2021屆南昌二中高三英語上學(xué)期期末考試試題及參考答案

2021屆南昌二中高三英語上學(xué)期期末考試試題及參考答案第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項AYoumightnotexpectit,butcowsarealargesourceofthegreenhousegasesthataredrivingclimatechange.Cowsproducelotsofmethanebybreakingdownthegrass,Nowscientistshaveshownthatthepollutionfromcowscanbereducedbyaddingalittleseaweedtotheirfood.Scientistsfirstdiscoveredthatseaweedcouldhelpcontrolmethanefromcowsseveralyearsago.Butthisworkwasdoneinalaboratory,thereweremanyquestionsaboutwhethertheideacouldworkinreallife.Inthelabstudies,thecowsweregivenquiteabitofseaweed,andtheywouldcauselosingweight.Thatwasn'thelpful,sincecowsareoftensoldbyweight.Italsowasn'tcleariftheseaweedwouldstopworkingifitwasusedforalongerperiodoftime.Now,scientistsfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Davishaveansweredseveralofthesequestions.Theresearchersstudied21cowsonafarmforaboutfivemonths.Theytaughtthecowstogettheirfoodfrominsideaspecialhood,whichallowedthescientiststomeasurethemethanethatthecowsweregivingoff.Thistime,theyusedamuchsmalleramountofseaweed,whichtheymixedwiththecows'food.Theresultsweresurprisinglygood.Insomecases,thecowsproduced82%lessmethane.Theimprovementdependedonthekindoffoodthecowsweregiven,buteventheworst-pollutingcowsproduced33%lessmethane.Overthefivemonths,thescientistsdidn'tseeanysignsthatthecows'stomachsweregettingusedtotheseaweedandstartingtoproducemoremethaneagain.Anothersurprisecamewhentheylookedattheweightofthecows.Thecowsthatwerefedseaweedgainedjustasmuchweightastheothercows,buttheydidn'tneedasmuchfood.Buttherearestillsomebigproblemswiththeideaoffeedingcowsseaweed.Foronething,there'snotadequateseaweedtofeedallofthecowsintheworld.Sofarmerswouldhavetofigureoutawaytogrowlotsofseaweed.Abiggerproblemisthatformostoftheirlives,cowsliveinfields,wheretheyeatthegrass.Thatmeansthere'snochancetofeedthemseaweedeveryday.Theseproblemsneedtobetakenseriouslyiftheworldisgoingtoavoidtheworsteffectsoftheclimatecrisis.Still,it'struethatsomethingassimpleasfeedingcowsseaweedcanhelpreducesomeofthepollutioncausingtheclimatecrisis.Whydidthescientistsdotheexperimentonthefarm?A.Tocontroltheamountofseaweed. B.Torecordtheweightcowsgained.C.Toconfirmtheeffectofseaweedinreallife. D.Tomeasuretheamountofseaweedcowsale.Theunderlinedword“adequate”means .A.common B.special C.lacking D.enoughThepassageiswrittento .A.appealtopeoplenottoraisethecows B.encouragepeopletoplanttheseaweedC.remindpeopleofcontrollingcows'weight D.callonpeopletotakeactionstoreducethepollutionBAlexWong,ajunioratMarkKeppelHighSchoolinAlhambra,California,isworkinghardonhisapplicationtoatopcollege.HisresumeshowsoffhisnearlystraightA’sindifficultclasses,experienceatasummerprogramatStanfordUniversity,EagleScoutprojectandtimeonthesoccerteamaswellastheschoolchoir.Buthissteadyprogressstoppedunexpectedlythisyear.Aimingtoopenaccesstocollege-levelAdvancedPlacement（大學(xué)預(yù)科）courses,hisschoolbeganusingacomputer-basedlotterytogiveoutspaces.Alexgotshutoutofallthreeofthecoursesherequested.ThenewsystemcausedangeramongfamilieswhosechildrenfailedtogetintoAPcourses,whichmanyconsiderimportanttodevelopadvancedskills,improvegrade-pointaveragesandallowstudentstoearncollegecredit,savingthemandtheirfamiliestuitiondollars.Studentsandparentswrotetoadministratorstocomplain,circulatedapetition（請愿）andlaunchedaFacebookgroupfortradingclasses.