音樂術(shù)語大全

一、速度.慢速類Lento約二52慢板Adagio約=56柔板多用于奏鳴曲中段樂章和浪漫派樂曲抒情樂章.中速類Andante約=66行板Moderate約=88中速多用于奏鳴曲中段樂章和浪漫派樂曲抒情樂章3快速類Allegretto約=108小快板Allegro約=132快板Presto約=184急板多用于奏鳴曲1.3樂章和練習(xí)曲等.速度改變類rit漸慢temporubato自由速度，但總時值符合基本速度（這就是肖邦作品中最難的東西）atempo回原速piumosso稍快menomosso稍慢二、力度.強和弱echo回音，III聲eleventh~\—度Englishhorn英國管enharmonicintervals等音程enharmonicnotes等音ensemble合奏(團體)equalizer均衡器estudio,etude練習(xí)曲etude練習(xí)曲euphonium尤風(fēng)寧號exposition呈示部Expressionism表現(xiàn)主義falsechord假和弦resolution解決fantasia幻想曲fifth五度fingerboard指板firstinversion第一轉(zhuǎn)位five-partform五段式fixed-do固定唱名法movable-do音調(diào)唱名法flat降調(diào)flat降號flute長笛four-lineoctave小字四組(four-line)four-partform四段式fourthchord四度和弦fourth四度foxtrot狐步舞Frenchhorn圓號，法國號frequency頻率fret品行fugue賦格functionalharmony功能和聲fundamental(tone)?#(firstpartial)Gallagher,KevinR.凱文蓋拉格［美國］gigue吉格glissando滑音glockenspiel鐘琴gong鑼Goni,Antigoni安提戈尼戈尼［希臘］govotte加沃特Granada格拉納達(西班牙地名)grave極慢板(40拍/分鐘)greatC大字組Cguitar吉他guitarist吉他演奏家，吉他手guitarra吉他，吉他拉h(huán)abanera哈巴涅拉h(huán)alfcadence半終止half-tone半音harmonicanalysis和聲分析harmonicinterval和聲音程harmonicsequence和聲模進harmonic和聲的harmony和聲學(xué)harp豎琴harpsichord撥弦古鋼琴head符頭head,headstock琴頭hemidemisemiquaver六十四分音符(sixty?fourthnote,美)homophonicmusic主調(diào)音樂homophony主調(diào)hook符尾(tail)imperfectcadence不完全終止ImpressionismE[]象主義instrumentalmusic器樂instrumentation樂器法intensity強度intermezzo間奏曲interlude間奏(曲)interruptedcadence阻礙終止interval音程invention創(chuàng)意曲inversion轉(zhuǎn)位(complement)invertedmordent逆波司lowermord6m;invertedturn回音irregularmeter(不規(guī)則)混合拍子(7/4,11/7)jazz爵士樂justintonation純律kettledrum定音鼓keysignature調(diào)號key調(diào)keyboard鍵盤（樂）lacquer硝基漆，日本漆larghetto小廣板（60拍/分鐘）largo廣板（46拍/分鐘）leadingtone（VII）導(dǎo)音，導(dǎo)和弦（subtonic）legato連音,連奏l(xiāng)egerline（s）力口線（ledgerline（s））lento慢板（52拍/分鐘）line線loudness響度lullaby搖籃曲lute疏特琴lyra樂徽lyricsoprano抒情女高音madrigal牧歌maestoso莊板（88拍/分鐘）magicflute魔笛mahogany桃花心木，紅木major大調(diào)majortriad大三和弦major大（音程）major大調(diào)march進行曲marimba瑪林巴mass彌撒mazurka瑪祖卡McFadden,Jeffrey杰夫瑞麥克法登［加拿大］mediant。II）中音，中音和弦melodiccontour旋律輪廓melodicinterval旋律音程melodicprogression旋律進行melodicsequence旋律模進melodic旋律的melody旋律meter拍子（time）metronome節(jié)拍器Metronome節(jié)拍機（M.M.