模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專業(yè)英語-第2版課件

Unitone

Lesson2HeatTreatmentofToolSteels教學(xué)目標(biāo)及要求

1.掌握課文中有關(guān)熱處理方面的專業(yè)詞匯和專業(yè)術(shù)語；

2.結(jié)合熱處理的相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)閱讀課文，提高翻譯能力。重點(diǎn)

1.有關(guān)熱處理的專業(yè)詞匯和專業(yè)術(shù)語；

2.翻譯課文：熱處理的原理;

熱處理的類型;

熱處理的步驟。難句分析及翻譯的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

Part（Ⅰ）翻譯的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)簡(jiǎn)介二、翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專業(yè)英語第2版ppt課件教學(xué)思路設(shè)計(jì)

時(shí)間分配（共100min）：

1.講解課文中的專業(yè)詞匯和術(shù)語；

2.講解課后生詞、大聲朗讀；

3.翻譯課文，注意穿插相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)；

4.分析難點(diǎn)句型，講解相關(guān)翻譯基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)；

5.學(xué)生答疑。

模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專業(yè)英語第2版ppt課件ContentsBackgroundKnowledgeNewWordsandPhrasedTextAnalysisQuestionsGlossaryofTermsLanguagePoints&TranslatingTechniquesReadingMaterialsSummaryReferences模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專業(yè)英語第2版ppt課件ThePrinciplesofHeatTreatmentHeattreatmentconsistsofHeating-UpandCooling-Downprocess.HeatingupthesteelwillchangethemicrostructuretoAustenite.CoolingdownthesteelatdifferentcoolingrateswillchangethemicrostructurefromAustenitetodifferentstructurescorrespondingly.ChangeinMicrostructuresresultinchangeinmechanicalproperties.BackgroundKnowledge模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專業(yè)英語第2版ppt課件Byheattreatment,wecanchangethemechanicalpropertiesofmouldsandmachinecomponentstoourdesiredstate.Forexample,tohardenthemouldwillincreasestrengthandwearresistanceresultinginlongermouldlife.Toannealahardsteelbarwillsoftenittoastategoodformachining.Tonormalizeasteelbarwilltoughenittoastategoodforimpact.

模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專業(yè)英語第2版ppt課件NewWordsandExpressionsTerms：

1.Heattreating熱處理

normalize正火

spheroidiz球化處理

anneal退火

harden淬火

temper回火

caseharden表面淬火

stressrelieving應(yīng)力消除熱處理

carburize滲碳

quench-hardening淬火硬化模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專業(yè)英語第2版ppt課件NewWordsandExpressionsTerms：

2.Iron-carbonequilibriumdiagram鐵碳平衡相圖

ferrite鐵素體

austenite奧氏體

pearlite珠光體

carbide碳化物

bainite貝氏體

martensite馬氏體

liquid液態(tài)

delta-ironα-鐵

alpha-ironβ-鐵

gamma-ironγ-鐵模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專業(yè)英語第2版ppt課件Iron-carbonequilibriumdiagram

Time-temperaturetransformation(TTT)diagrams

AContinuouscoolingtransformation(CCT)curvecomparedtoTTTdiagram亞微觀的；普通顯微鏡下看不出來的TemperingDuringtempering,martensiteundergoesatransformationprocessfromthatofcarbonatomssupersaturatedinirontoastructuretermedtemperedmartensitewhichconsistsofhighlydispersedsubmicroscopiccarbideparticlesinaferritematrix.Theextentofincreaseinductilityhencetoughnessandthecorrespondingreductioninhardnessandstrengthisafunctionoftemperingtemperatureandtime.