“I’MDESPERATE!I’LLGIVEYOUFREEFOOD,”onestudent,KirkHum,postedonthe210-memberAPFleaMarketFacebookgroup.APclasseshavelongbeenhelddearbythemosttalentedandambitiousstudents.Butnowtheyareseenaspositiveforallstudentswhoarewillingtopushthemselves-andschoolsareincreasinglyviewingaccesstothemasabasiceducationalright.Butthischangehasbroughtchallenges.MiracleVitangcol,ajunioratDowntownMagnetsHighSchoolwithaveragegradesandtestscores,isfailingherAPUShistoryclass.Shesaidshecan’thandletherapidpaceandvolumeofmaterialsheneedstoremember.Butshesaidsheintendstostickitoutbecausetheclassisteachinghertomanagehertime,takegoodnotesandworkhard.“I’mstrugglingtoadjust,”shesaid.“ButIkeeptellingmyself:‘It’sOK.Youcandoit.Justpushyourself’.”Somecriticsworrythattheopen-accessmovementispushingtoomanyunpreparedstudentsintoAPclasses,asshownbyhigherexamfailureratesoverthelastdecade.Theyalsofearthatopenenrollment（錄取）policiesareencouragingteacherstoweakencoursesandgiveouthighgradestostudentswhodon’tdeservethem.“Whileexpandingaccessisgenerallyagoodthing,weneedtomakesurewe’renotwateringdowntheexperienceforthehighachievers,”saidMichaelPetrilli,executivevicepresidentoftheThomasB.FordhamInstitute,aWashington-basededucationalpolicyorganization.ThepurposeofthenewAPcoursessystematAlexWong’sschoolisto .makesureallstudentsgetaccesstotheAPcoursestheydesire.ensurethatstudentshaveafairchancetogetaccesstoAPcourses.improvetheacademicperformanceofstudentsinAPcourses.separatehighachieversfromaveragestudentsthroughthenewcourses.Accordingtothearticle,theAPFleaMarketFacebookgroupisaplacewhere .students’parentssendtheircomplaintstoschooladministrators.studentssharetipsaboutsavingmoneyforcollege.studentsofferitemstotradefortheAPcoursestheyneed.studentscanfindsupportandguidanceontheirAPstudy.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMichaelPetrilliagreewith?OpeningAPcoursestoallstudentsisabadidea.SchooladministratorsshouldmaintainhighacademicstandardsforAPcourses.HighschoolsshouldstopchargingstudentsfortakingAPcourses.AccesstoAPcoursesisnecessaryforstudentsapplyingfortopAmericancolleges.TheauthorusedMiracleVitangcol’sexampletoshowthat .A.studentsneedtoremembertoomuchintheirAPcourses.APcoursesposeabigchallengetounpreparedstudents.thesecrettosuccessinAPcoursesistokeeppushingyourself.averagestudentsdon’tdeservetheirplacesinAPcourses.CPlasticispilingupinecosystemsallovertheworld.Althoughitsharmfulimpactsonbothspeciesandecosystemshavebeendocumented,afewanimals—likebowerbirdsandhermitcrabs—aredoingwhattheycantorecycleit.Andaccordingtoarecentstudy,wildbeesinCanadahavejoinedtheeffort,whichisarareobservationofbehavioralflexibilityinspeciesespeciallyinsects,inincreasinglyplastic-richenvironments.Theresearchersfoundtwospeciesofleafcutterbeesputtingplasticintotheirnests.Oneofthebeestheystudied,thealfalfaleafcutterbee,normallybitesoffpiecesofleavesandflowerswhilethesecondbeegathersstickysubstancesfromtrees.Leafcutterbeesdon'tbuildbignestsorstorehoneylikehoneybees,choosinginsteadsmallnestsinundergroundholes,treeholesorcracks（裂縫）inbuildings.Buttheresearchersfoundthatthreeofeightbroodcells（育雛巢室）containedpiecesofplasticbags,replacing23percentofthecutleavesineachcellonaverage.Whiletheydon'tmakehoney,alfalfaleafcutterbeesstillmakemoneyfortheU.S.andCanadianfarmersbypollinating（給傳授花粉）cropsincludingalfalfa,carrotsandmelons.TheEuropeaninsectswereintroducedtoNorthAmericainthe1930sforthatpurpose,andthey'vesincebecomewild,joiningthecontinent'smanynativespeciesofleafcutterbees.InaseparatestudyconductedinArgentinabetween2017and2018,researchersfoundabeenestmadeentirelyofplastic,whichconsistedofthreeseparatecells.It'sthefirstknownexampleofsuchconstructionworldwide.Comparedtotheotherneststheresearchersexamined,whichweremadeofnaturalmaterials,thisonehadaprettylowersuccessrateofthebees'survival.Oneofthecellshadadeadbabybee,anotherseemedtohavehousedanadultthathadleftthenest,andthethirdwasunfinished.Whatdoestheanimals'useofplasticshowaccordingtothestudy?A.Howwidelyplasticisused.Howstrangethebehaviorofwildlifeis.Howsomewildlifeisadaptingtoplastic.Howplasticpollutionhasharmedthem.Whatdoleavesmeantoalfalfaleafcutterbees?A.Food. B.Shelter.CAplasticsubstitute. D.Traditionalnestmaterials.Whichisonecharacteristicofleafcutterbees?Theyhavegreateconomicvalue.Theystorehoneylikehoneybees.Theyprefertoliveintreeholes.Theyhaveevolvedintoanewspecies.Whatwasthenestmadeentirelyofplasticlike?A.Itmightbewarmer. B.Itmightbeunhealthy.C.Itmightbeeasytofinish. D.Itmightberecyclable.DBeforemovingtoStokholm,IdidmyresearchonSwedenandwasconfidentaboutmymove.However,IquicklyrealizedonmyfirstdaythatsomuchofwhatIlearnedwassoverywrong.TherearemanythingsthataGooglesearchcannotshowaboutSweden.Thefirstisfika.Afikaistakingabreakfromwhateveryouaredoingtoenjoyacoffeewithfriends.Swedesvaluecommunityhighlysoitmakessensethattheywouldliketosetasidetimeeachdaytoreconnectwithothers.Fikaisagreattimetomeetnewpeopleaswellascatchupwithfriends.IgrewupintheAmericanSouthwhereeveryoneisveryfriendly.Ifoundthatlittlethingslikenotbeingaskedmylifestoryatthecoffeeshopbythewaiterupsetme.However,Swedishpeoplearenotrude.Instead,theypracticebeinglogom,whichmeans“justenough”.Thewinterscanbeverydarkandcold,sotheSwedishpeopledonottakeanysunnydayforgranted.Sincetheweatherhasbeenfine,IhavefoundmyselfwalkingalotaroundStockholm.Oftenitiseasiesttogetfromplacetoplacebywalking,whichallowsyoutoseesomuchofthecityandenjoythefreshair.Thoughithasbeenverytiringtogetusedto,italsohasmademefeelbetteraboutallofthekardemummabullarthatIhavebeeneating!Ithinkitisimportantforstudentswhowanttostudyabroadtoknowthatitishardtomovetocountriesnomatterhow“similar”youmaythinktheymaybe.Youhavetojumpinwithbothfeetandbepatientwithyourselfaswellasothers.Aslongasyoukeepanopenmindandarewillingtolearn,youwillhaveagreatexperience.Whatdoweknowaboutfika?A.Itisawasteoftime. B.Itisawaytobalancelifeandwork.C.Itisallaboutdrinkingcoffee. D.ItisaSwedishsocialtradition.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofSwedishpeople?A.Theyarefriendly. B.Theyseemabitcold.C.Theyappearreallyrude. D.Theyareinterestedinother'slife.Whydoestheauthorlikewalking?A.Itisfunandnotverytiring. B.Itisgoodexerciseoncolddays.CItallowshertoenjoysunnydays. D.Itgivesherthechancetoeatthelocalfood.What'stheauthor'sadviceforstudentsgoingabroad?A.Beconfident. B.Becareful.C.Beopen-minded. D.Behard-working.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項Nowadayspeopletendtodigitaliseeverythingfromwatchestofridges.Itseemsyoucanchooseanyitemlabeledas“smart”.___16___.However,thereareplentythatcanbeusedtoreduceemissionsandsavemoney.Ifyou’reapartofthedigitalisationmovement，youmightbeinterestedintheconceptofsmarthomes.Itmeansthateveryelementofyourhousecanbecontrolledfromapanelonthewalloryourphone.___17___.Useyourmobiletopowerthemonoroff，andyoumayfeeltrulymodernortrulylazy.Asidefromthebenefitsoflivingamorecomfortablelife,thispresentsanopportunitytocutdownonyourelectricalbills.Electricitygenerationtodayrepresents31%oftotalglobalfossilfueluseandaround40%ofallenergy-relatedCO2emissions.___18___Itisconsideredasthefirststeptopreventglobalclimatechange.Connectasmartthermometertotheheatingandcoolingsystemandsetaspecifictemperatureatwhichtheheatingbeginstowork.Doingso,theroomwillbeatadesiredtemperaturewhennecessaryandswitchesonapower-savingmodewhennotoccupied.Similarly,byinstallingaCO2sensor,youcanhaveanautomatedventilation（通風(fēng)）system.