New Zealand Introduction教學(xué)講解課件

NewZealandIntroductionNationalFlagofNewZealand:theUnionJackandthestarsoftheSouthernCross南十字星座GeographyIntroductionOfficialnameNewZealand(Anothernameis“Aotearoa”,meaning“l(fā)andofthelongwhitecloud”)CapitalWellingtonArea270,534sqkm(ThesizeofthecountryissimilartoBritainIslesorJapan.)Ithastwomainislands:NorthIslandandSouthIsland.Andthey’reseparatedbyCookStrait.Thereisabout2000kmlongfromnorthtosouth.TheSouthIslandisthelargest

landmass

ofNewZealand,andisdividedalongitslengthbytheSouthernAlps.

Thereare18peaksover3,000metres(9,800

ft),thehighestofwhichisAoraki/MountCook

at3,754metres(12,316

ft).MtCook庫克山:thehighestpeak,3,754metershighTheNorthIslandislessmountainousbutis

markedbyvolcanism.

Thehighlyactive

TaupoVolcanicZone

hasformedalarge

volcanicplateau,punctuatedbytheNorthIsland'shighestmountain,

MountRuapehu

(2,797meters).Theplateaualsohoststhecountry'slargestlake,

LakeTaupo,

nestledinthe

caldera

ofoneoftheworld'smostactive

supervolcanoes.MountRuapehu,thehighestactivevolcanoinNewZealandLakeTaupositsincentralNorthIsland.Itcovers606sqkm;itis40kmlongand27kmwide.Inthesurroundingareaarenumerousgeysersandhotsprings.TheClutha:thelargestriver,336kmlongintheSouthIsland.

LadyKnoxGeyser:

ThenorthcentralregionofNewZealand’sNorthIslandisanareaofactivevolcanism.Inadditiontothreeactivevolcanoes,therearegeysers,liketheLadyKnoxGeyser,mudpools,andhotsprings.FamousCities:Wellington,thecapitaloftheNewZealand.Auckland,thelargestandmostpopulous

urbanareainthecountry.AnimalsandplantsArichvarietyoftrees,treeferns,groundferns,mossesandotherplantsmakeup“thebush”,asNewZealanderscalltheirforests.Besides,NewZealandhas250speciesofbirdsincludingthekiwiTreeFern:NewZealand'simpressivetreeferncangrowtoatoweringheightof15meters.Withmorethan150fernspeciesgrowinginNewZealand,theplanthasbecomeanationalsymbol.KiwiFruitHistoryMaoricamebetween1,000and3,000yearsago→

Europeanscameinthe17thcentury→SigningoftheTreatyofWaitangi1840→After18403periodsBefore1840The

first

people

to

settleNewZealandweretheancestorsoftheMaori毛利人,whoarethoughttohavecalledtheislandsAotearoa(“LandoftheLongWhiteCloud”).WhoisMaori??TheMaoriwerepartofthespreadofPolynesianpeoples玻利尼西亞人acrossthefar-flungislandsofthePacificOceanbetween1,000and3,000yearsago.TheEuropeanhistorybeginsinthe17thcentury.AbelTasman:aDutchnavigator,thefirstEuropeantovisitNewZealandin1642CaptainJamesCook:thefirstEnglishmantovisitNewZealandin1769TheTreatyofWaitangi1840TheTreatyofWaitangiwassignedon6thFebruary,1840.IntheTreaty,GreatBritainformallyproclaimedsovereigntyovertheislandandagreedtorespectthelandownershiprightsoftheMaori,whoplacedthemselvesundertheprotectionoftheBritishgovernment.February6thisnowcelebratedasNewZealand’sNationalDay—WaitangiDay威坦哲日,懷唐伊日。WaitangiDayAfter1840The

European

populationofNewZealandgrewfromabout1,000inthe1830stonearly60,000in1858,andthenrocketedto

500,000bytheearly1880s.