二Malzel';s~）mezzosoprano次女高音，女中音Microtonalism微分音主義minim二分音符（halfnote,美）Minimalism省略（簡約）主義minor小調(diào)minortriad小三和弦minor小（音程）minor小調(diào)minuet小步舞曲mode調(diào)式（狹指教會調(diào)式;廣指調(diào)式）moderato中板（96拍/分鐘）modulation轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)monophonicmusic單聲部音樂mordent波音(uppermordent)motive動機movement樂章movement樂章multi-meter改變拍子musicalform曲式musicalinstrument樂器musicaltone樂音Nationalisminmusic民族樂派naturalhalf-tone自然半音naturaltone自然全音natural自然的nature還原號intonation音準neck琴頸neighboringtone協(xié)助音(auxiliarytone,upperorlower)Neoclassicism新古典主義ninthchord九和弦ninth九度nocturn夜曲noise噪音notation記譜法rote(s)音符nut琴馬oboe雙簧管octave八度octave八度one-linedoctave/J、字一組(one?line)one-partform一段式，一部曲式opera歌劇opus(Op.)作品oratorio清唱劇orchestra管弦樂隊orchestra管弦樂隊orchestration配器法organ風(fēng)琴ornament(s)裝飾音overtoneseries泛音歹Uovertone(s)泛音overture序曲Paganini,Niccolo尼古羅帕格尼尼［意大利］Papandreou,Elena艾琳娜帕潘德里歐［希臘］parallelkeys同主音調(diào)Parkening,Christopher克里斯托弗帕肯寧［美國］partial(s)分音(partialtone)passacaglia帕薩卡利亞passion受難曲pause延長號(hold,fermata)pedal踏板peg弦軸pentatonic五聲的percussion(s)打擊樂perfectcadence完全終止perfect完全，純（音程）period樂段phrase樂句phrasing分句piano鋼琴piccolo短笛pick拾音器pipeorgan管風(fēng)琴pitchname音名pitch音高plagalcadence變格終止Platino,Franco富蘭科普拉提諾［意大利］podium指揮臺Pointillism點描派polka波爾卡polonaise波洛涅茲polyphonicmusic復(fù)調(diào)音樂polyphony復(fù)調(diào)polytonality多調(diào)性Ponce,Manuel馬努埃龐塞［墨西哥］prelude前奏曲prelude前奏（曲）presto急板（184拍/分鐘）Primitivism原始主義programmusic標題音樂psychoacoustics心理聲學(xué)puretone純音purfling鑲邊,環(huán)飾quadruplemeterfsjHtt-？f^^/A^/S）quadruplet四連音quarter-sawn將（原木）縱向鋸成四塊再鋸成木板的quartet四重奏quaver八分音符（eighthnote,美）quintet五重奏quintuplemeter五拍子quintuplet五連音range音域（compass）rattle搖響器Realism現(xiàn)實主義recapitulation再現(xiàn)部recitative宣敘調(diào)RecuerdosdelaAlhambra《阿爾罕布拉宮的回憶》reduction改編（縮編）register音區(qū)reguiem安魂曲relativekeys關(guān)系大小調(diào)relativepitch相對音高（聽覺）Renaissance文藝復(fù)興repertoire保留曲目，全部曲目repetition重復(fù)rest(s)休止符rhapsody狂想曲rhythm節(jié)奏rhythmicpattern節(jié)奏型Rococo洛可可Rodrigojoaquin胡埃金羅德里戈［西班牙］Romanticism浪漫主義Romero,Angel安杰爾羅梅羅［西班牙］Romero,Celedonio塞拉多尼奧羅梅羅［西班牙］Romero,Celin塞林羅梅羅［西班牙］Romero,Pepe佩佩羅梅羅［西班牙］rondoform回旋曲式（ABACA）rondosonataform回旋奏鳴曲式rootposition原位root根音（fundamental）rosette音孔環(huán)飾，玫瑰花飾rosewood玫瑰木，青龍木，黑黃檀roundedbinaryform（有再現(xiàn)的）二段式rumba倫巴Russel,David大衛(wèi)羅素［英國］sarabande薩拉班德saxophone薩克斯管scaledegree（調(diào)式話級scalestep音級（音級數(shù)：numberofscalestep）scale音階scherzo諧謔曲score樂譜PP很弱p弱mp中弱mf中強f強ff很強sf突強（貝多芬的典型標記）.