2022年江西省贛州市寨下中學(xué)高一英語期末試卷含解析

2022年江西省贛州市寨下中學(xué)高一英語期末試卷含解析一、選擇題1.Thehotel____duringourholidayschargedus100dollarsfordinner.

A.westayedat

B.wherewestayedat

C.westayed

D.whichwestay參考答案：A2.Marywastheonlystudentinourschool_______wasinvitedtothecelebration.A.who

B.which

C.whom

D.where參考答案：A3.Theskyisclear，soit’snot____________torainthisafternoon.A．false B．certainC．likely D．fortunate參考答案：C句意為：天空晴朗，所以今天下午不可能下雨。likely表示“可能的”，符合語境。其余三項：false假的；certain確定的；fortunate幸運的，均不符合語境。4.Themanagerwasconcernedtohearthattwoofhistrustedworkers_____.A.willleave B.areleaving C.haveleft D.wereleaving參考答案：D5.Don’tworryandI’llgetyourcarfixed___.

A.atnotime

B.innotime

C.atatime

D.atalltimes參考答案：B略6.Ourteachersalwaystellustobelievein________wedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.A.why

B.how

C.what

D.which參考答案：C7.Heaccidentally_____hehadquarreledwithhiswifeandthathehadn’tbeenhomeforacoupleofweeks.A.workedout

B.madesure

C.ledto

D.letout

參考答案：D8.You’dbetterhaveatalkwithyourfriend______,andthenthemisunderstandingwilldisappear.A.sidebyside

B.handinhandC.facetoface

D.arminarm參考答案：C9.Iasked_______haveabreak.A.ifwecould

B.couldwe

C.whethercouldwe

D.ifcouldwe參考答案：A10.Anawfultrafficaccident_______,however,happentheotherday.A.does

B.did

C.hasto

D.hadto參考答案：B11.Jackhasagoodhabitofkeepingadiaryeveryday;

heisverygoodatwriting.A.because

B.as

C.asaresult

D.afterall參考答案：C本題考查副詞短語。asaresult“因此,結(jié)果”,在句中作狀語,其前常有一個表示原因的句子。12.Expertsaretryingtoworkoutaplantodealwiththeproblemscausedbyglobalwarming______itistoolate.A.when

B.if

C.before

D.until參考答案：C13.Idon’tsupposethathomeworkmeanseverythinginseniorhighschool,_________?A.doesit

B.doesn’tit

C.doI

D.don’tthey參考答案：A略14.Althoughheisconsideredagreatwriter,_______________________________.A．hisworksarenotwidelyread B．buthisworksarenotwidelyreadC．however,hisworksarenotwidelyread D．whilehisworksarenotwidelyread參考答案：A28.Doyouknowthat_______withwisemenimprovesyourmind?A.chat

B.chats

C.chatted

D.chatting參考答案：D16.------Doesyourwifeliketea?-------well,shedoesn’treally______tea,shelikescoffeebetter.A.carefor

B.care

C.careabout

D.careof參考答案：A二、完型填空17.“NatureandNurture”（遺傳還是環(huán)境）Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorareformed.However,itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanother_____41_____.Socialscientistsareofcourse_____42_____interestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertain_____43_____andexhibitcertainbehavior.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwo_____44_____schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped._____45_____onemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween_____46_____ofeachtheory.Thecontroversy(爭論)isoftenreferredtoas“natureandnurture”.Thosewho_____47_____the“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsare_____48_____determinedbybiologicalfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioris_____49_____tothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorystatesthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyour______50______.Supportersofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,______51______,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletely______52______bytheirsurroundings.Thebehaviorists’viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic(機械論的).Theystatethat,likemachines,humansrespondto______53______stimuli(刺激)asthebasisoftheirbehavior.Sociallyandpolitically,theresultsofthesetwotheoriesare______54______.IntheUS,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonintelligencetests.Thisleadssome“nature”supporterstoconcludethatblacksaregenetically______55______instatusthanwhitesare.Behaviorists,______56______,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmental______57______thatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesame______58______thatwhitesdo.Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Asamatteroffact,itisquite______59______thatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthedebatewill______60______foralongtimeiscertain.41.A.sensitive B.productive C.competitive D.impressive42.A.frequently B.extremely C.generally D.occasionally43.A.approaches B.possessions C.characteristics D.friends44.A.different B.reliable C.excellent D.equal45.A.What B.As C.Which D.That46.A.objectors B.operators C.opponents D.supporters47.A.claim B.support C.resolve D.object48.A.completely B.largely C.thoroughly D.merely49.A.sensitive B.open C.central D.subject50.A.abilities B.teachers C.personalities D.instincts51.A.experts B.behaviorists C.environmentalists D.scientists52.A.shaped B.discussed C.constructed D.learned53.A.environmental B.biological C.psychological D.physical54.A.temporary B.slight C.fatal D.far-reaching55.A.lower B.higher C.stronger D.smarter56.A.onthecontrary B.asawhole C.afterall D.forinstance57.A.protections B.pollutions C.technologies D.advantages58.A.conclusions B.abilities C.responses D.opportunities59.A.necessary B.impossible C.unreasonable D.likely60.A.arise B.disappear C.continue D.respond參考答案：41.C

