ERwin使用說明(中英文)

經典word整理文檔，僅參考，轉Word此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網絡整理，如有侵權，請聯系刪除，謝謝！GettingStartedwithER(Erwinwin入門)byDr.PeterWolcottDepartmentofInformationSystemsandQuantitativeAnalysisCollegeofInformationScienceandTechnologyUniversityofNebraskaatOmaha（由內布拉斯加州的奧馬哈大學信息科學與技術學院門的信息系統(tǒng)和定量分析博士彼得著）Introduction（介紹）ERwinisapopulardatamodelingtoolusedbyanumberofmajorcompaniesinOmahaandthroughouttheworld.（Erwin是受奧馬哈和世界各地的一些主要的公司歡迎的數據模型工具）Theproductiscurrentlyowned,developed,andmarketedbyComputer,aleadingsoftwaredeveloper.（該產品是由具有領導地位的CA軟件開發(fā)公司擁有、開發(fā)和銷售）Theproductsupportsavarietyofaspectsofdatabasedesign,includingdatamodeling,forwardengineering(thecreationofadatabaseschemaandphysicaldatabaseonthebasisofadatamodel),andreverseengineering(thecreationofadatamodelonthebasisofanexistingdatabase)forawidevarietyofrelationalDBMS,includingMicrosoftAccess,Oracle,DB2,Sybase,andothers.該軟件為多種多樣的關系型數據庫管理系統(tǒng),包括MicrosoftAccess,甲骨文,Sybase,DB2,和其他人提供支持數據庫設計的各個方數據庫）和逆向工程（在現在的數據庫基礎上創(chuàng)建數據模型）ThisbrieftutorialstepsyouthroughtheprocessofcreatingadatamodelwinusingER.（你可以通過這個簡單教程中的步驟運用Erwin來創(chuàng)建數據模型）ItwillnotexplainallaspectsofERwin,butwillshowyoutheminimumnecessarytocreateandusedatamodelsforthisclass.（這個課程不可能全面地講解Erwin模型的知識）Itconsistsofthreemajorsegments,whichcorrespondtotheproject-relatedassignmentsinyourclass:（這個課程由三個主要部分組成，它與有關項目任務相符）1.Creationofabasicdatamodel(Conceptualdatamodel)創(chuàng)建一個基本的數據模型(概念數據模型)2.Creationofadatabaseschema建立數據庫模式3.Creationofthedatabase創(chuàng)建數據庫Thistutorialisastaticone,suitableforprinting.本教程是一個靜態(tài)的,適合印刷Atutorialusingscreencapturesandnarrationisalsoavailable.一個指南使用屏幕捕捉和敘述是可用的。Section1.CreationofabasicdatamodelYouwillbecreatingadatamodelsimilartothatcreatedfortheHeartlandPropertiescasestudyusedinclass.教程中你將創(chuàng)建一個和研究心臟地帶個案相似的數據模型TheEntitiesinvolvedinthismodelinclude:Employee,Office,Property,andInspection.參與本次的實體模型包括:員工、辦公、財產、及檢驗。First,invokeERwinfromStart->Programs->ComputerAssociates->AllFusion->ERwinDataModeler->Erwin首先，從開始——程序——CA——所有程序——ERwinDataModelerYouwillfirstencounteradialogboxentitled"ModelMartConnectionManager"（經理ModelMart連接）.SimplyclickonCancel.將首先遇到一個對話框題為“ModelMartConnectionManager”。只需點擊“取消”。Youwillbeaskedtochoosebetweencreatinganewmodel,andopeninganexistingmodel,asshowninFigure1你將被要求之間作出選擇,創(chuàng)造了一種新的模式,開放一個現有的模型,如圖1所示.Forthisexercise,createanewmodel.通過這個練習,創(chuàng)建一個新的模型Figure1:CreateanewmodelThenextdialogbox,showninFigure2,willaskyoutochoosethetemplatetobeusedtocreatethenewmodel.