回火；調(diào)和AnnealingIfasteelbariscooledslowlyinafurnacefromatemperatureaboveitsuppercriticaltemperaturetoatemperaturebelowthelowercriticaltemperature,thestructureofthesteelwillbecomeferriteandcementiteagain.Thissteelconsistsofasomewhatcoarsergrainstructurethatislowinstrength,highinductileandsoft.Thisprocessofheattreatmentiscalled'Annealing'.退火，緩冷，韌化正火NormalizingHowever,insteadofcoolinginfurnaceasdescribedabove,thesteelistakenoutfromthefurnaceandcooledinstillair,itistermed'Normalizing'.Anormalizedsteelbarpossesseshigherstrengthandtoughnessthanitsannealedcounterpart.對(duì)應(yīng)物，配對(duì)物Quench-HardeningIfasteelbarisrapidlycooledfromit'suppercriticaltemperaturebyplungingitintoacoolantsuchaswateroroil(termedquenching),theeffectistotransformtheausteniteintoastructurecalled'martensite'.Martensiteisaveryhard,butbrittleconstituentofsteel.Forsteelshavingacarboncontentlessthan0.8%,atemperatureatbetween30degCto50degCabovetheuppercriticaltemperature(723degC)isusedforquenchingandtheresultingstructurecomprisesmartensiteandferrite.TheHeatTreatmentProcessBasically,HeatTreatmentjustconsistsofheatingupandcoolingdownprocess.Theseprocesscanbefurtherdividedintofoursteps.OneStep1

ConstructionofTime-Temperature-TransformationDiagram(TTT)andContinuousCoolingTransformationsDiagram(CCT)TTTDiagrams-canbequiteusefulindeterminingthekineticsoftransformationandthenatureoftheproducts.Thecurveshowsthetimerequiredtocompletethetransformationatthattemperature.OneStep2CCTDiagrams-AlthoughtheTTTdiagramscanprovideusefulinformationaboutthestructuresobtainedthroughnon-equilibriumthermalprocessing,theyarenotrigorouslyapplicabletoengineeringapplicationsbecausetheassumptionsofinstantaneouscoolingfromelevatedtemperatureisfarmorerealistic,andadiagramshowingtheresultsofcontinuouscoolingatvariousrateswouldbefarmoreuseful.TwoStepsThesecondstepisaheatingoperationdesignedtoproduceanelevatedtemperaturehomogeneoussingle-phasesolidsolution.Theheatingshouldnotexceedtheeutectictemperatureortheremightbemeltingifacoredstructurewerepresent.

ThreeAndFourStepsAftersoakingtoassureauniformchemistrysinglephase,thealloyiscooled.Thecoolingrateofthealloydependsonthepropertyofmetalrequired.Theheattreatedmaterialisthenleftfordiffusion.Diffusionisnecessarytoconverttheunstablesupersaturatedsolutionintothestablestructure.

SurfaceHardeningFormanyengineeringpurposesitisdesirableforpartstohaveahardsurfacetoresistwearandabrasionandtheinnerportionremainssoftandtoughtosustainimpactloading.Thisdepthofthehardenedsurfaceisnormallyfrom0.0001mmtoafewmmdependingonapplications.Thesepropertiescanbeobtainedbysurfacehardeningwhichisgenerallydividedintothefollowingthreetypes:Gascarburizing

NitridingMethodPrincipleofInductionHardening

QuestionsWhatprocessisusedtoremovetheinternalstressescreatedduringahardeningoperation?Whatheattreatingprocessmakesthemetalliccarbidesinametalformintosmallroundedglobules?Whatarethemainpurposesofheattreating?Howmanyheattreatingprocessesareinvolvedinferrousmaterials?GlossaryofTerms1．Hardenability淬透性2．hardenabilitycurve淬透性曲線3．hardeningcapacity淬硬性（硬化能力）4．hardnessprofile硬度分布（硬度梯度）5．heattreatmentprocedure熱處理規(guī)范6．heattreatmentinstallation熱處理設(shè)備7．heattreatmentfurnace熱處理爐8．heattreatmentcycle熱處理工藝周期9．heattime加熱時(shí)間10．heatsystem加熱系統(tǒng)11．heatinguptime升溫時(shí)間12．heatingcurve加熱曲線

13．hightemperaturecarburizing高溫滲碳

14．hightemperaturetempering高溫回火

15．isothermaltransformation等溫轉(zhuǎn)變

16．isothermalannealing等溫退火

17．interruptedageingtreatment分級(jí)時(shí)效處理

18．localheattreatment局部熱處理

19．overheatedstructure過熱組織

20．packcarburizing固體滲碳

21．oxynitrocarburizing氧氮碳共滲

22．partialannealing不完全退火

23．spheroidizedstructure球化組織

24．recrystallizationtemperature再結(jié)晶溫度Example1:

Thiscombinationofheatingandcontrolledcoolingdeterminesnotonlythenatureanddistributionofthemicroconstituents,whichinturndeterminetheproperties,butalsothegrainsize.