___19___.Ina150,000m2officecomplexnearMunich，calledCampeon,energycostsofupto117,067Euroweresavedaftertheuseofenvironmentalcontroldevicesthisyear.Inthisway,theyarecontributingtoalargedecreaseinCO2emissions.Clearly,smarthomesareaboutmuchmorethanjustlivingacomfortablelife.___20___.A.ItisactuallyaboutlivingagreenlifeB.SmartdeviceshavebeeninstalledworldwidenowadaysC.ItstartsworkingonlywhenCO2concentrationsreachacertainlimitD.Thereseemtobeanoceanofsuchso-called“smart”inventionsE.Bearingthisinmind,measuresshouldbetakentomakebuildingsmoreenergy-efficientF.AlternativeenergymustbediscoveredbeforethefossilfuelrunsoutinthefutureG.Thisincludesbasicssuchasheatingandlightingandmanyotherappliances第二部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項Manyevolutioncoachesseemtoagreethatgreatthingshappentheminutewestepoutsideofourcomfortzone.Forme,oneofthemostimportantthingsweshouldalwaysrememberisthatgrowthand___21___can’tcoexist.PersonaldevelopmentexpertNapoleonHilloncesaid,“Whateverthemindcanbelieve,itcanachieve___22___howmanytimesyoumayhave___23___inthepastorhowgreatyouraimsandhopesmaybe.”Thisstatementis___24___becauseitremindsusthatwe’retheonlyoneswhocanbe___25___forhowfarwe’llgo.Toreachany___26___,we’reusuallyrequiredto___27___thewaywedothings.However,steppingoutsideofourcomfortzoneisprobablythemostimportantsteptoward___28___realchanges.Butpersistence（堅持）andcontinuingtomoveforwardare___29___important,asit’sextremelyeasytoslidebackintoold 30 withoutrealizingit.Forlong,IwantedtoliveinArgentina,sohalfwaythroughmybachelor’sdegree,Iboughtaone-wayticketthere.WhileIwasthere,Iwasableto 31 thelasttwoyearsofmydegreeonlinebeforeflyinghomeforgraduation.IstillliveinArgentinanow,andIcanproudlysaythattakingthe 32 stepstomakeita 33 wasoneofthemostimportantthingsIeverdid.Certainly,I’mnotsuggestingweshouldallbuyone-wayticketstoforeigncountriesandjustseewhat 34 .Butit’simportantforusto 35 whatwewantandtrytobringour 36 tolife.Livinginacomfortzonecantrickusinto 37 wehaveenoughtime,whenyearscanflybywithoutushavingaccomplishedwhatwereallywantedto.Wewon’t 38 havetomorrowtodowhatwecouldhavedonetoday.So,acceptthediscomfortandallowitto 39 youtotrynewthings.Youneverknowwhatyoucouldbemissingoutonbyremaining 40A.hopeB.safetyC.comfortD.happinessA.regardlessofintermsofasaresultofinconsiderationofA.struggledB.succeededC.missedD.failedA.consistentB.powerfulC.plainD.challenging25.A.readyB.intendedC.suitableD.responsibleA.levelB.stateC.goalD.destinationA.changeB.knowC.discoverD.follow28.A.comparingB.experiencingC.acceptingD.confirmingA.equallyB.normallyC.slightlyD.potentiallyA.timesB.memoriesC.habitsD.conceptsA.planB.valueC.completeD.require32.A.directB.effectiveC.quickD.necessary33.A.motivationB.realityC.wonderD.possibility34.A.happensB.existsC.helpsD.matters35.A.recognizeB.createC.appreciateD.gain36.A.thoughtsB.chancesC.effortsD.dreams37.A.expectingB.admittingC.believingD.understanding38.A.eventuallyB.alwaysC.evenD.certainly39.A.encourageB.teachC.guideD.remind40.A.modestB.self-confidentC.independentD.self-content第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Itisdiscoveredthatthebirdsthatpeoplevaluemostareendangered 41. climatechange.IntheGuanacasteregionofCostaRica,wespentfouryearsidentifyingand 42. (count)birdsinarangeoflandscapesandhabitats.Then,we 43. (ask)hundredsofpeopleinallthoseplaces—farmers,birdwatchers,peopleincities—torankthebirdswehadcounted.Thebirdsthatpeoplerankhighestare 44. (general)foundinrainforests,withtheirecosystemsmost 45. (threaten)byclimatechange.Inthisparticularpartoftheworld,we'reseeingthedroughtperiodgetlongerandtherainyseasonget___46.___(short)incertainyears.Climateisbecomingmoreunpredict