下一個對話框,如圖2所示,會讓你選擇的模板可以被用來創(chuàng)造新的模型Atthispoint,youmayassociatethemodelwithatargetDBMSproduct,suchasMicrosoftAccess,Oracle,DB2,etc.在這一點上,你可以把這個模型與如MicrosoftAccess,甲骨文,DB2等目標數據庫產品聯系在一起Youwillhavetheopportunitytochangethischoicelater,butfornowchooseMicrosoftAccess.你之后將有機會改變這種選擇,但是現在選擇MicrosoftAccess。Also,chooseLogical/Physicalasthenewmodeltype.同時,選擇的邏輯或者物理作為新模型形式Thischoicewillallowustoswitchbackandfortheasilybetweenalogicalmodel(ERDiagram)andaphysicalmodel(databaseschema).這個選擇將讓我們輕易之間來回切換邏輯模型(ER圖)和物理模型(資料庫)Figure2:SelectingamodeltypeERwinwillnowdisplaythemainwindowfromwhichmostofyourERdiagramdevelopmentwillbedone,asshowninFigure3.ERwin現在將顯示在主窗口大部分你ER圖發(fā)展來完成,如圖3。Figure3:TheERwinWorkplaceERwin工作場所TheERwinworkplaceconsistsoftwomainparts.OntheleftistheModelNavigator,whichdisplaysahierarchyofitemsofimportance,suchasentities,domains,andsubjectareas.左面是模型的領航員,顯示某一層次的物品的重要性,如實體、領域和課題。OntherightistheDisplayWindow,whichwillshowtheERdiagramitself.右邊是顯示窗口,它能夠顯示ER圖本身Asyoucreateobjects,theywillappearinthedisplaywindow(iftheyarevisualinnature,likeentities),andappearinthehierarchywithintheModelNavigator.當你創(chuàng)建對象時,他們將會出現在顯示器窗口(如果它們是視覺的自然屬性,就像實體),并將出現在層級模型導航器。AtoollikeERcanaccomodateanumberofdatamodelingnotationsandwinconventions.像ER這樣工具可以容納大量的數據建模的符號和對話Inmyclasspleasemakethefollowingchangestothepreferencesbeforeyoubegintocreateyourmodel在我的課上請完成下面的改變的偏好,在你開始之前,創(chuàng)造你的模型:1.FromtheFormat->EntityDisplaymenu,makesurethatPrimaryKeyDesignatoris2.FromtheFormat->EntityDisplaymenu,makesurethatForeignKeychecked.從格式-實體顯示菜單,確保外國關鍵checked從格式->實體顯示菜單,確保主鍵欄進行檢查Designator(FK)is指示器(FK)是不能檢查3.FromtheFormat->EntityDisplaymenu,makesurethatShowMigratedchecked.從格式->實體顯示菜單,確保顯示屬性遷移Attributesischecked到4.FromtheFormat->RelationshipDisplay,makesurethatVerbPhraseischecked.從格式-關系顯示、確保動詞短語進行檢查Inaddition,youmaychoosebetweentwodifferentE-Rdiagrammingnotations.另外,你可以選擇兩種不同的e-r種畫圖符號InERwin,clickonModel->ModelPropertiestoseethewindowshowninFigure3b:點擊模型->窗口模型屬性看到如圖3b.Figure3b:ChoiceofnotationThistutorialisbasedontheInformationEngineering("CrowsFoot")notation.YoumayalsouseIDEF1X,ifyouwish.本教程是基于信息工程(“烏鴉腳”)的符號。你也可以使用IDEF1X,如果你愿意的話。Tocreateanewentity,clickontheentityicon()onthetoolbar,orright-clickonthewordintheModelNavigator.創(chuàng)建一個新的Entity實體,點擊實體工具欄上的圖標(),或者以右鍵點擊這個詞中的實體模型導航器Ifyouclickontheentityicon,youthenshouldclickontheDisplayWindowwhereyouwouldliketheentitytoappear,asshowninFigure4.