高考英語-賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法復(fù)習(xí)課件

賓語補(bǔ)足(bǔzú)語的用法第一頁，共18頁。英語的五個基本(jīběn)結(jié)構(gòu)S十V 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十P 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)說明：S＝主語；V＝謂語；P＝表語；O＝賓語；O1＝間接賓語；O2＝直接賓語；C＝賓語補(bǔ)足語第二頁，共18頁。1．S十V句式Herunsquickly．他跑得快。2．S十V十P句式：Thestorysoundsinteresting．這個故事聽起來有趣。3．S十V十O句式Theybuiltahouselastyear．他們?nèi)ツ杲艘凰孔印?．S十V十O1十O2句式Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattome．他把座位讓給我。5．S十V十O十C句式Theyfoundherhappythatday．他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興。Ifoundhimout．我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。TheynamedtheboyCharlie．他們給這個男孩起名為查理。Isawhimcomeinandgoout．我見他進(jìn)來(jìnlái)又出去。Theyfeltthecarmovingfast．他們感到汽車行駛得很快。Hefoundthedoorofstudyclosedtohim．他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究所的大門對他關(guān)閉了。第三頁，共18頁。一、可以充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足(bǔzú)語的詞和詞組有：1、名詞：Wemadehimourmonitor.Theythoughtthisgoodadvice.TheynamedtheirdaughterJenny.注①：常用名詞充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,feel等。注②：充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的名詞若表示(biǎoshì)正式的或獨一無二的頭銜、職位時，前面一般不用冠詞，如：TheyelectedJohnchairmanofthecommittee.第四頁，共18頁。2、形容詞：Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.We’dbetterleavethedooropen.注：常用形容詞充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足(bǔzú)語的動詞有：believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,have,leave,以及paint,drive,turn,cut等。3、現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)分詞：I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Atthismomentshenoticedtheteachercomingin.一、可以充當(dāng)賓語(bīnyǔ)補(bǔ)足語的詞和詞組有：第五頁，共18頁。5、過去分詞：HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.Lastyeartheyhadtheirhouserebuilt.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.6．此外，副詞和介詞短語也可以充當(dāng)(chōngdāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：Whendoyouwantitback?Whydidn’tyouinvitethemin?Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.4、動詞(dòngcí)不定式：Nobodycouldmakehimchangehismind.Wouldyoulikemetocomealongwithyou?Hebelievedtheearthtobeaglobe.一、可以(kěyǐ)充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞和詞組有：第六頁，共18頁。二、賓語(bīnyǔ)和其補(bǔ)足語之間的邏輯關(guān)系：1、當(dāng)名詞、形容詞、副詞(fùcí)和介詞短語充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語時，它們和賓語之間有著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系（或稱表語關(guān)系），若無賓語補(bǔ)足語，則句意不完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語說明賓語的情況、性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)、身份或?qū)兕惖?。試比較：Wemadehimourmonitor.(Heisourmonitor.)Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.(Yourroomiscleanandtidy.)Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.(Thechildrenareatplayoutside.)第七頁，共18頁。二、賓語(bīnyǔ)和其補(bǔ)足語之間的邏輯關(guān)系：3、當(dāng)過去分詞充當(dāng)(chōngdāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語時，它與賓語之間有著動賓關(guān)系，即：賓語是過去分詞所表示的動作的承受者，如：IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)Ididn’twantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.)第八頁，共18頁。三、在用現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)分詞或不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞中，有些只能用現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語；有些只能用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語；還有的動詞既能用現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)分詞又可用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：1、只能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(bīnyǔ)補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如：Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.2、只能(zhīnénɡ)用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,trust,encourage,let,allow,permit,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,remind,ask,invite,beg,request,worry,advise,persuade,callon,tell,order,command,require,make,force,drive,forbid,warn,help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,waitfor//think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等。3、既能用現(xiàn)在分詞又可用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：see,watch,notice,lookat,observe,listento,hear,feel,have,imagine,discover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leave等。第九頁，共18頁。四、使用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，不定式符號to的取舍(qǔshě)問題：1、在hear,listento,let,have,make,see,watch,notice,observe等動詞(dòngcí)后的不定式需省去to。2、feel一詞，跟tobe型不定式帶to；跟todo型不定式不帶to。3、help一詞后的不定式，可帶to，也可以不帶to。（請參見(cānjiàn)“動詞不定式”一節(jié)）第十頁，共18頁。五、在復(fù)合賓語中，賓語通常為名詞或代詞，但有時也可以用不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或that從句來充當(dāng)(chōngdāng)。這時，應(yīng)使用先行it代替賓語，而將真正的賓語移到句子的后部，如：Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldn’tjoinus.注意：在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語(bīnyǔ)補(bǔ)足語通常為名詞或形容詞；常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：feel,find,think,make,take,judge,consider等。第十一頁，共18頁。Practice第十二頁，共18頁。單句(dānjù)改錯Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimselfunderstand.WeallelectedJasonthemonitor.Theteacheraskedusnotmakesomuchnoise.---Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace!---DuringthewinterIlikemyhousewarmlyandcomfortable.understoodtowarm第十三頁，共18頁。5.Don’tleavethewaterrunwhileyoubrushyourteeth.6.Hepushedthedooropening.7.Shelookedaroundandcaughtamanputhishandintothepocketofapassenger.8.Withalotofdifficultproblemssettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.9.WhenIcamein,Ifoundaboyhidebehindthedoor.10.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdiedofhisworksunfinished.runningopenputtingtohiddenwith第十四頁，共18頁。Tellhim_____thewindow.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut2.----There’saholeinyourbag.----Iknow,I’mgoingtohaveit_____.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhim_____acrosstheenemyline.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing單項選擇(xuǎnzé)第十五頁，共18頁。5.Ifoundthedoor_____whenIgothome.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim___.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donotto7.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise____.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.settled

B.settling

C.tosettle

D.beingsettled9.Iadvised_____atonce.