高二英語人教版必修五講義UNIT5SECTIONⅤWRITING-急救

[技法指導(dǎo)]本單元的寫作任務(wù)為介紹急救措施，為指導(dǎo)性說明文，該類說明文旨在為讀者供應(yīng)解決問題的方法及詳細(xì)步驟。其根本結(jié)構(gòu)：第一局部：對要說明的現(xiàn)象或事物作簡潔介紹，引出主題。其次局部：依據(jù)肯定的挨次對要說明的現(xiàn)象或事物進(jìn)行客觀描述。第三局部：簡要總結(jié)全文。黃金表達(dá)常用的開頭語1．Weshouldcheckwhethershe/heisconsciousornot.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)檢查他/她是否糊涂。2．Ifapersonstopsbreathing,youmuststarthisbreathingatonce,usingamouthtomouthway.假如某人停止呼吸，你必需馬上進(jìn)行人工呼吸使他恢復(fù)呼吸。3．Ifapersonispoisonedbythegas,openthedoorsandwindowstoletthefreshairin.假設(shè)某人煤氣中毒，開門窗，通風(fēng)換氣。4．Ifsomeonehaseatenordrunkpoisonbymistake,takehimandthepoisontohospitalatonce.假設(shè)有人誤吃或誤喝有毒食品，帶著病人和馬上去醫(yī)院。(if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；祈使句)5．Ifapersonisbleedingbadly,pressacleanhandkerchieforapieceofclothonthebleedingpointandholditthere.假設(shè)某人大出血，用塊潔凈手帕或布壓在出血點(diǎn)，按住不放。主體局部常用表達(dá)1．Closehisnosewithyourfingersandbreatheintohismouthuntilhebeginstobreatheagain.用手指捏住他的鼻子，口對口吹氣，直到他恢復(fù)呼吸。2．Usethemouth-to-mouthmethodwithinfiveminutes.在五分鐘內(nèi)進(jìn)行人工呼吸。3．Don'tmovehimorher—leavehim/herwherehe/sheis.不要搬動他(她)，讓他(她)待在原地。4．Coverthewoundwithabandageorapieceofdrycleancloth.用繃帶或一塊潔凈的干布把傷口包扎起來。5．Washthewoundwithcoldrunningwater.用涼自來水沖洗傷口。6．Pleasecall120forambulanceatonce.請馬上撥打120叫搶救車。常用的結(jié)束語Thereisnodoubtthatweshouldknowsomeknowledgeoffirstaid.毫無疑問我們應(yīng)知道一些急救方面的學(xué)問。[寫作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)][題目要求]請依據(jù)以下提示寫一篇100詞左右的短文，簡要介紹一下對遇到心臟病等疾病突發(fā)(seizure)病人應(yīng)當(dāng)實(shí)行什么樣的措施。題目：FirstAidforSeizures急救過程中的考前須知：1．把四周的危急物體移開以免病人受到損害；不要移動病人，除非他們處于危急中。2．把病人的頭部用墊子墊起來。等病發(fā)結(jié)束后關(guān)心病人呼吸。3．在病人沒有完全恢復(fù)之前不要給他任何吃的或喝的東西，等病人完全恢復(fù)以后再離開。4．假如病情發(fā)作持續(xù)5分鐘以上，打叫搶救車。[三步作文法]第一步：搜尋單元詞匯1．很多 a_number_of2．生病 fall_ill3．緊急的 urgent4．有所影響；起作用 make_a_difference5．急救 first_aid其次步：巧用單元語法和句型1．日常生活中，我們有時遇到幾種這樣的狀況：人們患有心臟病或者突然生病。①Wesometimeseacrossanumberofcasesinourdailylife.In_these_casespeoplesufferfromheartattacksortheyfallillsuddenly.②Inourdailylife,wesometimeseacrossa_number_of_cases_wherepeoplesufferfromheartattacksortheyfallillsuddenly.2．毫無疑問我們應(yīng)知道一些急救方面的學(xué)問。①Weshouldknowsomeknowledgeoffirstaid.There_is_no_doubt_aboutit.②There_is_no_doubt_thatweshouldknowsomeknowledgeoffirstaid.3．不要移動病人，除非他們處于危急中。①Don'ttrytomovethepersonifheisn'tindanger.②Don'ttrytomovethepersonunlessheisindanger.4．在病人沒有完全恢復(fù)之前不要給他任何吃的或喝的東西。①Before_he_is_fully_recovered,_youshouldn'tgivethepersonanythingtoeatordrink.②Don'tgivethepersonanythingtoeatordrinkuntil_he_is_fully_recovered.第三步：連接過渡成篇FirstAidforSeizuresInourdailylife,wesometimeseacrossanumberofcaseswherepeoplesufferfromheartattacksortheyfallillsuddenly.Sothereisnodoubtthatweshouldknowsomeknowledgeoffirstaid.Thefollowingaresometipswecanfollowtohelpthesepeopleonurgentoccasions.Firstly,removeobjectsfromnearbytoprotecttheperson'sinjury.Don'ttrytomovethepersonunlessheisindanger.Secondly,cushionhisheadandaidbreathingbygentlyplacinghimintherecoverypositiononcetheseizurehasfinished.Thirdly,don'tgivethepersonanythingtoeatordrinkuntilheisfullyrecoveredandstaywiththepersonuntilrecoveryisplete.Iftheseizurecontinuesformorethanfiveminutes,callanambulanceimmediately.Ireallyhopethetipsabovewillmakeadifferencetoyou.Ⅰ.