如果你點擊了實體圖標,那么你應該點擊顯示窗口,在那里你會喜歡這個實體出現的各位朋友,如圖4所示Figure4:AnewentityNoticethatthedefaultnamefortheentityisE/x,wherexissomenumber(2inthiscase).注意,默認的名字因為實體是E/x,那里的x是一些數字(2在這種情況下)ClickontheTabkeyseveraltimesandnoticewhathappens.點擊Tab鍵了好幾次,通知會發(fā)生些什么PressingthetabkeycausethefocustocyclebetweenthethreemainpartsoftheEntity:按tab鍵引起關注焦點,周期之間的三個主要部分的實體thenameoftheentity,theprimarykeyattribute(s)主要的關鍵屬性,andthenon-primarykeyattribute(s)時速的關鍵屬性(s).Ingeneral,tomodifyoneofthesethreepartsoftheTabentity,youwillpressthekeytocycletotheappropriatepartoftheentity,thentypetoaddormodifythatpartoftheentity.一般來說,修改這三部分的實體,你會按Tab鍵循環(huán)到適當的一部分,然后輸入實體的增加或修改的那部分實體TabRightnow,pressthekeyuntiltheentitynameishighlighted.現在,按Tab鍵,直到實體名稱是突出了ThentypeEMPLOYEE,asshowninFigure5.然后輸入雇員,如圖5。Figure5:ChangingthenameoftheentityAtthispoint,youmaywishtosaveandnameyourdiagramtoavoidlossshouldthesystemorapplicationcrash.在這一點上,你可能想要存起來,說出你的圖來避免損失應該系統(tǒng)或應用程序崩潰。OnceyouhavechangedthenametoEMPLOYEE,presstheTabkeyagaintomovethefocustothenextpartoftheEntity,addingaprimarykeyattribute.一旦你已經更改了名稱給員工,按Tab鍵來移動焦點再下一部分的實體,添加一個關鍵屬性Thentypethenameoftheprimarykeyattribute,Emp_Num,asshowninFigure6.然后輸入名稱的屬性,Emp_Num主鍵,如圖6。Figure6:AddingaprimarykeyattributeNoticethatbecauseofthepreferencesyousetearlier,theprimarykeyattributehasakeyiconnexttoit.值得注意的是,因為你的喜好設定早些時候,主鍵的屬性是一個關鍵的圖標旁邊。PresstheTabkeyonemoretimetobringthefocusbelowthehorizontallineintheEntity,whereyouwilladdinanumberofnon-primarykeyattributes.按Tab鍵一遍把焦點的水平線以下的實體,在那里您將加入一定數量的時速關鍵屬性。TypeEmp_Fname,asshowninFigure7.Emp_Fname型,如圖7WhenyouhavetypedEmp_Name,Enterkey(notTab)當你打了Emp_Name,按回車鍵(不是選項pressthe卡).Noticewhathappens當你學得.ThecursorisnowpositionedforyoutoaddanotherattributeinthissameportionoftheEntity,thenon-primarykeyattributeportion.定位光標被現在你添加另一個屬性在這個相同的部分實體、時速關鍵屬性分。Figure7:Addingnon-primarykeyattributesContinueaddingthefollowingnon-primarykeyattributes:繼續(xù)增加下列時速關鍵屬性:Emp_LnameEmp_SSNEmp_StreetEmp_CityEmp_StateEmp_ZipcodeEmp_PhoneEmp_FaxYourdiagramshouldnowlooklikeFigure8.Figure8:TheEmployeeentityRepeattheentitycreationprocessfortheentitiesandattributeslistedinTable1.重復這個實體創(chuàng)建過程中為實體及其屬性列于表1。Man_Car_AllowanceASSOCIATEAssoc_Hourly_RateTable1:EntitiesandAttributesNoticethatsomeoftheentitieshavenoprimarykeyattributes(Manager,Associate),andoneentityhasanattributewhichispartoftheprimarykey,butbyitselfdoesnotconstituteaprimarykey(Inspection).注意到一些實體屬性沒有主鍵(),和一個實體有一個屬性的一部分,而是由主鍵本身并不會構成一個主鍵(檢驗)Asweaddrelationshipstothediagram,thenatureofthekeysfortheseentitieswillbecomeclear.