力度改變dim漸弱morendo漸漸消逝cresc,漸強sempre始終，始終保持三、表情dolce柔軟地espress,有表情地cantabile歌頌地grazioso美麗高雅地mesto愁悶地.哀痛地dolendobrillante輝煌地，炫耀地appass.熱忱地,激情地scerzando詼諧，風(fēng)趣地leggiero靈巧地score總譜secondinversion其次轉(zhuǎn)位second二度Segovia,Andrds安德列斯塞戈維亞［西班牙］semibreve全音符(wholenote,美)semiquaver十六分音符(sixteenthnote,美)septuplet七連音sequence模進serenade小夜曲,月下情歌serenade小夜曲Serialism序列主義seventhchord七和弦seventh七度Seville塞維利亞(西班牙地名)sextuplet六連音sharp升調(diào)sharp升號side側(cè)板sidedrum小鼓sight-singing視唱simpleinterval單音程simplemeter(s)單拍子sixthchord六和弦sixth六度sixth-fourchord四六和弦smallc小字組cSllscher,Gran戈蘭索舍爾［瑞典］solo獨奏solo獨奏(唱)sonataform奏鳴曲式sonata奏鳴曲sonatina小奏鳴曲songswithoutword無詞歌soprano女高音Sor,Fernando費爾南多索爾［西班牙］sostenuto持音sound音space間Spanish西班牙的spruce云杉staccato斷音，斷奏staff五線譜staff樂譜stage舞臺stem符:干step音級(scalestep,degree)string琴弦stringedinstruments弦樂器Structuralism結(jié)構(gòu)主義subdominant(IV)下屬音，下屬和弦submediant(VI)下中音，下中音和弦(super?dominant)suite組曲supertonic(ll)上主音,上主和弦suspension延留音symphonicpoem交響詩symphony交響曲syncopation切分音tabor塔波鼓Takemitsu,Toru武滿徹［日本］tambourine鈴鼓tango探戈tarantella塔蘭臺拉temperament樂律temperedscale平均律(equaltemperament)templeblock木魚tempomark⑸速度標記tempo速度tenordrum中鼓tenortuba次中音大號tenor男高音tenth十度ternaryform三段式，三部曲式(ABA)theater劇場，戲劇thematicmaterial主題材料theme主題themewithvariation主題與變奏thirdinversion第三轉(zhuǎn)位third三度three-linedoctave小字三組(three-line)tie延音線timbre音色(tonecolororquality)timesignature拍號time時間toccata托卡塔tonality調(diào)性tone音(樂音)tone-cluster音簇tonic(l)主音，主和弦top面板transposition移調(diào)trebleclef高音譜號trembolo震音triad三和弦triangle三角鐵trill顫音trio三聲中部trio三重奏triplemeter(s)三拍子(3/2,3/4,3/8)triplet三連音tri-tone三全音trombone長號trumpet小號tuba大號tubularbells管鐘tuningfork音叉twelfth十二度two-linedoctave小字二組(two-line)unaccentedoctave小字組unison齊奏(唱)unison同度，一度(prime)unity統(tǒng)一variation變奏variationform變奏曲式(A,Al,A2,A3…)strophicform分節(jié)歌(a,a,a,a…)variation變奏variety改變vibraphone顫音琴vibration振動viola中提琴violin小提琴vivace有生氣的快板(160拍/分鐘)vivo活潑的，有生氣的vocalmusic聲樂voice人聲，聲部waltz圓舞曲，華爾茲waveform波形whip鞭響器wholetone全音whole-tone全音的Williams,John約翰威廉斯［澳大利亞］woodblock南梆子，盒梆woodwindinstruments木管樂器xylophone木琴四、奏法legato連奏nonlegato非連奏stace.