閱讀理解ASunstrokeisaconditionthatcanquicklygofromdangeroustodeadly,especiallyifpropercareisn'tgivenimmediately.Sunstroke,sometimescalledheatstroke,isaresultofthebodytemperaturerisingabovethesafelimit.Thiscausesthebody'snecessaryfunctionstostopworking.It'susuallyprettyeasytoavoidsunstroke,aslongasproperactionistaken.Inthatcase,youneedtoactasquicklyaspossibletoreturnthatperson'sbodytoasafetemperature.Hereareafewtipstohelptreatsunstroke.CallforhelpCalltogetanambulanceasquicklyaspossible.Thisshouldbethefirstthingyoudo,especiallyifthesunstrokepersonhasfainted(昏倒).Also,callforhelpfromanyonenearbyifyou'reinapublicplace.Ifthere'snoonearound,callsomeonenearbyiftheycangettheresoonerthananambulance.Askeveryonetobringyouasmuchwateraspossible,ifthereisn'tmuchnearby.GetthepersontoacoolerareaIfthere'sabuildingnearby,aimforthat.Anywherewithplentyofairconditionersandwaterisperfect.Ifabuildingisn'tavailable,bringthepersontoawell-shadedarea.GetthewaterflowingIfthepersonisstillconscious,gethimorhertodrinkwater.Ifthere'sabathtubavailable,fillitwithcoolwaterandputthepersoninit.Ifyourwatersupplyislimited,youhavetosaveit.Dampenatowelorshirtandputitontheperson'sbody.Focusontheface,neck,andchest.FanthepersonGettingmovingairoverthepersoncoolshimorherdown.Useanything,atowelorsheet,ashirt,yourhands,orapieceofboard.Thisiswherehavingmanypeoplearoundreallyhelps,astheycanbinetofantheentirebody.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中暑的危害以及中暑后的一些急救措施。1．Whendoesapersongetsunstroke?A．Whenthebodydoesn'tfunction.B．Whenpropercareisgivenimmediately.C．Whensomeoneisexposedtothesuntoolong.D．Whenthebodytemperaturegoesupbeyondwhatonecanbear.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的第一句可知，當(dāng)人體的體溫超過所能承受的平安極限時，就會中暑，即D項(xiàng)正確。2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?A．Callforassistancefromothers.B．Leavethesunstrokepersonintheshade.C．Putawettowelontheperson'sface.D．Helpthepersontakesomemedicine.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Callforhelp下的“callforhelpfromanyone〞可知A項(xiàng)正確；依據(jù)Getthepersontoacoolerarea中的第三句可知B項(xiàng)正確；依據(jù)Getthewaterflowing中的其次段的其次、三句可知C項(xiàng)正確；D項(xiàng)在文章中沒有提到。3．Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?A．Thefirstaidforsunstroke.B．Thecausesofsunstroke.C．Thechiefsymptomsofsunstroke.D．Theessentialpreventionofsunstroke.解析：選A主旨大意題。文章首先介紹了何為中暑以及中暑的危害，結(jié)合第三段的最終一句“Hereareafewtipstohelptreatsunstroke.〞可知，下文敘述的是中暑時需要實(shí)行的急救措施，即A項(xiàng)正確。4．Thetextprobablyesfroma(n)________.A．guidebook B．bookreviewC．medicalmagazine D．officialdocument解析：選C文章出處題。文章主要介紹了中暑以及中暑后如何急救的相關(guān)學(xué)問，故有可能選自一本醫(yī)學(xué)雜志，即C項(xiàng)正確。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五DoPeopleNeedSmallTalktoBeHappy?Psychologists(心理學(xué)家)havelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersisanimportantpartofhappiness,butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderexamination.Inonestudy,researchersfoundthatsmalltalkmadeuponly10%oftheirconversationrelatedwithhappiness.__1__Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding.Latelastyear,Princetonresearchersreportedthatsmalltalkkeepsclosenesswithlovedones,andisn'tmerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers.Still,chattingwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.Inaseriesofexperiments,psychologistsgaveChicagopassengersdifferentdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowpassengers—somethingtheytypicallyavoided.__2__Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrejected.Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedtooursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledat,madeeyecontactwith,andbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristas(咖啡師)reportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction(交易).