當我們添加關系圖,大自然的鑰匙,這些實體就變得清晰了Forthetimebeing,besurethattherearenoprimarykeyattributesforManagerandAssociate,andonlyoneprimarykeyattributeforInspection,asshowninFigure9.隨著時間的推移,要確保沒有關鍵屬性對經理及員工,只有一個主要的關鍵屬性進行檢驗,如圖9所示Figure9:HeartlandPropertiesEntitiesERwinsupportsthecreationofrelationshipswiththreebasickindsofconnectivity（ERwin支持創(chuàng)造之間的關系三種基本的連通性:one-to-one,winone-to-many,andmany-to-many.Withintheone-to-manycategory,ERallowsustodistinguishbetweenidentifyingandnon-identifyingone-to-manyrelationships.這一對范疇,ithin歐文允許我們區(qū)分識別和non-identifying一對多的關系。One-to-manyRelationshipsWe'llbeginwithtworelationships,betweenInspectionandEmployeeandbetweenInspectionandProperty.我們可以先開始兩個關系,檢驗和員工之間,檢驗和財產的權利之間InspectionisrelatedtobothPropertyandEmployeeinonetomanyrelationships.同時與檢驗是財產和員工在一對多的關系EachInspectionisundertakenatoneProperty;在進行每個檢查是一套房產eachPropertymayundergomanyinspections每處房產,可能經過許多檢查.EachInspectioniscarriedoutbyoneEmployee每次檢驗進行了一名員工;eachEmployeecarriesoutmanyInspections每一位員工進行許多檢查.Aretheserelationshipsnon-identifyingrelationships?這些是關系識別關系或non-identifying關identifyingrelationshipsoridentifyingrelationshipsor系嗎?Aretheserelationshipsnon-identifyingrelationships?這些是關系識別關系或non-identifying關系嗎?TheissuehingesonthenatureoftheprimarykeyofInspection,theentityonthe"many"sideoftherelationship.問題的關鍵在于性質的主鍵的檢驗、實體上的“許多”方面的關系。TheprimarykeyofInspectioninthisexampleisacompositeprimarykeyconsistingoftwoattributes主鍵的檢驗在本例中是一個合成物,主鍵由兩個屬性:{Insp_Date,Prop_ID}ThebusinessruleineffecthereisthateachpropertyhasatmostoneinspectionperdayInsp_DateProp_ID}的商業(yè)規(guī)則,在這里,每一種性質影響的條件下,在大多數人檢查每天.Onemightarguewhetherornotthatisasoundassumption,butletssupposeforthesakeofillustrationthatitis.一個人可能會爭辯說不管那是一種合理的假設,但為了說明我們可以假設它是。NoticethattheprimarykeyofInspectionincludestheprimarykeyofProperty,theentitywithwhichithasarelationship.值得注意的是,主鍵檢查包括主鍵的性質、實體與它有關系Forthisreason,wesaythattherelationshipbetweenInspectionandPropertyisanidentifyingone-to-manyrelationship.因為這個原因,我們說,檢驗和財產之間的關系是一種識別一對多的關系。Anidentifyingrelationshipiscreatedbyclickingfirstontheidentifyingrelationshipicon().創(chuàng)建一個識別關系是通過點擊第一的在識別關系圖標()Noticethatithasthecrow'sfootnotation(indicating"many")andasolidline(indicatingidentifying).值得注意的是,它有烏鴉腳的符號()和一個實線(指著識別)Tocreateanidentifyingrelationship,clickfirstonthisicon,thenclickontheparententity(ontheonesideoftherelationship)andthenclickonthechildentity(onthemanysideoftherelationship).