斷奏，跳音gliss刮奏五、踏板ped踏板senzaped不用踏板uc左踏板tree.中踏板（只有三角鋼琴的中踏板在演奏中才有用處）六、其他major大調(diào)minor小調(diào)tema主題md右手m.s.左手tr.顫音tremolo震音DC從頭反復(fù)（李查德的比較多）solo獨奏cadenza華彩accelerando（accel）漸快的acappella無伴奏合唱absolutemusic純音樂，非標題音樂absolutepitch肯定音高（聽覺）abstractmusic抽象音樂accent重音accidental（s）變音記號accordion手風(fēng)琴acoustics聲學(xué)action弦高，即弦距離指板的高度adagietto小柔板（66拍/分鐘）adagio柔板（56拍/分鐘）Added-sixthchord加六度和弦allegretto小快板（108拍/分鐘）allegro快板（132拍/分鐘）allemande阿勒曼德alteredchord變和弦Andalusia安達露西亞（西班牙地名）andante行板（72拍/分鐘）andantino小行板（80拍/分鐘）animato活潑的快板（120拍/分鐘）Anti-impressionism反印象主義anticipation先現(xiàn)音anvil樂砧Aranjuez阿蘭胡埃斯（吉他協(xié)奏曲）aria詠嘆調(diào)arpeggio琶音artist藝術(shù)家ascending上行assai特別快的快板（144拍/分鐘），很Asturias阿斯圖里亞斯（西班牙地名）atonality無調(diào)性augmentation綻開augmentedsixthchord增六和弦augmentedtriad增三和弦augmented增（音程）authenticcadence正格終止BachJohannSebastian約翰塞巴斯第安巴赫［德國］back背板ballata敘事曲ballet芭蕾bandmusic軍樂band軍樂隊bar小節(jié)（barline小節(jié)線,measure）bariton男中音Baroque巴洛克Barrueco,Manuel馬努埃巴魯埃科［古巴］bass低音bassclarinet低音單簧管bassclef低音譜號bassdrum大鼓basstuba低音大號bass低音號bass男低音bassoon大管（巴松）belcanto美聲binaryform二段式，二部曲式(AB)bitonality雙重調(diào)性blues布魯斯bongo邦戈鼓bourree布歹Ubrasswindinstruments銅管樂器Brazilian巴西的Bream,Julian朱里安布里姆［英國］breve二全音符brokenchord分解和弦Brouwer,Leo里奧布勞威爾［古巴］cadanza華彩樂段musicalform體裁cadence終止canon卡農(nóng)cantata康塔塔capriccio隨想曲caprice隨想曲castanets響板cedar雪松cello大提琴chaconne恰空舞曲chaconne恰空chimes排鐘choir合唱團choralmusic合唱音樂choral眾贊歌chord和弦，和聲chord和弦chorus合唱chromatichalf-tone改變半音chromaticinterval改變(音程)chromaticscale半音階chromatictone改變?nèi)鬰hromatic半音的clarinet單簧管(黑管)classical古典的Classicism古典主義clavier(18世紀)鍵盤樂器clef譜號(Gclef,Fclef,Cclef)climax高潮coda尾聲coloraturasoprano花腔女高音commonmeter——般拍子(4/4)comparison對比complextone復(fù)音(compositetone)compoundduplemeter(s)M-(6/2,6/4,6/8)compoundinterval復(fù)音程compoundmeter(s)復(fù)拍子compoundquadruplemeter(s)復(fù)四拍子(12/4,12/8,12/16)817^01111比1^16171616「(5)復(fù)三