__3__Onereportfoundthatwhenvolunteersbrokethesilencetochatwithgallerygoers,thevisitorsfelthappierandmoreconnectedtotheexhibitthanthosewhowerenotapproached.__4__Inonestudy,peoplewhowererated“l(fā)esscurious〞byresearchershadtroublegettingaconversationrollingontheirown,andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyweresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpersonaldisclosure(透露).Butpeoplewhowereconsidered“curious〞needednohelpwhentransformingconversationsaboutordinarythingsintopersonalexchanges.__5__A．Thesameistrueofgallerygoers.B．Butdon'tplaydownsmalltalkjustyet.C．Theyfoundthatsmalltalkisrelatedwithhappiness.D．Thosetoldtochatwithothersreportedamorepleasantjourney.E．Makingsmalltalkisanimportantskillforallthesocialsituations.F．A“curiousmindset〞，theauthorconcluded,canleadto“positivesocialinteractions〞．G．Ofcourse,somepeoplearebetterthanothersatturningsmalltalkintosomethingbigger.語篇解讀：閑談能夠促進(jìn)人與人之間的關(guān)系，使人變得歡樂。1．解析：選B設(shè)空前一句提到閑談只占與歡樂相關(guān)的對話的10%，設(shè)空后一句又提到科學(xué)家認(rèn)為閑談可以促進(jìn)人與人之間的關(guān)系，設(shè)空處應(yīng)說明要重視閑談，故B項(xiàng)(但不能貶低閑談)符合語境。2．解析：選D依據(jù)設(shè)空前一句可知，心理學(xué)家在芝加哥的乘客中做了一項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)，故此空應(yīng)描述試驗(yàn)結(jié)果，故D項(xiàng)(那些被告知要和其他人閑聊的乘客覺得旅途更開心)符合語境。3．解析：選A依據(jù)下文中的“gallerygoers〞定位至A項(xiàng)(這種狀況也同樣消失在常去畫廊的人身上)，分析設(shè)空前和設(shè)空后的兩個例子可知，兩者均是為了證明閑談能關(guān)心人們與四周環(huán)境產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。4．解析：選G依據(jù)下文中的“l(fā)esscurious〞和“curious〞可知，本段存在比擬關(guān)系，G項(xiàng)中的betterthan與之相照應(yīng)。應(yīng)選G項(xiàng)。5．解析：選F依據(jù)設(shè)空前一句可知，被認(rèn)為帶著“奇怪???心〞的人在把一般對話轉(zhuǎn)變成個人溝通時并不需要外在關(guān)心，故F項(xiàng)(作者得出結(jié)論：帶著奇怪???心往往會引起樂觀的社交互動)符合語境，該項(xiàng)中的curious及interactions與本段中的curious及closeness相照應(yīng)。Ⅲ.完形填空Notsolongago,aterriblefirebrokeoutinanapartmentinthecityofPitesti,justwestofBucharest.Innotime,__1__wereweledby5-meter-tallflamesandroaringsmoke.__2__，usingtheiradvancedequipment,theyquicklybroughtthebeastunder__3__.Theapartment'sownerMr.Petriandhislovelydog,Sandy,werethe__4__ofthebigfire.Localfirefightinghero,CostacheMugurel__5__hiswaythroughthecruelflamestorescuethemanandhispet.Mr.Petri,__6__injuredinthefire,wasrushedtohospital.Sandyfellover__7__breathingintoomuchsmokeandlifelesslylayontheroadside.Mugurel,rememberinghisCPR(心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù))training,passionately__8__thechestofthedog,desperatelytryingto__9__hislife.Andhebegantolosehopeaftermany__10__.Hewasphysicallyandmentally__11__.Finallyheperformedmouth-to-mouthonthedog,screaming“__12__getsleftbehind！〞Unexpectedlythedog__13__himselfandbeganpanting(喘氣).TheonlookingcrowdcheeredandMugurelbegantoweepwith__14__.Hehurriedlycarriedhimtotheawaitingvet(獸醫(yī))．Like__15__，thestoryofMugurelandhisnewfoundfriendspreadaroundthecity.HisFacebookwas__16__wordsofgratitude,lovingemoticons(表情符號)andnotesfromfriendsandfansalike.Accordingtovetexperts,recoveringanimalsviaCPRisrather__17__.TheAmericanHeartAssociationcalculatesthatonlylessthan6percentofcatsanddogssurviveifthey__18__heartattacks.Therehavebeenmanystoriesrelatedto__19__inPitesti,butnonehavecaughtthe__20__ofthepopulationquitelikeSandy's.語篇解讀：皮特什蒂發(fā)生了一次大火災(zāi)，在這次火災(zāi)中房主和他的寵物狗桑迪受了傷，消防員穆古雷爾對昏迷的桑迪進(jìn)行了心臟按壓、人工呼吸，最終把它從死亡的邊緣救回。這件事情感動了很多人。1．A.firefighters B．policemenC．friends D．