創(chuàng)建一個識別關系,點擊先在這個圖標,然后點擊“家長實體(在這邊的關系),然后點擊孩子實體(在許多一端的關系)Inthiscase,youwillclickfirstontheidentifyingrelationshipicon,thenonProperty,thenonInspection.在這種情況下,你就會點擊圖標先識別,然后在產權關系,然后在檢查TheresultsareshowninFigure10.結果顯示于圖10Figure10:AnidentifyingrelationshipNoticethatERwinhasprovidedalabel"R/1"fortherelationship,whichisnotveryhelpful.值得注意的是,win已經提供了一個標簽"R/”的關系,而不是很有幫助Double-clickontherelationshipitselftobringupadialogboxinwhichwecanfurtherrefinetherelationshipdefinition雙擊關系本身造就了一個對話框,以這種方式我們能夠進一步提煉的關系的定義.FilloutthisdialogboxasshowninFigure11.填寫這對話框如圖11分Figure11:RelationshipsdefinitionRelationship:textboxtherelationshipispresentedintheformIntheparententityR/1childentity.在這段關系的關系:文本框的形式給出了R/1孩子家長實體的實體TheVerbPhraseportionofthisboxallowsustodefinethelabeltoplaceontherelationshipinplaceofR/1.這個動詞短語的一部分,這盒允許我們來定義標簽的地方的關系上所處的R/1SincetheparententityisPropertyandtheChildentityisInspection,theParent-to-Childverbphrasewillread"PropertyUndergoesInspection."自從父母實體是財產和孩子的主體是檢查、Parent-to-Child動詞短語會讀"財產經歷檢查?！盩heChild-to-Parentverbphrasewillread"InspectionUndertakenatProperty."動詞短語的Child-to-Parent會讀”的檢測在進行財產?！盜ntheRelationshipCardinalityportionofthiswindow,wecandeterminehowmanychildentityoccurencesmaybeassociatedwitheachparententityoccurence.人際關系的行集數的一部分,這窗戶,我們可以決定了有多少孩子實體檢測儀可伴有每個父母實體發(fā)生Morespecifically,"OnePropertyUndergoesZero,OneorMoreInspections."更具體地說,“一個財產經歷零,一個或更多的檢查?！盢oticethatatthispointwearealsoabletodefineparticipation.值得注意的是,在這一點上我們也能夠定義的參與。Ifeachpropertyhadtohaveundergoneatleastoneinspectioninordertobemandatoryparticipationstoredinthedatabase,thenwecouldhaveforcedbychoosingtheOneorMoreoption.如果每個財產不得不經歷了至少一個檢測為了被儲存在數據庫中,那么,我們就可以迫使強制性參與挑選一個或更多的選擇。ClickOKtocompletetherelationshipdefinition,asshowninFigure12.點擊OK完成關系定義,如圖12。Figure12:FinishedrelationshipNoticethatwhenanentityparticipatesasthechildinanidentifyingrelationshipitismodeledwithroundedcorners.值得注意的是,當一個實體作為識別的關系那孩子是模仿和圓角。Thisnotationisusedforwhatinotherdatamodelingtoolsiscalleda"WeakEntity".這個符號是用來在其他數據建模工具,一種被稱為“弱單位”。TherelationshipbetweenInspectionandEmployeeissomewhatdifferent.檢查和員工之間的關系是有不同的。Itisaone-to-manyrelationship,butnon-identifying,becausetheprimarykeyofEmployeeisnotitispartoftheprimarykeyofInspection.這是一個一對多的關系,但它是non-identifying中的主鍵,因為雇員沒有部分的主鍵檢查Forsucharelationship,wemustclickonthenon-identifyingrelationshipicon(),whichusesadashedlineinsteadofasolidline.對于這樣一個關系,我們必須點擊屏幕上的圖標()),它使用一個虛線來代替一個實線。Asbefore,weclickontheicon,thentheparententity,thenthechildentity.