▲Morewomenworkedoutsidehome,andequalpayisintroducedin1972.▲Inflationandunemploymentgrewin1970sandgovernmentspendingonsocialwelfareincreasedwiththeintroductionofNationalSuperannunationin1976.Inthemid-1980s,NewZealanddeclareditsantinuclearpolicyandbecameanuclearfreezone.ThispolicyledtoAmerica’ssuspensionoftheANZUSsecurityguaranteestoNewZealandin1986.WaitangiNationalMaoriReserve:ThissiteontheNorthlandpeninsulaisconsideredthebirthplaceofmodernNewZealand.TheTreatyofWaitangiwassignedherebetweentheMaoriandtheUnitedKingdomon6February1840.TherestoredWaitangiTreatyHouseReligionsNewZealandgovernmentadvocateslibertyofbelief.Nearly66%believeinProtestantandCatholic

Christianity9%donothavebelief25%

otherbeliefsGovernmentandPolitics

FormofgovernmentParliamentarydemocracyHeadofstateGovernor-general,representingtheBritishmonarchHeadofgovernmentPrimeministerLegislatureUnicamerallegislatureHouseofRepresentatives:120members(forthreeyears)TheGovernmentPoliticalPartiesTwo-partysystem:theNationalPartyandtheLaborParty

First-levelpoliticaldivisions12regionsand4unitaryauthoritiesHelenClarkIn1999HelenClark,leaderoftheLaborParty,becamethefirstfemaleprimeministerinNewZealand.ShewonherthirdelectioninSeptember,2005(threeyearsforoneterm).VotedforChange:JohnKeycelebratesNationalParty'svictoryduringNewZealandGeneralelectioninAuckland,Nov.8,2008.JohnKeyEconomy

The

economy

of

New

Zealandlargelyreliesonoverseastradebecauseitlacksmanymineralresourcesandhasonlydiscoveredsmallreservesofoil.Itneedstoimportmineralstokeepitseconomyrunning.Otherimportsincludemanufacturedgoods,heavymachinery,petroleum,chemicals,ironandsteel,plasticmaterialsandtextiles.

InrecentyearsNewZealandhasdevelopeditsagricultureandmanufacturingindustriestosuittheneedsoftheinternationalmarkets.Itisoneoftheworld’slargestexportersofmeat,dairyproductsandwool.Industriessuchasforestry,horticulture,fishing,manufacturing,andtourismhavealsobecomeincreasinglysignificant.CultureCultureNewZealand'scultureisrichanddiverseduetotheblendingofPolynesianandEuropeancultures.TheinfluenceofMaori,PacificIsland,EuropeanandAsianculturesmakesNewZealandacolourfulandvibrantplacewithmanydifferentcustomsandfoodtoenjoy.MAORICULTURETheMaoriaretheindigenouspeopleofNewZealand,theyarePolynesianandcompriseabout14percentofthecountry'spopulation.MaoriandPakehaalikemaystudyMaorilanguage.Maoriisthesecondofficiallanguage,anditisrecognizedinparliamentandincourtsoflaw.MaoritangaMaoritangameansMaoriculture,theMaoriwayoflifeandviewoftheworld.Traditional

Maori

cultureisexpressedinsong,dance,oratory,woodcarving,weaving,andarchitecture.Inthe1980stheyinitiatedarevivaloftheirlanguageandothertraditions.BythattimemanyMaorihadassimilatedintothepredominantEuropeanculture.ThemajorityofMaorihadbecomeurbandwellers,andmostyoungerMaorididnotknowtheMaorilanguage.TodayMaoriculturethrivesinbothtraditionalandreinventedtraditionsEducation

Primaryandsecondaryschoolingiscompulsoryforchildrenaged6to16,withthemajorityattendingfromtheageof5.Thereare13schoolyearsandattendingpublicschoolsisfree.ThreetypesofschoolsStateschoolsPrivateschoolsStateintegratedschoolsTherearefivetypesofgovernment-ownedtertiaryinstitutions:UniversitiesCollegesofeducationPolytechnicsSpecialistcollegesPrivatetrainingestablishmentsTraditions&Celebrations

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