neighbors解析：選A依據(jù)下文的“usingtheiradvancedequipment,theyquicklybroughtthebeastunder________〞可知，他們利用先進(jìn)的設(shè)備很快把火勢掌握住了。由此可知，此處指消防員(firefighters)，應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。policeman意為“警察〞；friend意為“伴侶〞；neighbor意為“鄰居〞。2．A.Therefore B．BesidesC．However D．Moreover解析：選C上文提到消防員馬上被5米高的大火和濃煙包圍，而設(shè)空后那么說利用先進(jìn)設(shè)備掌握了火勢，由此可知，上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。therefore意為“因此〞；besides意為“此外；而且〞；however意為“然而〞；moreover意為“此外〞。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。3．A.treatment B．controlC．stress D．way解析：選B此處指消防員利用先進(jìn)的設(shè)備將火勢掌握住了。undercontrol是固定搭配，意為“得到掌握〞，符合語境。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。4．A.causes B．resultsC．victims D．heroes解析：選C依據(jù)下文的“injuredinthefire〞可知，房主在大火中受了重傷，故他和他的寵物狗是這場大火的受害者(victims)。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。cause意為“緣由；理由〞；result意為“結(jié)果〞；hero意為“英雄〞。5．A.battled B．lostC．pushed D．got解析：選A依據(jù)設(shè)空后的“cruelflames〞可知，火勢兇狠，因此消防員是冒著極大的風(fēng)險沖進(jìn)火海的。battleone'sway意為“一路奮戰(zhàn)〞；loseone'sway意為“迷路〞；pushone'sway意為“擠過去〞；getone'sway意為“為所欲為〞。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。6．A.blindly B．hardlyC．slightly D．seriously解析：選D依據(jù)設(shè)空后的“wasrushedtohospital〞以及他的寵物狗躺在路邊沒有了生命跡象可以推想，男仆人受傷嚴(yán)峻(seriously)。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。blindly意為“盲目地〞；hardly意為“幾乎不〞；slightly意為“稍微地〞；seriously意為“嚴(yán)峻地〞。7．A.after B．beforeC．inspiteof D．incaseof解析：選A“fellover〞發(fā)生在“breathingintoomuchsmoke〞之后，即吸入了太多的濃煙之后倒地。after意為“在……之后〞，符合語境。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。before意為“在……之前〞；inspiteof意為“盡管〞；incaseof意為“萬一〞。8．A.patted B．beatC．examined D．touched解析：選B依據(jù)“rememberinghisCPR(心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù))training〞可知，他要給寵物狗做心臟復(fù)蘇，因此要拍打(beat)它的胸部。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。pat意為“輕拍〞；examine意為“檢查〞；touch意為“接觸；觸摸〞。9．A.careabout B．takeawayC．save D．stop解析：選C依據(jù)下文中提到的消防員為了搶救寵物狗而對它進(jìn)行人工呼吸可知，消防員迫切地要搶救寵物狗的生命。careabout意為“關(guān)懷〞；takeaway意為“拿走〞；save意為“挽救〞；stop意為“停止〞。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。10．A.beatings B．trainingsC．shouts D．a(chǎn)ttempts解析：選D依據(jù)上文他進(jìn)行心臟復(fù)蘇可知，消防員為救寵物狗進(jìn)行了屢次嘗試(attempts)。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。beating意為“痛打〞；training意為“訓(xùn)練；培訓(xùn)〞；shout意為“叫喊〞。11．A.relaxed B．exhaustedC．concerned D．troubled解析：選B屢次嘗試之后，他身心俱疲(exhausted)。relaxed意為“放松的〞；exhausted意為“疲乏的〞；concerned意為“關(guān)懷的〞；troubled意為“憂慮的；苦惱的〞。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。12．A.Somebody B．EverybodyC．Nobody D．Anybody解析：選C消防員對寵物狗進(jìn)行人工呼吸是由于不想放棄它的生命，因此他喊道：“一個都不能落下！〞應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。13．A.cameup B．cameoverC．cameout D．cameto解析：選D依據(jù)設(shè)空后的“beganpanting(喘氣)〞可知，寵物狗此時糊涂過來了。eup意為“走近；被提到；被想起〞；eover意為“來訪；訪問〞；eout意為“泄露；發(fā)行〞；etooneself意為“(昏迷后)醒來；恢復(fù)知覺〞。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。14．A.joy B．pityC．stress D．fright解析：選A經(jīng)過屢次嘗試，寵物狗最終醒過來了，人們歡呼雀躍，消防員應(yīng)當(dāng)是喜極而泣。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。15．A.wildfire B．windC．disasters D．sounds解析：選A消防員和寵物狗的故事很快傳遍了全城，就像野火一樣。wildfire意為“野火〞；wind意為“風(fēng)〞；disaster意為“災(zāi)難〞；sound意為“聲音〞。spreadlikewildfire為固定短語，因此，A項(xiàng)最符合語境。16．A.informedof B．linkedwithC．remindedof D．floodedwith解析：選D依據(jù)設(shè)空后的“wordsofgratitude,lovingemoticons(表情符號)andnotesfromfriendsandfansalike〞可知，這件事傳遍全城后，穆古雷爾的臉書網(wǎng)上滿是感謝的話語、可愛的表情符號和伴侶及粉絲的留言。beinformedof意為“通知〞；belinkedwith意為“與……有關(guān)〞；beremindedof意為“被提示〞；befloodedwith意為“布滿〞。