（在熱處理過程中），加熱與冷卻控制相結(jié)合的方法不僅決定著材料中微觀組織的分布和性質(zhì)（進(jìn)而決定了該材料的性能），而且也決定了材料內(nèi)部晶粒的大小。句中第一個(gè)and連接的是heating和controlledcooling，第二個(gè)and連接的是nature和distribution，而whichinturndeterminetheproperties為非限定性定語從句,修飾thenatureanddistribution。LanguagePoints&TranslatingTechniquesExample2:

Withmostofthemediumcarbonforgingsteels,alloyedandunalloyed,normalizingishighlyrecommendedafterforgingandbeforemachiningtoproducemorehomogeneousstructures,andinmostcases,improvedmachinability.

對(duì)于大多數(shù)中碳鍛鋼來說，不管它是否合金化，在鍛造后或加工前通常推薦采用正火處理工藝，這樣有利于形成更均勻的組織，并且在大多數(shù)情況下可改善材料的切削加工性能。句首的介詞with短語意為“對(duì)……來說”；inmostcases可譯為“在大多數(shù)情況下”。

二、翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)翻譯的任務(wù)在于準(zhǔn)確而完整地介紹原文的思想內(nèi)容，使讀者對(duì)原文的思想內(nèi)容有正確的理解。然而，怎樣才算是準(zhǔn)確、完整的翻譯呢？要解決這個(gè)問題，就需要有一個(gè)共同的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。談到翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不免要提到嚴(yán)復(fù)的“信、達(dá)、雅”。嚴(yán)復(fù)在他的一部譯著的前言中提出了“信、達(dá)、雅”。“信”就是忠實(shí)原文，“達(dá)”就是表達(dá)清楚，“雅”即是文字文雅。后來，魯迅先生在此基礎(chǔ)上又提出了“信”和“順”這兩條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。“信”和“順”，即“忠實(shí)”、“通順”，今天已成為公認(rèn)的兩條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)了。Example3:“忠實(shí)”是指譯文的思想內(nèi)容必須忠實(shí)于原文，這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)科技英語尤為重要，因?yàn)榭萍甲髌返娜蝿?wù)在于準(zhǔn)確而系統(tǒng)地論述科學(xué)技術(shù)問題，它要求高度的準(zhǔn)確性，特別是對(duì)術(shù)語、定義、定理和結(jié)論的翻譯更應(yīng)重視。然而，忠實(shí)原文并不是形式上保持原文，而是內(nèi)容上保持原文。翻譯時(shí)切忌逐字死譯，這樣會(huì)有損原意。請(qǐng)看例句：Aroughingcutisusuallytobefollowedbyafishingcut.粗切削通常要被精切削跟隨。譯文的毛病在于雖然詞類或句子成分都與原文一致，保持了原文的形式，但卻失去了原文的精神。若譯成“粗切之后，通常還要精切”才算忠實(shí)原文。翻譯的第二條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是“通順”?！巴槨笔侵缸g文的語言形式必須符合漢語規(guī)范，翻譯時(shí)要按照漢語的語法規(guī)律和習(xí)慣來遣詞造句，做到通順易懂。但要指出，“通順”是在“忠實(shí)”的前提下，任何“順而不信”都是不行的，屬于亂譯?？聪旅嬉粋€(gè)例子：Thefoundationofthemachineshouldnotbeconstructedataplaceofconspicuoustemperaturechange,duetodirectsunshine,excessiveheat