第99至call cercles譯一審二審早期微電腦不能呈現(xiàn)人聲錄音和易識別圖像但這局限很快就被

碟系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)后，就有了交互式影碟：Montevidisco影碟（SchneiderandBenni（Expodisc（Davies,1991交互式影碟的研發(fā)者在世紀年代學到的技巧同樣適用于世紀年代早期廣泛使用的多個人電腦（MPC。只讀光盤（CD-ROM）是多個人電腦的標準。在20世紀80年代，只讀光盤就得到了應(yīng)用，最早用于大量文本，后來用于聲音、靜態(tài)圖像及。到20世紀90年代中期，語言學習者可以接觸到各種各樣的多只讀光盤，包括虛構(gòu)的模擬課堂活動教學片斷。例如《誰是?（由紐約語言互動公司制作。多個在質(zhì)量和使用靈活性上均超過了后者。在CD-ROM（DVD，DVD頻 。但是，21世紀初社會進步巨大，網(wǎng)也成為CALL的活動中心2010，（MALL（Shield8）中使用手持可攜帶設(shè)備以及在第二生活（Molka-DanielsenandDeutsann,2009）這種虛擬世界中進行教學。即，CALL（Bax,2003;BaxandChambers,2006referringtoWarschauer,1996,andtoWarschauerandHealey,1998?，F(xiàn)在，CALL對諸多語言教學和學習活動都產(chǎn)生了影響。任何一個語言中心幾乎都擁有多臺多電腦，并能提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源。CALL在自主學習、學習CALL在英國語言學習（ALL、英國文化教育、歐洲、學院、國際現(xiàn)代語言教師（FIPLV）及國際英語教師（IATEFL）的活中是其。建立時間最長的三大是計算機輔助語言教學（CALICO《計算機輔助語言教學會（EUROCALL《歐洲計算機輔助語言教學研究會）和國際語言學習技術(shù)（IALLT《國際語言教學技術(shù)會。近期的包括亞太地區(qū)計算機輔助外語教學（APACALL《亞太地區(qū)計算機輔助外語教學通（AsiaCALL CALL輔助語言教育與技 （JALTCALL 計算機輔助語言教育與技會 （PacCALL會InformationandCommunicationsTechnologyforlanguageteachers(ICT en/enjiome.htmLanguageLearningTechnologyJournal(LLTJ)\deslanguesetemesd’informationetdecommunication(ALSIC-LanguageLearningandInformationandCommunicationsTechnology):.Ahmad,K.,Corbett,G.,Rogers,M.andSus,R.(1985)Computers,LanguageLearningandLanguageTeaching,Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.Bax,S.(2003)‘CALL-past,presentandfuture’,System31:13-Bax,S.andChambers,A.(2006)‘MakingCALLwork:towardstion’,System34,4:465-Davies,G.D.(1991)‘Expodisc-aninctivediscpackagelearnersofH.SavolainenandJ.enius(eds),EURO-CALL91:proceedings,Helsinki:HelsinkiSchoolofEconomics.Davies,G.D.andHiggins,J.J.(1982)Computers,LanguageandLanguageLearning,London:CELT.Davies,G.D.andHiggins,J.J.(1985)UsingComputersinLanguageLearning:ATeacher'sGuide,London:CILT.Higgins,J.J.andJohns,T.(1984)ComputersinLanguageLearning,LJohns,T.andKing,P.(eds)(1991)ClassroomConcordancing,specialissueofELRJournal4,UniversityofBirmingham,CentreforEnglishLanguageStudies.Kenning,M.J.andKenning,M.M.(1984)AnIntroductiontoComputerAssistedLanguageTeaching,Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.Last,R.W.(1984)LanguageTeachingandtheuter,Oxford:BlLast,R.W.(1989)ArtificialIligenceTechniquesinLanguageLearning,Chichester:Ellis.Marty,F.(1981)‘Reflectionsontheuseofcomputersinseconduageacquisition’,System9,2:85-Matthews,C.(1994)‘InligentComputerAssistedLanguageLearningascognitivescience:thechoiceofsyntacticframeworksforlanguagetutoring’,JournalofArtificialIligenceinEducation5,Molka-Danielsen,J.andDeutsann,M.(eds)(2009)LearningandTeachingintheVirtualWorldofSecondLife,Trondheim,Norway:TapirAcademicPress.Schneider,E.W.andBennion,J.L.(1984)‘Veni,vidi,vici,viadisc:asimulatorforinstructionalcourseware’.InD.H.Wyatt(ed.),ComputerAssistedLanguageInstruction,Oxford:Pergamon.Shield,L.andKukulska-Hulme,A.(eds)(2008)specialeditionofReCALL(20,3)onAssistedLanguageLearning.Sinclair,J.(ed.)(2004)HowtoUseCorporainLanguageTeaching,Amsterdam:JohnBenjamins.Thomas,M.(ed.)(2008)HandbookofResearchonWeb2.0andSecondLanguageLearning,Hershey,PA:IGIGlobal.Thomas,M.andSid,E.C.(eds)(2010)IctiveWhisforEducation:Theory,ResearchandPractice,Hershey,PA:IGIGlobal.Tribble,C.andJones,G.(1997)ConcordancingintheClassroom:AResourceGuideforTeachers,Houston,TX:AthelstanPublications.Warschauer,M.(1996)‘Computer-assistedlanguagelearning:anintroduction’.InS.Fotos(ed.),MultimediaLanguageTeaching,Tokyo:LogosInternational.Warschauer,M.andHealey,D.(1998)‘Computersandlanguagelearning:anoverview’,LanguageTeaching31:57-71.CALLJournal,London:Davies,G.D.(2005)‘ComputerAssistedLanguageLearning:wherearewenowandwherearewegoing?’, Delcloque,P.(2000)HistoryofCALL Dudeney,G.(2007)TheInternetandtheLanguageClassroom,2ndedn,Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.Felix,U.(2008)‘TheunreasonableeffectivenessofCALL:whathavewelearnedintwodecadesofresearch?’ReCALL20,2:141-61.Hubbard,P.(2009)(ed.)ComputerAssistedLanguageLearning,vols-IV,LondonandNewYork:Korsvold,A.-K.andRuschoff,B.(eds)(1997)NewinLanguageLearningandTeaching,Strasbourg:CouncilofEurope.Levy,M.(1997)CA