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。17．Amon B．rareC．practical D．easy解析：選B依據(jù)獸醫(yī)說的話，這只寵物狗能活下來應(yīng)當(dāng)是比擬少見的(rare)，由于據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)只有不到6%的寵物狗或貓?jiān)诨夹呐K病之后能活下來。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。mon意為“常見的〞；practical意為“實(shí)際的〞；easy意為“簡潔的〞。18．A.cure B．a(chǎn)voidC．miss D．suffer解析：選D依據(jù)設(shè)空前的“survive〞及空后的“heartattacks〞可知，此處指患有心臟病。cure意為“治愈〞；avoid意為“防止〞；miss意為“錯過〞；suffer意為“患(病)〞。依據(jù)語境可知選D項(xiàng)。19．A.fires B．vetsC．dogs D．a(chǎn)ccidents解析：選C與最終的“l(fā)ikeSandy's〞相對應(yīng)，此處指有很多關(guān)于寵物狗的故事，但是沒有一個像桑迪的故事這樣吸引公眾的留意力。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。fire意為“火焰〞；vet意為“獸醫(yī)〞；accident意為“事故；意外〞。20．A.attention B．meaningC．breath D．heart解析：選A上文提到了消防員和寵物狗的故事快速傳遍了全城，由此可知，這只寵物狗的故事勝利吸引了公眾的留意力。catchone'sattention是固定搭配，意為“吸引某人的留意力〞。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。Ⅳ.語法填空Davidwillneverforgetwhathappenedtohimthedaybeforeyesterday.He__1__(eat)somethingathomewhenhereceivedastrangephonecallfromahospital.Thecallersaidhisson__2__(fall)tothegroundunconsciousonthewaytoschooland__3__itwashewhotookhimtohospital.Davidhungupandrushedtohisson'sclassroom,only__4__(find)himlisteningtotheteacherattentively.Hesuddenlyrealizedthathe__5__(cheat),buthefeltrelieved.Justatthattimethephonerangagain,saying,“Yoursonisingreatdangerandheneedsanimmediateoperationwhichcosts48,000yuan.Thedoctorsheresaytheywillnotoperateonyoursonuntiltheyarepaid.〞When__6__(ask)fromwherethecallerhadtakenhissontohospital,thecallerrangoff.Davidgaveabigsmileandsaid,“Whatapityitis！〞ThecheatermighthavethoughthecouldgetmoneyfromDavid.If__7__，hewaswrong.Suchphonecallsaremonthesedays,andmanyofDavid's__8__(colleague)havereceivedsimilarcallsrecently.Therefore,allparentsshouldbesensitive__9__suchtrickssoasnotto__10__(cheat)．語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。生活中存在一些騙子，他們通過打告知一些父母他們接的父母的孩子急需錢做手術(shù)等來騙取錢財(cái)。本文最終提示父母們不要上當(dāng)受騙。1.waseating依據(jù)下文的“whenhereceived...〞推斷主句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時，構(gòu)成固定句式bedoing...when...“正在做……這時……〞。2．hadfallen從句的動作fall發(fā)生在主句的謂語動作said之前，故應(yīng)用過去完成時。3．that用that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，and連接并列的賓語從句，此時其次個從句的連接詞that不能省略。4．tofind用不定式作結(jié)果狀語，表示結(jié)果出乎意料。5．hadbeencheated此處用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)，表示“被騙〞發(fā)生在“意識到〞之前。6．a(chǎn)skedthecaller與ask之間為被動關(guān)系，故填過去分詞。7．so依據(jù)前后文可知，此處為句式ifso“假如是這樣〞。8．colleagues由前面的manyof可知此處需用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。9．tobesensitiveto“對……敏感〞，為固定搭配。10．becheated該句主語是parents，應(yīng)當(dāng)是防止“被騙〞，故填becheated。Ⅴ.短文改錯Dearofficer，Iamwritingaskforyourhelp.ItakeFlightCA983fromBeijingtoLosAngelesyesterday.Ileftablackbagonmyseatbecauseofmycareless.Therearemanyimportantthingsinit,includemypassport,creditcardand$1,000.Andthemostimportantthingismynotebook,thathasallmyclients'phonenumbers.Thoughthisbagisveryimportanttome,myfriendsadvisedmetowritetohim.Hopeyoucanhelpmefindoutthelostbag.Iwillrealappreciateyourhelp.Ifyougetanyinformationsaboutmylostbag,pleasecontactmeat800－4006－2121.Yoursfaithfully，WillSmith答案：第一句：writing后加to其次句：take→took第三句：careless→carelessness第四句：include→including第五句：that→which第六句：Though→Since/Because;him→you第七句：去掉out第八句：real→really第九句：informations→information單元質(zhì)量檢測(五)(時間：100分鐘總分值：120分)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共15小題；每題2分，總分值30分)閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)。