和以前一樣,我們點擊這個圖標,那么父的實體,然后孩子的實體Clickonthenon-identifyingrelationshipicon,thentheEmployeeentity,thentheInspectionentity.點擊屏幕上的圖標,然后non-identifying員工關系實體,然后檢驗實體Double-clickontherelationshiptobringuptherelationshipdefinitionwindowandfillitinasshowninFigure13.ouble-click的關系來定義窗口和關系把它填上如圖13歲。Figure13:Non-identifyingrelationshipdefinition.Asbefore,weprovidemoremeaningfulverbphrasesfortherelationship.和以前一樣,我們提供更多的有意義的動詞短語的關系Asbefore,sinceeachemployeemaybeassociatedwithzero,oneormoreinspections,wechoosethecorrespondingcardinality.和以前一樣,因為每個員工可能伴有零,一個或多個檢查,我們選擇相應的行集數Unlikebefore,whenwechosetheidentifyingrelationshiptype,wehavenowchosenthenon-identifyingrelationshiptype.不同于以往的,當我們選擇了識別關系類型,我們現在已經選好了non-identifying關系類型。Wehavetheoptionofindicatingwhethernullsarepermittedornot.我們可以選擇是否允許nulls表示。Thisdecisionregardstheparticipationoftheparententityinarelationshipwiththechildentity.這一決定將參與實體的父母與孩子的關系實體。Inhavetobeotherwords,doeseachchildentityoccurence(Inspection)associatedwithaparententityoccurence(Employee)?換句話說,每一個孩子的實體(檢查)發(fā)生有助于家長實體發(fā)生(雇員)嗎?Inthiscase,theansweryes.Eachinspectionmustbecarriedoutbyanemployee,oritisnotconsideredaproperinspection.在這種情況下,答案是的。每項考核必須執(zhí)行一個雇員,或并不被認為是一個適當的檢驗。TheparticipationofEmployeeintherelationshipis制性的。mandatory.在參與的員工之間的關系是強ClickOKtocompletetherelationshipdefinition,asshowninFigure14.點擊OK完成關系定義,如圖14。Figure14:Non-identifyingrelationshipEmployeeandOfficealsoparticipationinarelationshipwitheachother.員工和辦公室也參與相互認識EachEmployeeisassignedtooneandonlyoneOffice,andeachOfficehasoneormoreEmployees.每個員工被指定到唯一的一間辦公室,每個辦公室都擁有一個或更多的員工。Inthisone-to-manyrelationship,OfficeistheparentandEmployeeisthechild.在這一對多的關系,辦公室是家長和員工是孩子。Sincetheprimarykeyofthechild(Employee)doesnotincludetheprimarykeyoftheparent(Office),thisisanon-identifyingrelationship.自從主鍵的孩子(雇員)并不包括主鍵的父母(辦公室),這是一個non-identifying關系。Clickonthenon-identifyingrelationshipicon,Office,andEmployeetocreatethisrelationship.點擊屏幕上的圖標non-identifying關系、寫字樓及員工,形成了這種關系。Double-clickontherelationshipandfillintherelationshipdefinitionwindowasshowninFigure15.雙擊關系并填入關系定義窗口如圖15。Figure15:Anon-identifyingrelationshipwithmandatoryparticipationInFigure15,seeanexampleofarelationshipinwhichparticipationismandatoryforbothentities.在圖15,看一個例子,這樣一種關系,參與對雙方都是強制性的實體TheCardinalityindicatesthateachOfficeisassociatedwithOneorMore(butnotZero)Employees.每間辦公室的行集數表明,伴隨著一個或多個(但不是零)的雇員。TheRelationshipTypeindicatesthatthisisanon-identifyingrelationship,andthatNullsarenotpermitt