2022新高考化學一輪復習微專題12與量有關的離子方程式-連續(xù)型配比型順序型

微題型12與量有關的離子方程式——連續(xù)型、配比型、順序型類型一連續(xù)反應型1．向NaOH溶液中通入CO2至過量________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．向澄清石灰水中通入CO2至過量________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．向氨水中通入少量SO2________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．向氨水中通入過量SO2________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．向AlCl3溶液中逐滴滴入NaOH溶液至過量________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．向NaOH溶液中逐滴滴入AlCl3溶液至過量________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．向NaAlO2溶液中逐滴滴入鹽酸至過量________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．向鹽酸中逐滴滴入NaAlO2至過量________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________類型二酸式鹽和堿反應型9．向NaHCO3溶液中加入足量澄清石灰水________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10．向NaHCO3溶液中加入少量澄清石灰水________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________11．向Ca(HCO3)2溶液中加入少量NaOH溶液________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12．向Ca(HCO3)2溶液中加入足量NaOH溶液________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________13．向Mg(HCO3)2溶液中加入少量的澄清石灰水________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________14．向Mg(HCO3)2溶液中加入足量的澄清石灰水________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________類型三限制條件型15．向Ba(OH)2溶液中逐滴加入NaHSO4溶液至剛好沉淀完全________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________16．向NaHSO4溶液中逐滴加入Ba(OH)2溶液至中性________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________17．氫氧化鋇溶液與KAl(SO4)2·12H2O(明礬)的反應(1)生成沉淀的物質(zhì)的量最大：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。(2)生成沉淀的質(zhì)量最大：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。類型四反應順序競爭型18．向NH4HCO3溶液中加入少量NaOH溶液________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________19．向稀HNO3中逐漸加入鐵粉至過量________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________20．向FeBr2溶液中通入Cl2從少量至過量________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________21．向FeI2溶液中通入Cl2從少量至過量________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________綜合訓練22．(2020·安徽屯溪一中高三月考)下列離子方程式正確的是()A．向Na2SiO3溶液中滴加稀鹽酸：Na2SiO3＋2H＋=H2SiO3↓＋2Na＋B．向NaClO溶液中通入少量SO2：SO2＋ClO－＋H2O=SOeq\o\al(2－,4)＋Cl－＋2H＋C．向FeI2溶液中滴加少量氯水：2Fe2＋＋Cl2=2Fe3＋＋2Cl－D．碳酸氫銨稀溶液中加入足量燒堿溶液：HCOeq\o\al(－,3)＋NHeq\o\al(＋,4)＋2OH－=COeq\o\al(2－,3)＋NH3·H2O＋H2O23．(2020·甘肅省靖遠縣第一中學高三月考)在含有amolFeBr2的溶液中，通入xmolCl2(已知氧化性：Br2＞Fe3＋)。下列各項通入Cl2過程中溶液內(nèi)發(fā)生反應的離子方程式，其中不正確的是()A．xa，2Fe2＋＋Cl2=2Fe3＋＋2Cl－B．xa，2Br－＋Cl2=Br2＋2Cl－C．x＝a，2Fe2＋＋2Br－＋2Cl2=Br2＋2Fe3＋＋4Cl－D．xa，2Fe2＋＋4Br－＋3Cl2=2Br2＋2Fe3＋＋6Cl－

答案精析1.2OH－＋CO2=COeq\o\al(2－,3)＋H2OCOeq\o\al(2－,3)＋CO2＋H2O=2HCOeq\o\al(－,3)總過程：CO2＋OH－=HCOeq\o\al(－,3)2.Ca2＋＋2OH－＋CO2=CaCO3↓＋H2OCaCO3＋CO2＋H2O=Ca2＋＋2HCOeq\o\al(－,3)總過程：CO2＋OH－=HCOeq\o\al(－,3)3.2NH3·H2O＋SO2=2NHeq\o\al(＋,4)＋SOeq\o\al(2－,3)＋H2O4.NH3·H2O＋SO2=NHeq\o\al(＋,4)＋HSOeq\o\al(－,3)5.Al3＋＋3OH－=Al(OH)3↓Al(OH)3＋OH－=AlOeq\o\al(－,2)＋2H2O總過程：Al3＋＋4OH－=AlOeq\o\al(－,2)＋2H2O6.Al3＋＋4OH－=AlOeq\o\al(－,2)＋2H2O3AlOeq\o\al(－,2)＋Al3＋＋6H2O=4Al(OH)3↓7.AlOeq\o\al(－,2)＋H＋＋H2O=Al(OH)3↓Al(OH)3＋3H＋=Al3＋＋3H2O總過程：AlOeq\o\al(－,2)＋4H＋=Al3＋＋2H2O8.AlOeq\o\al(－,2)＋4H＋=Al3＋＋2H2OAl3＋＋3AlOeq\o\al(－,2)＋6H2O=4Al(OH)3↓9.HCOeq\o\al(－,3)＋Ca2＋＋OH－=H2O＋CaCO3↓10.Ca2＋＋2OH－＋2HCOeq\o\al(－,3)=2H2O＋CaCO3↓＋COeq\o\al(2－,3)11.OH－＋Ca2＋＋HCOeq\o\al(－,3)=H2O＋CaCO3↓12.Ca2＋＋2HCOeq\o\al(－,3)＋2OH－=2H2O＋CaCO3↓＋COeq\o\al(2－,3)13.Mg2＋＋2HCOeq\o\al(－,3)＋Ca2＋＋2OH－=MgCO3↓＋CaCO3↓＋2H2O14.Mg2＋＋2HCOeq\o\al(－,3)＋2Ca2＋＋4OH－=Mg(OH)2↓＋2CaCO3↓＋2H2O15.Ba2＋＋OH－＋H＋＋SOeq\o\al(2－,4)=BaSO4↓＋H2O16.Ba2＋＋2OH－＋2H＋＋SOeq\o\al(2－,4)=BaSO4↓＋2H2O17.(1)2Al3＋＋3SOeq\o\al(2－,4)＋3Ba2＋＋6OH－=3BaSO4↓＋2Al(OH)3↓(2)Al3＋＋2SOeq\o\al(2－,4)＋2Ba2＋＋4OH－=2BaS