ALIPITORABOUTLIPITORLipitorisaprescriptionmedicine.Alongwithdietandexercise,itlowers“bad〞cholesterol(膽固醇)inyourblood.Itcanalsoraise“good〞cholesterol.Lipitorcanlowertheriskofheartattackinpatientswithseveralmonriskfactors,includingfamilyhistoryofearlyheartdisease,highbloodpressure,ageandsmoking.WHOISLIPITORFOR?WhocantakeLIPITOR：·Peoplewhocannotlowertheircholesterolenoughwithdietandexercise.·Adultsandchildrenover10.WhoshouldNOTtakeLIPITOR：·Womenwhoarepregnant,maybepregnant,ormaybeepregnant.Lipitormayharmyourunbornbaby.·Womenwhoarebreast-feeding.Lipitorcanpassintoyourbreastmilkandmayharmyourbaby.·Peoplewithliverproblems.POSSIBLESIDEEFFECTSOFLIPITORSerioussideeffectsinasmallnumberofpeople：Muscleproblemsthatcanleadtokidneyproblems,includingkidneyfailure.Liverproblems.YourdoctormaydobloodteststocheckyourliverbeforeyoustartLipitorandwhileyouaretakingit.Callyourdoctorrightawayifyouhave：·Unexplainedmusclepainorweakness,especiallyifyouhaveafeverorfeelverytired.·Swellingoftheface,lips,tongue,orthroatthatmaycausedifficultyinbreathingorswallowing.·Stomachpain.SomemonsideeffectsofLIPITORare：·Musclepain.·Upsetstomach.·Changesinsomebloodtests.HOWTOTAKELIPITORDo：·TakeLipitorasprescribedbyyourdoctor.·Trytoeatheart-healthyfoodswhileyoutakeLipitor.·TakeLipitoratanytimeofday,withorwithoutfood.·Ifyoumissadose(一劑),takeitassoonasyouremember.Butifithasbeenmorethan12hourssinceyoumissedadose,wait,takethenextdoseatyourregulartime.Don't·Donotchangeorstopyourdosebeforetalkingtoyourdoctor.·Donotstartnewmedicinebeforetalkingtoyourdoctor.語篇解讀：本文介紹了立普妥這種藥品的服用說明，包括適用人群、禁用人群、可能的副作用、如何處理副作用、怎樣服用等相關(guān)信息。1．WhatisthemajorfunctionofLipitor?A．Tohelpquitsmoking.B．Tolower“bad〞cholesterol.C．Toimproveunhealthydiet.D．Tocontrolbloodpressure.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)ABOUTLIPITOR中的“Alongwithdietandexercise,itlowers‘bad'cholesterol(膽固醇)inyourblood.〞可知，本句中的it指代Lipitor，它可以降低血液中的有害膽固醇。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。2．Ifithasbeenover12hourssinceyoumissedadose,youshould________.A．changetheamountofyournextdoseB．eatmorewhentakingyournextdoseC．haveadoseassoonasyourememberD．takethenextdoseatyourregulartime解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)HOWTOTAKELIPITOR局部中的“Butifithasbeenmorethan12hourssinceyoumissedadose,wait,takethenextdoseatyourregulartime.〞可知，假如你錯過服藥12小時，等著在固定時間服用下一劑。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。3．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toteachpatientswaysforquickrecovery.B．Topresentareportonascientificresearch.C．Toshowtheimportanceofagoodlifestyle.D．Togiveinformationaboutakindofmedicine.解析：選D寫作意圖題。本文介紹了立普妥這種藥品的適用人群、禁用人群、可能的副作用、如何處理副作用、怎樣服用等相關(guān)信息，因此，本文的意圖就是介紹一種藥的相關(guān)信息。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。BThistimelastyearIenteredtwolong-distancemass-participationswimmingevents,includingtheJubileeRiver10kmswim.Atthelastminute,justbeforebothswims,Idecidedtopullout.Therealityis,Iliveinfearofinglast.Lastyear,beforethetwoevents,IrealizedthatIcouldn'tdealwithinglast.Ihadlookedattheswimtimesofthosewhohadpletedthepreviousyearandcalculatedthat,atmycurrentswimpace,Iwouldprobablyhaveelastinboth.Ijustcouldn'tfaceit.Butwhennextyearcamearound,Idecidedtoenterthosesameeventsagain.Forafewmonths,Itrainedhard,butIdidn'tgetanyfaster.ThenitwasJune5,thedayoftheJubileeRiver10km.Theeventstartedat9：30a．