageis.

A.TrainingSteps

B.HomeRules

C.NaturalOrder

D.StormSafety

【答案】ADDAD

【解析】

1.A,細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)Stormsarescary可知暴風(fēng)雨很可怕，很危險(xiǎn)，故選A.

2.D,句意理解題，根據(jù)Donotgointoashed(棚)forprotection可知因?yàn)榕镒雍芎?jiǎn)陋，不能很好的保護(hù)

避雨的人，所以此處指的是棚子，故選D.

3.D,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,下雨可以Atthefirstflashoflightning,quicklygetinsideabuildingoracar躲在密閉的

室內(nèi)，或者Staydowninanopenspace待在戶外較開闊的地方，故選D.

4.A,細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)Ifyoudo,call1-2-0.可知如果被閃電擊中，要打電話叫救護(hù)車，故選A.

5.D.主旨?xì)w納題，最后一句提到Ifyoufollowtheserules,youshouldstaysafeduringastorm遵循這些，

在暴風(fēng)雨的天氣下就會(huì)很安全，此文章主要講述的是如何在暴雨中確保安全，故選D.

【例題3】

Haveyoueverseenrowsofdifferentcarsparkedonabigplayground，withtheirboots(汽車后備箱)open?

Thebootsarepackedwiththingslikebooks,pictures,kid*stoys.Thisisacarbootsale.Itispopularinthe

UK.

Ifyouhavelotsofthingsandhavenowheretoputthem,anddon'twanttothrowthemaway,whynottrya

carbootsale?Gotoacarbootsaleandyoumaybeexcitedaboutwhatyoufind.

Youcanfindalmostanythingatacarbootsale,frombeds,tablestonecklacesandring....

Mostofthethingsaresecond-hand,sotheyareusuallylow-priced.Iliketohuntforbooks.Iwaspetty

proudwhenIboughtfourbooksfromtheHarryPotter.Seriesandtheycostmejustover￥2.

Hereisalittletipthatnoteverybodyknows；Whenit'snearlytheendofthesale(theyusuallyfinishinthe

earlyafternoon)，manysellerscutthepricesbecausetheywanttothrowawaythings.Quiteoftenyou'llfind"all

for1Op"，"Buyoneandgetonefree**and"Takeitaway!nIfsclearthattheyjustwanttothrowthosethingsaway.

However,theremaynotbemuchgoodstuff(物品)leftintheend-thethingspeoplereallywantaresole

quickly.So,astheysay,theearlybirdcatchestheworm!

(1)Whyaremostthingsatsuchalowpriceatacarbootsale?

A.Becausetheyareterrible.

B?Becausetheyareuseless.

C.Becausetheyaresmallthings.

D.Becausetheyaresecond-hand.

(2)WhichofthefollowingthingsyoumayNOTfindatacarbootsale?

A.Foodanddrinks

B.booksandpictures

C.Bedsandtables

D.Necklacesandrings

(3)HowdidthewriterfeelwhenhegotfourbooksfromtheHarryPotterseries?

A.Terrible

B?Excited

C.Proud

D.Nervous

(4)Manysellersusuallycuttheprices.

A.atthebeginningofthesale

B?nearlyattheendofthesale

C.intheearlymorning

D.whenthereisbadweather

(5)Whatisthereadingmainlyabout?

A.AcarbootsaleintheUK.

B.AcarshowintheUK.

C.Whatacarbootsale.

D.Agoodwaytosavemoney.

【答案】DACBA

【解析】

1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中的第4段Mostofthethingsaresecond-hand,sotheyareusuallylow-priced.可

知大部分的東西都是二手貨，所以通常價(jià)格很低，故答案D.

2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中的第3段Youcanfindalmostanythingatacarbootsale,frombeds,tablesto

necklacesandring….你可以在車靴銷售中找到幾乎所有的東西，從床、桌子到項(xiàng)鏈和戒指可知沒有提到食

物和飲料，故答案A.

3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中的第4段IwaspettyproudwhenIboughtfourbooksfromtheHarryPotter.可知

我從哈利?波特系列買了四本書時(shí)，我感到很驕傲，故答案C.

4.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中的第5段Whenit'snearlytheendofthesale(theyusuallyfinishintheearly

afternoon),manysellerscutthepricesbecausetheywanttothrowawaythings.可知當(dāng)它接近銷售結(jié)束(他

們通常在下午早些時(shí)候結(jié)束)，許多賣家降價(jià)，因?yàn)樗麄兿肴拥舻臇|西，故答案B.

5.A主旨?xì)w納題，根據(jù)文中的第1段Thisisacarbootsale.I