42.B

43.C

44.A

45.B

46.D

47.B

48.B

49.C

50.D

51.B

52.A

53.A

54.D

55.A

56.A

57.D

58.C

59.D

60.C本文是一篇議論文。主要討論了關(guān)于人的個性和智力的形成的兩個針鋒相對的理論：遺傳論和環(huán)境論。【41題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：很難解釋為什么有些人聰明，而有些人不聰明，為什么有的人充滿合作精神，而有些人卻老是想著競爭。A.sensitive敏感的；B.productive多產(chǎn)的；C.competitive競爭的；D.impressive印象深刻的。故選C。【42題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)然，社會學(xué)科學(xué)家對這些問題及其感興趣。A.frequently頻繁地；B.extremely及其，非常；C.generally一般地；D.occasionally偶爾。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：他們想解釋為什么人們表現(xiàn)出某些特點，做出某些行為。A.approaches方法，手段；B.possessions財產(chǎn)；C.characteristics特點，特征；D.friends朋友。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：但是就這個問題演變出兩種不同的學(xué)派。A.different不同的；B.reliable可靠的；C.excellent杰出的；D.equal平等的。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：正如有的人期望的那樣，這兩種學(xué)派彼此是不同的。此處為as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，意為“正如，就像”。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：兩個理論彼此的支持者之間存在很多爭議。A.objectors反對者；B.operators操作人員；C.opponents對手；D.supporters支持者。故選D。【47題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：那些支持爭論中“遺傳”一方的人認為我們的性格和形式模式主要由生物因素決定。A.claim宣稱，聲稱；B.support支持；C.resolve解決；D.object反對。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意參考上題。A.completely完全地；B.largely主要地，大部分地；C.thoroughly徹底地；D.merely僅僅。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：性格和行為是這一理論核心。A.sensitive敏感的；B.open開放的；C.central中心的，核心的；D.subject主題，話題。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：我們基本上完全由我們的直覺支配。A.abilities能力；B.teachers教師；C.personalities性格；D.instincts直覺。故選D。【51題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：“環(huán)境論”的支持者，或者被稱為“行為主義者”認為環(huán)境更為重要。A.experts專家；B.behaviorists行為主義者；C.environmentalists環(huán)保主義者；D.scientists科學(xué)家。后句Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner….有提示。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：人類的行為幾乎完全由環(huán)境所塑造。A.shaped塑造；B.discussed討論；C.constructed建造；D.learned學(xué)習(xí)。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：他們認為人類，和機器一樣，對環(huán)境的刺激做出反應(yīng)，這是他們行為的基礎(chǔ)。A.environmental環(huán)境的；B.biological生物的；C.psychological心理的；D.physical物理的，身體的。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：無論是社會還是政治，這兩個理論的結(jié)果的影響都是深遠的。A.temporary臨時的；B.slight輕微的；C.fatal致命的；D.far-reaching深遠的。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：這導(dǎo)致自然論者得出結(jié)論：黑人從基因上就低于白色人種。A.lower較低的；B.higher較高的；C.stronger更強壯的；D.smarter更聰明的。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：恰恰相反，環(huán)境論者認為這種差距是由于黑人被剝奪了教育和其他環(huán)境的優(yōu)勢。A.onthecontrary恰恰相反；B.asawhole作為整體；C.afterall畢竟；D.forinstance例如。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意參考上題。A.protections保護；B.pollutions污染；C.technologies技術(shù)；D.advantages優(yōu)勢。故選D。【58題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：結(jié)果，他們無法做出和白人一樣的反應(yīng)。此處應(yīng)該是指在前文提到的intelligencetests（智力測試）中和人做出的反應(yīng)。A.conclusions結(jié)論；B.abilities能力；C.responses反應(yīng)；D.opportunities機會。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：事實上，極有可能的是我們行為的關(guān)鍵存在于這兩種極端理論的中間的某個地方。A.necessary必要的；B.impossible不可能的；C.unreasonable不合理的；D.likely可能的。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：這一爭論將繼續(xù)進行下去，這是肯定的。A.arise出現(xiàn)；B.disappear消失；C.continue繼續(xù)；D.respond反應(yīng)。故選C。三、閱讀理解18.Herearesomeofthesmartestanimalsintheworld.PigsPigsareactuallyverysmartanimals.Pigsareoneofthecleanestiftheyaregivenachoice.Ifyouprovidethemwithenoughspace,theywillmakesuretheyseparatetheirdiningareafromtheirlivingspace.Studieshavealsoshownthattheycanactuallybegoodatvideogames.Togetfood,theywillfollowotherpigsandthenstealitfromrightundertheirnoses.Thevictimized(受害的)pigswillthencomeoutwiserfromthis.Theywillchangetheirbehaviornexttimetopreventotherpigsfromstealingfromthem.CrowsTheyaresmartandcreative,withthehighestIQamongallbirds.Crowshavebeenknowntothrownutsandshellsonaroadsothatcarswilldriveoverandopenthem.Theyalsohavetheabilitytomakeknivestocutleavesandgrass.ElephantsTheyhaveextremelylargebrains,evenbiggerthanhumans’.Theybury(埋葬)theirdeadfamiliesandfriendsproperly,theonlyotheranimaltodothisbesideshumans.Theyalsoknowwhichleavesaremedicinalandwilleatspecificplantsdependingonthesicknesstheyarefeeling.Theyalsohavetheabilitytorecognizethemselvesinthemirror.BottlenoseDolphinsTheyactuallyhavetheabilitytowatchtelevisiononthetheirownbecauseoftheirabilitytoprocessacousticandvisual(視覺和聽覺)informationatthesametime.Theycanalsorecognizethemselvesinthemirror,whichtheyusetoinspecttheirownbodies.Theircomprehensionskillsareveryhigh.Studieshaveshownthattheyevenhavetheabilitytochoosethe“Idon’tknow”optionduringdifficulttests.1.Whatwillpigsdoiftheirfoodisstolen?A.TheywillfightwithotherpigsB.TheywillstealitbackC.TheywillhidetheirfoodsomewhereD.Theywillavoidbeingfollowednexttime2.Whichanimalcanuseatooltomakeitsfoodedible(可吃的)?A.Thepig