m.,andtheswimmerswereanxiousandeagertostart.AsIswamalong,theriverwasquietandcleanandeverythingwaspeaceful.Thesunshone.Meadows(草地)rolledbyandeverynowandthensomeonewouldwaveatthesceneunfoldinginthewater.Asthedayworeon,somehowIdidn'tmindthat,predictably,almosteveryonewasahead.Therewereatleastsomeswimmersstillnearme,andalthoughwesharedthesameriverwequietlyoccupiedourownspaces.AsIconcentratedondoingmyownthing,watchingthesky,thebank,theotherswimmingcapspassingornotpassing,IrealizedIwasenjoyingmyself.Intheend,fourhoursand29minutesafterI'dstarted,Istaggered(搖搖擺晃地走)outofthewaterandwasgreetedwithasmileanda“welldone〞fromtheraceorganizer.Iglancedbackovermyshouldertowardthewaterandnoticedthattherewereasmallhandfulofswimmerswhowerestilltofinish,behindme,outofafieldofaround300swimmers.Butitdidn'tmatter.I_was_just_relieved,_proud_and_happy_to_finish.AsIdroveaway,mythoughtsturnedtomynextlongraceoftheseasonandhowmuchIwaslookingforwardtoit,myfearsofinglastgentlyreceding(慢慢遠(yuǎn)去)．語篇解讀：作者通過描述自己參與游泳競賽的經(jīng)受告知我們：最終一名并不行怕，關(guān)鍵是要學(xué)會享受競賽的過程。4．Theauthorintendedtoquitswimmingmainlybecause______.A．shefearedthatshecouldn'tfinishthetworacesB．shewasafraidthatshewouldletfamilymembersdownC．shewasunwillingtoacceptthepossibilityoffinishinglastD．shewasn'tfullypreparedforthetworaces解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句可知，作者放棄競賽是由于可怕自己是最終一名。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)(她不愿接受成為最終一名的可能性)。5．Theauthorhopestoconveythemessagethat________.A．nevergiveupwhenfacingchallengesB．itisprocessthatmattersmostC．failureisthemotherofsuccessD．winnersalwaystakeitall解析：選B推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最終一句可知，在游泳的過程中，當(dāng)作者關(guān)注自己的事情時，無論別人游得快慢，作者都不介意，并且意識到自己樂在其中。所以作者想要傳達(dá)給我們的信息是：過程最重要。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。6．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph5?A．Shetookprideinleavingalltheotherswimmersbehind.B．Shewasproudthatshewasnotthelastoneintherace.C．Shewasgladtofinishtheraceandhadasenseofrelief.D．Shewasproudtobepraisedbytheorganizer.解析：選C句意理解題。依據(jù)畫線前一句“Butitdidn'tmatter.〞可知，relieved意為“減輕的；緩和的〞，這和C項(xiàng)中的asenseofrelief(解脫感)意思相符；proudandhappytofinish在句中作伴隨狀語。該句意為“我只是松了一口氣，為自己完成競賽感到傲慢和歡樂〞。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。7．Itcanbeinferredfromtheendthattheauthorislikelyto________.A．participateinanotherracewithoutanyhesitationB．a(chǎn)nalyzethereasonwhyshefailedintheraceC．loseconfidencepletelyD．decidewhethersheissuitablefortherace解析：選A推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“mythoughtsturnedtomynextlongraceoftheseasonandhowmuchIwaslookingforwardtoit〞可知，作者期望著參與下一次競賽，應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)(毫不遲疑地參與另一次競賽)。CPatientsintheearlystagesofAlzheimer'sdiseaseoftenstruggletorememberrecentlylearnedinformation,meaningtheyforgetthingslikeimportantappointmentsorwheretheylefttheirkeys.Butitseemsthatthesememoriesarenotlost.Theyarestillfiledawayinthebrainsomewhere;theyjustcan'tbeeasilyaccessed.Now,researchersatMIThavedevelopedameansofgettingbackmemoriesinmicesufferingfromAlzheimer's.Themethodreliesonatechniquethatuseslighttocontrolgeneticallymodifiedneurons(轉(zhuǎn)基因神經(jīng)元).Currentlyitistooearlytobeusedinhumantrialsasitinvolvesinsertinglightemitting(發(fā)光)equipmentintothesubjects'brains,butthesameprinciplesstillapply,theresearcherssaid.“Theimportantpointisthatthisisevidenceofconcept.Thatis,evenifamemoryseemstobegone,itisstillthere.It'samatterofhowtogetitback，〞saidseniorresearcherSusumuTonegawa.Theteamtooktwogroupsofmice,onegeneticallyengineeredtodevelopAlzheimer'sandonehealthy.Theythenplacedthemintoaroomandgavethemamildelectricshock.Allofthemiceshowedfearwhenputbackinanhourlater.Whenplacedintheroomathirdtimeseveraldayslater,theAlzheimer'smiceactednormally.Theyhadforgottentheshock.Theresearcherswerethenabletobringbackthememoryoftheshockbyactivating(激活)thecellsinwhichthememorieswerestored.Evenwhenthemicewereputintoanunfamiliarroom,theyshowedfearwhenthecellsassociatedwiththeshockwereactivated.“Short-termmemoryseemstobenormal,ontheorderofhours.Butforlong-termmemory,theseearlyAlzheimer'smiceseemtobedamaged，〞saidleadresearcherDheerajRoy.“Directlyactivatingthecellsthatwebelieveareholdingthememoryhelpsthemgetitback.Thissuggeststhatitisindeedanaccessproblemtotheinformation,notthatthey'reunabletolearnorstorethismemory.〞語篇解讀：通過對老鼠的試驗(yàn)討論，討論者發(fā)覺在患有阿爾茨海默癥的老鼠身上，能夠通過激活儲存記憶的細(xì)胞，使老鼠重得記憶。8．WhatcanwelearnabouttheresearchersatMIT?A．Theyarethepioneersofbrainresearch.B．Theyhaveusedthemethodinhumantrials.C．TheycancureAlzheimer'susingthenewmethod.D．TheycangetbackmemoriesinmicewithAlzheimer's.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第一句可知，麻省理工學(xué)院的討論者已研發(fā)出一種使患有阿爾茨海默癥的老鼠恢復(fù)記憶的方法。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。9．WhydidtheAlzheimer'smicebehavenormallyathirdtime?A．Theyfailedtoremembertheelectricshock.B．Theywereaccustomedtothesituation.C．Theymanagedtooverethefear.D．Theyactivatedtheassociationautomatically.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段最終兩句可知，患有阿爾茨海默癥的老鼠的行為正常，是由于它們已經(jīng)忘了電擊的苦痛。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。10．Forlong-termmemory,theearlyAlzheimer'smice________.A．cantransformtheirbraincellsB．can'tlearnnewtrickswellC．caneasilygetbacktheirmemoryD．can'taccesstheinformationstored解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Butforlong-termmemory...seemtobedamaged〞和“itisindeedanaccessproblemtotheinformation〞可知，處在阿爾茨海默癥早期的老鼠對于長期記憶不能獵取儲存的信息。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。11．Themainpurposeofthetextisto________.A．introduceamethodofaresearchB．reportthelatestdiscoveryaboutadiseaseC．giveadviceonhowtoimprovememoryD．explainhowthebrainstoresinformation解析：選B寫作目的題。本文主要介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院的討論者們對阿爾茨海默癥的新討論，因此，本文的寫作目的是介紹阿爾茨海默癥的最新討論。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。DWheneversomethinglooksinterestingorbeautiful,thereisanaturaldesireofustocaptureandpreserveit—whichmeans,inthisdayandage,thatwearelikelytoreachforourphonestotakeapicture.Thoughthiswouldseemtobeanidealsolution,therearetwobigproblemsassociatedwithtakingpictures.Firstly,wearelikelytobesobusytakingpicturesthatweforgettolookattheworldwhosebeautyandinterestencourageustotakeaphotographinthefirstplace.Andsecondly,becausewefeelthepicturesaresafelystoredonourphones,wenevergetaroundtolookingatthem,sosurearewethatwe'llgetaroundtothemoneday.ThefirstpersontonoticetheproblemswastheEnglishartcritic,JohnRuskin.Hewasakeentravelerwhorealizedthatmosttouristsmakeapoorjobofnoticingorrememberingthebeautifulthingstheysee.Hearguedthathumanshaveanaturaltendencytorespondtobeautyanddesiretohaveit,buttherearebetterandworseexpressionsofthisdesire.Atworse,wegetintobuyingsouvenirsortakingphotographs.But,inRuskin'seyes,there'sjustonethingweshoulddo—attemptingtodrawtheinterestingthingswesee,regardlessofwhetherwehappentohaveanytalentfordoingso.Ruskinsaid,“Drawingcanteachustosee:tonoticeproperlyratherthangazeabsent-mindedly.Intheprocessofrecreatingwithourownhandwhatli