B.ThecrowC.Theelephant

D.Thebottlenosedolphin3.Whatistheonlythingthatelephantscandobesideshumanbeings?A.TheycanplayvideogamesB.TheycaneatmedicinalleavesC.TheycanburytheirdeadfriendswellD.Theycancleanthemselves4.Whatcanbottlenosedolphinsdowhentheymeetadifficultquestioninatest?A.Showthattheydon’tknow

B.SeekhelpfromothersC.Thinkforalongtime

D.Lookthemselvesinthemirror參考答案：1.D

2.B

3.C

4.A說明文。介紹了幾種動物的聰明之處。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Crowshavebeenknowntothrownutsandshellsonaroadsothatcarswilldriveoverandopenthem（烏鴉知道把堅果扔在路上讓車碾開）可知選B.3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Theybury(埋葬)theirdeadfamiliesandfriendsproperly,theonlyotheranimaltodothisbesideshumans.（它們能恰當(dāng)安葬親友）可知選C。4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)theyevenhavetheabilitytochoosethe“Idon’tknow”optionduringdifficulttests.（它們在遇到難題時會選擇“不會”）可知選A。點睛：細節(jié)理解題解題技巧尋找信息題-題干定位法。沒有必要通讀全文，應(yīng)該先看問題，找到關(guān)鍵詞，帶著問題找答案。細節(jié)排序題-首尾定位法。先找出第一個事件和最后一個事件，然后縮小選擇范圍，逐步排除不合條件的選項。生活應(yīng)用題-常識理解法。要求考生在讀懂文章的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合生活常識和其他學(xué)科知識，解題。語義轉(zhuǎn)換題-跳讀查找法。關(guān)鍵是看懂語義轉(zhuǎn)換，包括同義變換，概念解析和歸納事實等。19.Justafewhoursago,theItalianshipAndreaDoriawassailingthroughthickfogtowardthecityofNewYork.CaptainPieroCalamaikeptwatch.Heknewthatmanyothershipswerenearby.Heshouldhavesloweddownbecauseofthefogbuthedecidednotto.Hewantedtoarriveontimethenextmorning.Atabout11:00P.M.,anothership,theStockholm,suddenlyhittheAndreaDoria.ItmadeahugeholeintheItalianship.Somepeoplewerebadlyhurt.Othersfellintothesea.ButonegirlwassavedbytheStockholm.LindaMorganwasfourteen.ShelivedinSpainwithhermotherandherlittlesister.ShewasgoingtovisitherfatherinNewYork.Shewasexcitedaboutseeingherfather.Lindahadlovedthetrip.Shewantedtohavedinnerwiththecaptainonthelastnightatsea.Thecaptaindidnotsitathistablethatnight,though.Hewasbusyguidingtheshipthroughthefog.Lindadidnotgettotalktohim.WhenLindawenttobed,everythingseemedfine.Hermotherturnedoffthelights.Lindatalkedtoherlittlesister.Shethoughtaboutseeingherfatherthenextmorning.Whathappenednextwasaterriblesurprise.Lindawokeupnotknowingwhereshewas.Shewasnotinherbed.Whenshecalledtoherfamily,nooneanswered.Bothherkneeswerebroken.Lindahadbeensavedbyanamazing